CN103431155A - Production technology for enzymolysis and decoloration of spray-dried animal blood cells - Google Patents

Production technology for enzymolysis and decoloration of spray-dried animal blood cells Download PDF

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CN103431155A
CN103431155A CN2013104206916A CN201310420691A CN103431155A CN 103431155 A CN103431155 A CN 103431155A CN 2013104206916 A CN2013104206916 A CN 2013104206916A CN 201310420691 A CN201310420691 A CN 201310420691A CN 103431155 A CN103431155 A CN 103431155A
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enzymolysis
production technology
liquid
globulin powder
decolours
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陆杰坤
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Abstract

The invention discloses a production technology for enzymolysis and decoloration of spray-dried animal blood cells. The production technology comprises the following steps: (1) mixing spray-dried animal blood cells and water at a weight ratio of 1:(2-5), stirring till sufficient dissolution, and adjusting pH to 7.0-8.2 by use of sodium bicarbonate to obtain a mixed liquid; (2) adding 0.3-0.5% by weight of compound enzyme into the mixed liquid, sufficiently stirring, controlling the temperature at 50-58 DEG C, and performing enzymolysis for 4.5-5.5 hours to obtain a rough liquid; (3) performing enzyme deactivation treatment on the rough liquid obtained by the step (2), and adding diatomite for adsorptive decoloration; (4) performing vacuum filtration on the solution obtained by the step (3) to obtain a finished liquid; (5) performing spray-drying on the finished liquid to obtain a final product. By adopting the production technology disclosed by the invention, the obtained spray-dried animal blood cells are easier to digest and absorb, have light-yellow color and good mouthfeel without blood smell, and are safe and harmless.

Description

A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring
Technical field
The invention belongs to livestock and poultry blood product process and utilization technology field, be specifically related to a kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring.
Background technology
China's livestock and poultry blood resource is abundant, comprehensive nutrition, and its protein content, up to 18% ~ 22%, is desirable nutrient protein source.Due to color and the fishy smell of hemochrome, add in food and feed and also can make on a small quantity food and feed be burgundy and peculiar smell is arranged, affect the aesthetic quality, limited its extensive use.Livestock and poultry blood is first separated in slaughterhouse, through preparatory processing, made globulin powder, be convenient to storage, transportation and deep processing.Hemochrome in globulin powder is oxidized, and color becomes kermesinus mostly, and simultaneously, the albumen in globulin powder, not through degraded, is difficult for being digested and assimilated by animal as the forage protein raw material, and utilization rate is low, and causes environmental pollution.The albumen powder that globulin powder carries out enzymolysis and the deep processing of decolouring obtains contains a large amount of free amino acids and little peptide, is easy to digest and assimilate, and color is yellowish simultaneously, there is no the smell of blood, has significantly improved palatability, is the protein raw materials of feed industry high-quality.The globulin powder of powdery of take is raw material, studies enzymolysis and the decolouring parameter of best globulin powder, for the deep processing of globulin powder and the production of feed quality raw materials provide theoretical foundation.
At present, the decolouring of globulin powder mainly contains Physical, chemical method and enzyme process.The method of physics is mainly to utilize some adsorbents, and as the absorption such as active carbon ferroheme, this method is simple, is the more method of using at present, very large but its shortcoming is the loss late of protein.The chemical method decolouring is mainly chromotoxic structure, thereby reaches the effect of decolouring, but the use amount of chemical reagent is larger, high cost, and also the harm of residual chemical reagent is large.Document " the enzyme process decolouring research of proteinic powder of porcine " discloses a kind of condition of enzymolysis decolouring proteinic powder of porcine.Regulate pH to 3.0 after the enzymolysis certain hour, temperature to 55 ℃, because under this condition, globulin and hemochrome in conjunction with the most loose, can centrifugation globulin and hemochrome, reach decolorizing effect, the method can obtain that digestibility is high, the sense organ color and luster is good, there is no the globulin powder of the smell of blood, good palatability, but environment separation globulin and the hemochrome of peracidity, cause the acidity of finished product excessive, affects quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the production technology of a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring, resulting obtain the globulin powder product colour yellowish, do not have the smell of blood, mouthfeel good, safe and harmless.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme: a kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:2-5, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 7.0-8.2, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds the 0.3%-0.5% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 50-58 ℃, enzymolysis 4.5-5.5 hour, obtain just liquid; Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) the obtained enzyme that gone out is processed, then adds diatomite to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, obtain finished product.
The color of blood cell is mainly the effect of hemoglobin, and hyperglobulinemia is to consist of ferroheme and strain albumen, and being color part is ferroheme, and decolouring will be removed ferroheme exactly, will remove ferroheme in fact exactly.
Because the kinds of protein of globulin powder is many, single hydrolase hydrolysis is insufficient, utilizes complex enzyme to make the globulin powder hydrolysis more abundant, and described pancreatin is the mixture of trypsase, amylopsin, pancreatic lipase, its function has diversity, and hydrolysis effect is good; In the proteolysis process, the N-terminal exposure of some bitter peptides can make hydrolyzate with bitter taste, affects its mouthfeel, and food flavor enzyme can be eliminated bitter taste.
Diatomite is a kind of rock with biological structure.Mainly by 80 ~ 90%, by the diatom test reached more than 90% form, matter is soft, porous and light, has the advantages such as porosity is large, absorbability strong, stable chemical nature, and containing noxious material, its advantages of good adsorption effect is safe.
Sodium acid carbonate is as regulating pH solution, good buffer effect, and also its side effect to albumen in complex enzyme and globulin powder is less than the side effect of direct use soda acid.
At first the present invention carries out enzymolysis by complex enzyme by globulin powder and becomes a large amount of free amino acid and little peptides, and make ferroheme and protein-bonded combination become loose, by adsorbent kieselguhr adsorption ferroheme, reach the effect of decolouring, the globulin powder obtained is easier to digest and assimilate, and its color is yellowish, there is no the smell of blood, mouthfeel is good, safe and harmless.Compare and use chemical reagent and sour environment to be decoloured, the diatomite decolouring has increased the security of product, its decolorizing effect specific activity charcoal advantages of good adsorption effect, and the loss amount of albumen is less.
As preferably, described in step (1), the weight ratio of globulin powder and water is 1:2.
As preferably, described in step (1), PH is adjusted to 7.2.
As preferably, in step (2), hydrolysis temperature is 53-55 ℃.
PH and temperature are very large to the activity influence of enzyme, and suitable PH and temperature can make enzymatic activity maximize, and are conducive to the carrying out of enzyme digestion reaction, have also accelerated enzymolysis speed, and under preferred pH7.2,53-55 ℃ condition, the activity of three kinds of enzymes all can reach perfect condition.
As preferably, in step (2), enzymolysis time is 5 hours.
Along with the growth of enzymolysis time, enzymatic hydrolyzation strengthens gradually, and when enzymolysis, in the time of 5 hours, enzymatic hydrolyzation can reach more than 90%, then time expand, and enzymatic hydrolyzation remains unchanged substantially, but the long function that can affect protein of enzymolysis time.
As preferably, to constantly stir described mixed liquor in enzymolysis process in step (2), and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 180-300rpm.
Enzyme digestion reaction must make enzyme fully contact with substrate, the ability sufficient reacting is efficient, so in course of reaction, for hemoglobin can be contacted fully with enzyme, just must constantly be stirred, and along with the carrying out of enzyme digestion reaction, protein constantly be hydrolyzed into little molecule, therefore the pH value of solution can change, and affects the biologically active of enzyme.
As preferably, the described enzyme that goes out is treated to described just liquid is heated to 90-100 ℃, processes 10-20min.
Process timely stopped reaction by the enzyme that goes out, avoid globulin powder excessively to be hydrolyzed.
As preferably, described diatomite is that 1:15-30 adds by diatomite with first liquid weight ratio.
Appropriate amount is diatomaceous to add, and can guarantee adsorption effect, does not also waste resource, reduces costs.
As preferably, 200-250 ℃ of EAT, leaving air temp 60-100 ℃ when dry in step (4), the atomizer rotating speed is 15000-20000rpm.
Suitable spray-drying condition, one, product quality can be guaranteed, and raw material is subject to heat damage and the degree of inactivation is lower, can improve product yield; Its two, the wink-dry product, rate of drying is fast, the time is short, energy-conserving and environment-protective.
As preferably, the moisture content of described finished product is no more than 3%.
Adopt technique scheme, the present invention has following beneficial effect: the enzymolysis decoloring method that the present invention adopts, hydrolysis efficiency is high, good decolorizing effect, the globulin powder obtained is easier to digest and assimilate, and its color is yellowish, do not have the smell of blood, mouthfeel good, safe and harmless, cost is low, side reaction is few, non-secondary pollution, is easy to large-scale production.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:2, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 7.0, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds 0.3% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 50 ℃, enzymolysis 4.5 hours, obtain just liquid; Constantly stir during this time described mixed liquor, and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 180rpm;
Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) obtained is heated to 90 ℃, maintains the 10min enzyme that gone out and processes, then add diatomite and the diatomite that just the liquid weight ratio is 1:15 to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, 200 ℃ of EATs, 60 ℃ of leaving air temps, the atomizer rotating speed is 15000rpm, obtains the finished product of moisture content 3%.
At first embodiment 1 becomes a large amount of free amino acid and little peptides by complex enzyme by the globulin powder enzymolysis, and make ferroheme and protein-bonded combination become loose, complex enzyme used can be by globulin powder hydrolysis fully, and remove some bitter peptide aminoterminals in the proteolysis process with bitter taste; The diatomite porosity is large, absorbability strong, stable chemical nature, and not containing noxious material, its advantages of good adsorption effect, safe, use the kieselguhr adsorption ferroheme of certain proportioning, can reach the effect of comparatively ideal decolouring, the globulin powder that the present embodiment obtains is easier to digest and assimilate, and its color is pale brown, almost there is no the smell of blood, mouthfeel is good, safe and harmless.
Embodiment 2:
A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:3, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 7.2, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds 0.5% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 55 ℃, enzymolysis 5 hours, obtain just liquid; Constantly stir during this time described mixed liquor, and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 200rpm;
Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) obtained is heated to 100 ℃, maintains the 20min enzyme that gone out and processes, then add diatomite and the diatomite that just the liquid weight ratio is 1:25 to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, 220 ℃ of EATs, 100 ℃ of leaving air temps, the atomizer rotating speed is 18000rpm, obtains the finished product of moisture content 1.8%.
At first embodiment 2 becomes a large amount of free amino acid and little peptides by complex enzyme by the globulin powder enzymolysis, and make ferroheme and protein-bonded combination become loose, complex enzyme used can be by globulin powder hydrolysis fully, and remove some bitter peptide aminoterminals in the proteolysis process with bitter taste; The diatomite porosity is large, absorbability strong, stable chemical nature, and not containing noxious material, its advantages of good adsorption effect, safe, use the kieselguhr adsorption ferroheme of certain proportioning, can reach the effect of very desirable decolouring, the globulin powder that the present embodiment obtains is easier to digest and assimilate, and its color is yellowish, there is no the smell of blood, mouthfeel is good, safe and harmless.
Embodiment 3:
A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:5, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 8.0, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds 0.4% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 58 ℃, enzymolysis 5.5 hours, obtain just liquid; Constantly stir during this time described mixed liquor, and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 300rpm;
Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) obtained is heated to 100 ℃, maintains the 15min enzyme that gone out and processes, then add diatomite and the diatomite that just the liquid weight ratio is 1:30 to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, 250 ℃ of EATs, 80 ℃ of leaving air temps, the atomizer rotating speed is 20000rpm, obtains the finished product of moisture content 1.5%.
Embodiment 3 is by a certain amount of complex enzyme, suitable temperature with under the pH condition, the globulin powder enzymolysis is become to a large amount of free amino acid and little peptides, and make ferroheme and protein-bonded combination become loose, complex enzyme used can be by globulin powder hydrolysis fully, and remove some bitter peptide aminoterminals in the proteolysis process with bitter taste; The diatomite porosity is large, absorbability strong, stable chemical nature, and not containing noxious material, its advantages of good adsorption effect, safe, use the kieselguhr adsorption ferroheme of certain proportioning, can reach the effect of very desirable decolouring, the globulin powder that the present embodiment obtains is easier to digest and assimilate, and its color is yellowish, there is no the smell of blood, mouthfeel is good, safe and harmless.
Comparative Examples 1:
A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:2, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 7.0, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds 0.3% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 50 ℃, enzymolysis 4.5 hours, obtain just liquid; Constantly stir during this time described mixed liquor, and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 180rpm;
Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) obtained is heated to 90 ℃, maintains the 10min enzyme that gone out and processes, then add active carbon and the active carbon that just the liquid weight ratio is 1:15 to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, 200 ℃ of EATs, 60 ℃ of leaving air temps, the atomizer rotating speed is 15000rpm, obtains finished product.
Comparative Examples 2:
A kind of production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring comprises the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:5, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 8.0, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds 0.4% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 58 ℃, enzymolysis 5.5 hours, obtain just liquid; Constantly stir during this time described mixed liquor, and regulate in time the pH value, stir speed (S.S.) is 300rpm;
Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) obtained is heated to 100 ℃, maintains the 15min enzyme that gone out and processes, then add active carbon and the active carbon that just the liquid weight ratio is 1:30 to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, 250 ℃ of EATs, 80 ℃ of leaving air temps, the atomizer rotating speed is 20000rpm, obtains finished product.
Globulin powder before the enzymolysis decolouring and the protein content in each embodiment and the resulting finished product of Comparative Examples are detected, and result is as follows:
Figure 2013104206916100002DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
Testing result shows: with after same complex enzyme for hydrolyzing globulin powder, the albumen waste of kieselguhr adsorption is only 3% left and right, it is faint yellow that the finished product obtained is substantially, and after utilizing charcoal absorption, the loss of proteins amount is up to 11-13%, and ferroheme absorption is thorough not, and it is brown that product colour still is, visible diatomite is better as the adsorbent adsorption effect, and loss of proteins still less.

Claims (10)

1. the production technology of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
(1) globulin powder and water are mixed by weight 1:2-5, be stirred to it and fully dissolve, regulating pH with sodium acid carbonate is 7.0-8.2, obtains mixed liquor;
(2) to the complex enzyme that adds the 0.3%-0.5% weight portion in described mixed liquor, fully mix thoroughly, control temperature and carry out enzymolysis at 50-58 ℃, enzymolysis 4.5-5.5 hour, obtain just liquid; Described complex enzyme is pancreatin, papain and food flavor enzyme;
(3) described just liquid step (2) the obtained enzyme that gone out is processed, then adds diatomite to carry out adsorption bleaching;
(4) step (3) gained solution, by vacuum filtration, obtains into liquid;
(5) described one-tenth liquid is carried out to spray-drying, obtain finished product.
2. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 1 decolours, it is characterized in that: described in step (1), the weight ratio of hyperglobulinemia powder raw material and water is 1:2.
3. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 2 decolours, it is characterized in that: described in step (1), pH is adjusted to 7.2.
4. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 3 decolours is characterized in that: in step (2), hydrolysis temperature is 53-55 ℃.
5. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 4 decolours is characterized in that: in step (2), enzymolysis time is 5 hours.
6. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 1 decolours is characterized in that: will constantly stir described mixed liquor in enzymolysis process in step (2), stir speed (S.S.) is 180-300rpm.
7. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 1 decolours is characterized in that: the described enzyme that goes out is treated to described just liquid is heated to 90-100 ℃, processes 10-20min.
8. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 1 decolours is characterized in that: described diatomite is that 1:20-30 adds by diatomite with first liquid weight ratio.
9. the production technology that a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis according to claim 8 decolours is characterized in that: 200-250 ℃ of EAT, leaving air temp 60-100 ℃ when dry in step (4), the atomizer rotating speed is 15000-20000rpm.
10. according to the production technology of the described a kind of globulin powder enzymolysis decolouring of claim 1-9 any one, it is characterized in that: the moisture content of described finished product is no more than 3%.
CN2013104206916A 2013-09-16 2013-09-16 Production technology for enzymolysis and decoloration of spray-dried animal blood cells Pending CN103431155A (en)

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Application publication date: 20131211