CN1034293A - 数-模转换器 - Google Patents
数-模转换器 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1034293A CN1034293A CN88108917A CN88108917A CN1034293A CN 1034293 A CN1034293 A CN 1034293A CN 88108917 A CN88108917 A CN 88108917A CN 88108917 A CN88108917 A CN 88108917A CN 1034293 A CN1034293 A CN 1034293A
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- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/66—Digital/analogue converters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/06—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters
- H03M1/0617—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence
- H03M1/0634—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale
- H03M1/0656—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale in the time domain, e.g. using intended jitter as a dither signal
- H03M1/066—Continuously compensating for, or preventing, undesired influence of physical parameters characterised by the use of methods or means not specific to a particular type of detrimental influence by averaging out the errors, e.g. using sliding scale in the time domain, e.g. using intended jitter as a dither signal by continuously permuting the elements used, i.e. dynamic element matching
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03M—CODING; DECODING; CODE CONVERSION IN GENERAL
- H03M1/00—Analogue/digital conversion; Digital/analogue conversion
- H03M1/66—Digital/analogue converters
- H03M1/74—Simultaneous conversion
- H03M1/742—Simultaneous conversion using current sources as quantisation value generators
- H03M1/747—Simultaneous conversion using current sources as quantisation value generators with equal currents which are switched by unary decoded digital signals
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Analogue/Digital Conversion (AREA)
- Instructional Devices (AREA)
Abstract
本发明的数-模转换器包括:一输入端子(1),一
输出端(2),一电流源电路(3),具有N个电流源(I1
至IN),用以在N个输出端(3.1至3.N)上产生电流
强度大致相等的N个电流;一组合电路(4),具有N
个耦合到电流源电路(3)的N个输出端上的输入端
(4.1至4.N)、一用以接收数字输入信号的输入端(6)
和一输出端(7)。要将在某一时间间隔期间(Ta)将
加到输入端(1)上的数字信号D转换时,将该时间间
隔再细分成至少两个子时间间隔(Td1,Td2)。
Description
本发明为一储存和利用冬夏温差获取能量的近似“永动机”的技术方案。
自古以来,无数人为发明一种能永无休止地、无偿为人类提供功和能的永动机化费了大量的辛劳,但由于一定时限内科技的相对落后而不能奏效,反而因无数的失败使永动机蒙上了“反动”、“违背自然规律”等不光彩的名誉,当然失败的原因很多无疑是违背自然规律,对科学技术进行了反动造成的,但是,只要善于利用自然规律,那么设计和建造那种一经发动就不需再对之人为地提供能量而能从中永久地取得功和能的“永动机”还是有路可通的,当然,此时已不再是那个违背自然规律的反动的永动机概念了。
本发明方案遵循自然规律,利用自然界因时间差、空间差而存在的温差,对其中因不同时间在同一空间产生的温差,尽可能保持差距地拉到同一时间,从而拮取这种温差之间的能量,在用一组设施使从这种温差中取得的能量能大于为保存和利用这种温差所消耗的能量时,就可达到从这种设施中永无休止地取得功和能。
本发明方案可从自然现象获得旁证:自然界中存在一种热洞和冷洞,冷热洞的形成由各种因素综合促成,如地形:热洞往往是洞口在下方的盲洞,冷洞则是洞口在上方的盲洞;地质:洞壁有良好的传热蓄热功能,否则单靠洞内的空气来蓄冷储热是不够的;地貌:洞壁的传热蓄热层外有良好的绝热层,否则,会因“熵”的较快增大而难成典形的冷热洞了。无明显洞口的冷热洞因有出露地表的“窗口”也能为人所知,而且自然界中往往还存在相距很近的冷热洞,甚至会有共用同一个“窗口”显示的,例如东北某地的一块所谓“神奇土地”地表能在夏天产生低温,天越热温度越低,而冬天则出现高温,这种神奇其实是一对冷热洞在作怪,是它们在共用同一个“窗口”向外显示它们的存在并获得运行的动力罢了,热洞的机制是天越热,它就越向洞内吸入热量,当然夏天忙于吸热而不会通过“窗口”向外放热了,而只能任由冷洞向外吹冷气了,冷洞也一样,天越冷越要吸冷,在冬天忙于储冷无空向“窗口”放出相对于地表并不冷的冷气了,而况按热力学第二定律遵照“熵”的概念,只要有温差就会有散发,冬天热洞当然有挤占“窗口”的优势且越冷越得劲,夏天也当然冷源的势能大,天越热势能也越大,因此,这种自然现象并无神奇之处,只是由于地表没找到可见的通道能进入洞中以至没有发现这对冷热洞的存在罢了,这块神奇土地的冬热夏冷为人提供了一种可供利用的能源,至少它可为制造相同的温度环境省下了能源,而且并不要人作出化费而能年复一年地运转下去。自然界就这样为本发明方案提供了一个现实的模式。
本发明以大地为对象开凿人工的冷洞和热洞,并用机械设施人为地向洞中输入冬寒夏暑,经一定时间的积累成长后,就可在夏天汲取冷洞的低温,冬天放出热洞的热能从而与当时的气温形成较大的温差,除直接利用这样高低温,以省下制造这种高低温的能耗外,用这个温差进行发电,并把其中的一部分用于储热蓄冷的消耗,在整个系统能达到输出的能量大于维持系统运转所需的能耗时就成了一个无休止地提供能源的“永动机”。
至现在,在同一时间同一有限空间内要产生能差必须有能源消耗放出能量才能形成,如各种燃烧的化学反应及物体势能变化等,这中间严格地遵照着“热力学第一定律”,因此在发明出象太阳那样的“造能机”以前,不利用时间差来设计永动机是很难实现的,而本发明则利用了物体热能的时间差,在本发明所述方案中当作取能源泉的跨时温差是到处存在的,当然,由于热力学第二定律的作用,不加控制时,其能量差会随时间经风雨等形式很快消失,要把这种能差在一定的空间内封存一部分下来,即尽量限制这个空间与其它空间之间“熵”的增大,采用冷热洞蓄藏是可行的。蓄热储冷的过程,当然是在遵循着“热力学第二定律”,并尽量在洞内设法加快“熵”的增大速度冷热收集、运储是在冬季把冷空气、冷水等含冷介质输入冷洞中,让其交换出洞中的热量,并把热量带出洞外,如此循环即可把冷洞的能级降低,而热洞中输入的含热介质可采用各种方法提高温度,以使热洞中储积较高的能级。冷热洞中能差的利用,除了就地以夏汲冷,冬取鹊姆绞绞褂猛猓梢杂弥魑虏罘⒌缁蛑圃煨滦腿剂希侔训缌腿剂鲜渌驮斗健7⒌缟枋┖腿剂系闹圃炜梢糜泄丶际趸虻却碌姆⒚鳌?
本发明对能量的收支可粗略分析如下,冷热洞一般适于建在一定深度的地表下,向洞中输入或取出冷热介质要消耗功能,如依介质为水作例子,洞开凿于50米深地下,在不考虑机械效率时,使一公斤水下洞进行热交换及提取一公斤水以放出热能,二次需耗功100公斤米也即等于234卡热能,如这一公斤水在洞中交出5℃的能差,即放入洞中或吸走洞中5000卡的热能,这样得到的能是支出能的二十倍以上,因此只要具有一定效率的储能和换能设备就可从中获取能量。
对本发明的基建投资效益亦可作如下分析,以开采矿物能源煤为例:一个年产十万吨,服务年限一百年的煤矿,在一百年内将生产一千万吨煤,可获得约6×1013千卡热能,其矿在100年内当然至少挖出1000万吨物体,现建造两个能有1000万吨物体参予储冷蓄热的冷热洞,在运行中,每年能从这对冷热洞中的储冷蓄热中取得20℃的能差,如以储能物的比热为1时,从1000万吨物体可得到2×1011千卡热能,也即运行300年即可获得与年产10万吨煤的煤矿在100年内取得的全部能量相等,如此规模的冷热井的基建投资虽然无从正确估价,但也不会超过此煤矿100年的开拓支出,而且问题在于:煤矿有挖光报废之日,而冷热洞却可永久使用,因此,从长远观点看,建造这种“永动机”设施也并无经济上的障碍。
当然,只要是方案,本身必然是低上谈兵。目前,对于矿物能源,风水势能,乃至核能,太阳光热等的开发利用已有很成熟或较成熟的经验,而对本方案却在各个环节上都存有或大或小的难题,这些难题不能在本方案中给于解决甚至排清点明,只能留待以后的发明来阐述。
本发明的实施方案拟定如下:在地表下适合的地层开掘相距不远的两个洞,每个洞有两个可控井口通向地表,洞内掘了布局合理的大小巷通以争取尽量多的蓄热层,由地面设施从井口输入冷热介质,介质在洞内循环进行热交换后由另一井口出洞,地面设施除输送介质的机械如风机、水泵等外并有温室冷荫等聚热致冷设施以获取优良介质。对冷热洞能差利用除了直接抽取用于空调等外,可按装温差发电装置获取电力,至于其他的利用这个能差的方法无法在此尽述。
在本发明中无法把实施方法的其体细节述说,因为很大程度上还须依赖试验和实践来探索,甚至在一定的时间内只能收获到失败,好在这也符合发明过程的通常规律。
本发明方案在解决好冷热洞、输汲冷热源及能差利用效率等问题后,可获得一个“永动机”式的供能设施,而且获得的能源是干净的,不会对环境产生污染;在气候不发生重大变化时其供能也是稳定的,更不会有枯竭的时候,而且,它与太阳的光热强弱无关,只要冬夏有一定的温差,就可使用本发明而无需虑及年平均温度的高低,因此,本发明要比真接利太阳的光和热适用范围广,而且只要冷热洞这个主要设施使用维护得好,除人为淘汰外,不会有报废的可能,反而会在惯性和成长下随年限越长效能越好,这样,本发明的技术方案用跨越时差的方法可把地球表面当作取之不尽的能源之库。
Claims (1)
1、一种把冬夏之温度高低所含的能量差当作能源并从中获取能量的技术方案,本发明的特征在于:把冬季的低温和夏季的高温分别储蓄到两个人工开凿的冷热洞中,使之产生并得到两洞之间或洞与地球表面之间较大的温差。使用温差发电等方法永久地获得能量,使整个系统成为一“永动机”式的清洁的能源供应站。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL8703128A NL8703128A (nl) | 1987-12-24 | 1987-12-24 | Digitaal-analoog-omzetter. |
NL8703128 | 1987-12-24 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1034293A true CN1034293A (zh) | 1989-07-26 |
CN1014289B CN1014289B (zh) | 1991-10-09 |
Family
ID=19851148
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88108917A Expired CN1014289B (zh) | 1987-12-24 | 1988-12-21 | 数-模转换器 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4935740A (zh) |
EP (1) | EP0322965B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JPH01204527A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR890011227A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1014289B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE3865191D1 (zh) |
NL (1) | NL8703128A (zh) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB8803627D0 (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1988-03-16 | Data Conversion Systems Ltd | Digital to analogue converter |
US5021784A (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-06-04 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Calibrated current source with ripple reduction |
EP0597123A4 (en) * | 1992-06-01 | 1998-05-13 | DIGITAL-ANALOG CONVERTER AND ANALOG-DIGITAL CONVERTER. | |
US5384546A (en) * | 1993-11-08 | 1995-01-24 | International Business Machine Corp. | Time domain component multiplexor |
JP3469326B2 (ja) * | 1994-08-16 | 2003-11-25 | バー−ブラウン・コーポレーション | デジタル−アナログ変換器 |
EP0704978B1 (en) * | 1994-09-30 | 2003-06-18 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Selection device for selecting electric cells and apparatus using the same |
US5640162A (en) * | 1994-10-04 | 1997-06-17 | Brooktree Corporation | Digital-to-analog converter with binary coded inputs to produce a plurality of outputs in the form of thermometer code |
US5568145A (en) * | 1994-10-19 | 1996-10-22 | Analog Devices, Inc. | MOS current source layout technique to minimize deviation |
US5646619A (en) * | 1995-04-26 | 1997-07-08 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Self-calibrating high speed D/A converter |
JP2897714B2 (ja) * | 1996-03-29 | 1999-05-31 | 日本電気株式会社 | アナログ集積回路 |
US5760726A (en) * | 1996-08-23 | 1998-06-02 | Motorola, Inc. | Digital-to-analog converter with dynamic matching and bit splitting |
US5969514A (en) * | 1997-11-24 | 1999-10-19 | National Semiconductor Corporation | Digital feedback power supply |
US6329941B1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2001-12-11 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Digital-to-analog converting device and method |
DE19930113B4 (de) * | 1999-06-30 | 2006-09-14 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Filtern eines einen digitalen Datenstrom repräsentierenden Signals |
JP4311511B2 (ja) | 1999-10-25 | 2009-08-12 | 日本バーブラウン株式会社 | デジタル−アナログ変換の方法および装置 |
EP1142122B1 (en) * | 1999-10-27 | 2006-09-27 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | A digital to analog converter |
US7280060B1 (en) | 2000-05-23 | 2007-10-09 | Marvell International Ltd. | Communication driver |
AU2002323522A1 (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2003-03-18 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Optical devices using shaped optical fibers and methods for making optical devices with shaped optical fibers |
WO2003052940A2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-26 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Digital to analogue converter |
US7042378B2 (en) * | 2002-01-30 | 2006-05-09 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Circuit with a digital to analog converter |
US6621438B1 (en) * | 2002-04-30 | 2003-09-16 | Motorola, Inc. | Digital-to-analog conversion with current path exchange during clock phases |
JP4793294B2 (ja) | 2007-03-16 | 2011-10-12 | ヤマハ株式会社 | デジタル入力型d級増幅器 |
US9238548B2 (en) | 2013-09-25 | 2016-01-19 | Rubbermaid Incorporated | Receptacle with spring hinge and forward lean |
CN110971232A (zh) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-07 | 瑞昱半导体股份有限公司 | 数字模拟转换器装置与电流控制方法 |
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NL7405441A (nl) * | 1974-04-23 | 1975-10-27 | Philips Nv | Nauwkeurige stroombronschakeling. |
US3940760A (en) * | 1975-03-21 | 1976-02-24 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Digital-to-analog converter with current source transistors operated accurately at different current densities |
NL7604570A (nl) * | 1976-04-29 | 1977-11-01 | Philips Nv | Stroomverdeelschakeling voor het realiseren van een aantal stromen die onderling zeer nauwkeurig een bepaalde grootteverhouding vertonen. |
NL8003948A (nl) * | 1980-07-09 | 1982-02-01 | Philips Nv | Digitaal-analoog omzetter. |
NL8300466A (nl) * | 1983-02-08 | 1984-09-03 | Philips Nv | Stroombronschakeling. |
JPS61240716A (ja) * | 1985-04-17 | 1986-10-27 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | ディジタルアナログコンバ−タ |
US4644325A (en) * | 1985-10-21 | 1987-02-17 | Motorla, Inc. | Low voltage, single power supply operated digital analog converter |
DE3771408D1 (de) * | 1986-07-21 | 1991-08-22 | Itt Ind Gmbh Deutsche | Monolithisch integrierter digital/analog-wandler. |
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-
1987
- 1987-12-24 NL NL8703128A patent/NL8703128A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1988
- 1988-11-10 US US07/270,159 patent/US4935740A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-12-19 EP EP88202950A patent/EP0322965B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-19 DE DE8888202950T patent/DE3865191D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-12-21 KR KR1019880017088A patent/KR890011227A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-12-21 CN CN88108917A patent/CN1014289B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-12-24 JP JP63324848A patent/JPH01204527A/ja active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3865191D1 (de) | 1991-10-31 |
EP0322965B1 (en) | 1991-09-25 |
NL8703128A (nl) | 1989-07-17 |
CN1014289B (zh) | 1991-10-09 |
KR890011227A (ko) | 1989-08-14 |
US4935740A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
JPH01204527A (ja) | 1989-08-17 |
EP0322965A1 (en) | 1989-07-05 |
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