CN103421525B - A kind of low-rank coal method for upgrading and system - Google Patents
A kind of low-rank coal method for upgrading and system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The application discloses a kind of low-rank coal method for upgrading and system, and the brown coal that wherein method comprises being crushed to predetermined extent carry out drying and dehydrating; Brown coal after the dehydration of sorting drying are to remove coal dust; And the brown coal that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects.Pass through the application, add the controllability of whole technique and optimize the energy distribution of system, avoid the disadvantageous effect of brown coal efflorescence to low-temperature pyrolysis to the full extent, improve the quality of tar, widen the size range of carrying out upgrading raw coal, and due to without the need to carrying out strict screening to raw coal therefore having saved facility investment, decrease the hidden danger of dust pollution and spontaneous combustion simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The application relates to low-rank coal upgrading field.
Background technology
Traditional technology at present for transformation and quality improvement of low-rank coal mainly contains drying and upgrading and low-temperature pyrolysis upgrading.Common drying and upgrading technique is used for moisture higher brown coal coal upgrading, and its principle, mainly by the method for physics, as raised temperature, pressuring method, makes former moisture in coal become rapidly the form of gaseous state, thus reaches the object removed.Low-temperature pyrolysis upgrading refer under non-oxidizing conditions by coal heat, finally obtain the working method of tar, coal gas and semicoke.Low-rank coal carry out low-temperature pyrolysis upgrading last as to carry out drying and dehydrating to reduce the thermal load of destructive distillation, but often there is raw meal particle size between each unit, the unmatched problem for the treatment of capacity in the process for upgrading after dry, destructive distillation combination.Be embodied in:
(1) for drying and upgrading, the drying and dehydrating efficiency of fine coal is the highest, but in order to avoid too much finely-ground coke enters into the quality that pyrolysis coal gas affects tar in retort process, therefore choose the brown coal with larger particle diameter and carry out drying and upgrading.To be embodied in traditional technology namely first fragmentation is carried out to brown coal, screening obtains lump coal/beans, carries out low-temperature pyrolysis again after drying and upgrading.But facts have proved, brown coal in drying and upgrading process and drying complete after course of conveying in, brown coal efflorescence is comparatively serious, so still cannot ensure the quality of follow-up tar products.
(2) combine in process for upgrading, dry, destructive distillation unit all needs to consume a certain amount of heat, and in general both thermals source are identical but utilize order different, and first high-temperature medium enters into destructive distillation device, for brown coal destructive distillation provides heat, after discharging as tail gas, become again the thermal source of drying and upgrading.Energy flow is to completely contrary with flow direction of material, and forms of distribution are fixed and single, there is the unmatched problem of energy between unit when the operating conditions are changed.
Summary of the invention
The application aims to provide the disadvantageous effects such as a kind of efflorescence can effectively avoiding drying and upgrading process to produce to the transfer of destructive distillation and adds the low-rank coal method for upgrading of the utilization ways of heat simultaneously.
An embodiment of the application discloses a kind of low-rank coal method for upgrading, comprising: carry out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent; Brown coal after the dehydration of sorting drying are to remove coal dust; And the brown coal that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects.
Another embodiment of the application discloses a kind of system of low-rank coal upgrading, comprising: drying unit, carries out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent; Separation unit, the brown coal after the dehydration of sorting drying are to remove coal dust; And destructive distillation unit, the brown coal that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects.
By the embodiment of the application, the setting of pneumatic separation device makes the combination of drying unit and destructive distillation unit more flexible, adds the controllability of whole technique and optimizes the energy distribution of system.Avoid the disadvantageous effect of brown coal efflorescence to low-temperature pyrolysis to the full extent, improve the quality of tar.Widen the size range of carrying out upgrading raw coal, and due to without the need to carrying out strict screening to raw coal therefore having saved facility investment, decrease the hidden danger of dust pollution and spontaneous combustion simultaneously.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is an embodiment low-rank coal method for upgrading 1000 according to the application;
Fig. 2 is another embodiment low-rank coal method for upgrading 2000 according to the application;
Fig. 3 is the low-rank coal upgrading system of an embodiment according to the application; And
Fig. 4 is the low-rank coal upgrading system of another embodiment according to the application.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the application is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is an embodiment low-rank coal method for upgrading 1000 according to the application.As shown in the figure, in step s 110, drying and dehydrating is carried out to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.Such as, by raw material brown coal after being crushed to particle diameter and being less than 13mm, send in drying unit (such as steam rotary dryer) and carry out drying and upgrading, brown coal moisture is removed to 8%.
In step S120, the brown coal after the dehydration of sorting drying are to remove coal dust.Select as one, utilize fluidized wind to carry out size classification to the brown coal after drying dehydration, the coal that wherein settling velocity is less than fluidising air velocity is removed as coal dust.Such as, the brown coal after drying and upgrading are delivered to separation unit (such as fluidized bed air separating device) through handling equipment and are carried out size classification: the coal dust that particle diameter is less than 3mm is fluidized wind and carries secretly, then after dust removing units is collected, enter coal powder formation unit; The coal grain that particle diameter is greater than 3mm is delivered in destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) through handling equipment and is carried out low-temperature pyrolysis.In assorting room, brown coal moisture is removed to 3%.
In step S130, the brown coal that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects.Such as, the granularity after fluidized bed air separating is that the brown coal of 3-13mm enter destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove), pyrolysis upgrading in the destructive distillation unit that temperature is 450-600 DEG C, obtains semicoke and the raw gas containing tar after pyrolysis upgrading.The semicoke that destructive distillation unit produces then enters dry coke quenching unit and is cooled to about 220 DEG C, heat-eliminating medium is nitrogen, the heat that semicoke carries produces steam and as the heat source stream of part drying and upgrading unit after waste heat recovery unit reclaims, the semicoke of being discharged by dry quenching system is carrying out water spray Passivation Treatment, obtains semicoke product.Gas purification (cooling) unit is led to by destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) by the high temperature rough gas containing tar produced after cracking upgrading, carry out high-temperature dust removal, then cool, carry out gas-oil separation, by the time high-quality tar and high heating value gas.
By above-mentioned embodiment, the setting of pneumatic separation device makes the combination of drying unit and destructive distillation unit more flexible, adds the controllability of whole technique and optimizes the energy distribution of system.Avoid the disadvantageous effect of brown coal efflorescence to low-temperature pyrolysis to the full extent, improve the quality of tar.Widen the size range of carrying out upgrading raw coal, and due to without the need to carrying out strict screening to raw coal therefore having saved facility investment, decrease the hidden danger of dust pollution and spontaneous combustion simultaneously.
Fig. 2 is another embodiment low-rank coal method for upgrading 2000 according to the application.Wherein step S210 and the S220 step S110 respectively to above-mentioned is similar with S120, does not repeat them here.
In step S230, utilize high-temperature flue gas to the brown coal indirect heat exchange sub-elected.Such as, granularity after fluidized bed air separating is that the brown coal of 3-13mm enter destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove), in destructive distillation unit, be subject to the indirect heating effect from the high-temperature flue gas of 750 DEG C-900 DEG C of flue gas generating unit and pyrolysis occurs, the flow direction of high-temperature flue gas and coal dust can be set to following current or adverse current.
In step S240, waste heat recovery is carried out to the flue gas after indirect heat exchange.Such as, after indirect heat exchange, flue-gas temperature is down to 400-600 DEG C, and enter flue gas waste heat recovery unit after being discharged by destructive distillation unit, after heat recuperation, temperature is down to 150-200 DEG C further.
In step S250, the flue gas after waste heat recovery is as fluidized wind.Such as, the flue gas after waste heat recovery is sent into separation unit as fluidized wind.
In step S260, the steam that the heat carrying out waste heat recovery generation to flue gas produces is used as a part of heat source stream, carries out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.Such as, 400-600 DEG C of flue gases of discharging after heat exchange from destructive distillation unit enter flue gas waste heat recovery unit indirect heat exchange and produce steam.These steam send into drying unit as a part of heat source stream, carry out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.
In step S270, the hot semicoke that the brown coal sub-elected low-temperature pyrolysis produce carries out waste heat recovery.In step S280, using carrying out the steam of waste heat recovery generation to hot semicoke as a part of heat source stream, drying and dehydrating is carried out to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.Such as, the 550-600 DEG C of hot semicoke that destructive distillation unit bottom is discharged falls into cold burnt machine.Rare gas element (such as nitrogen) enters cold burnt equipment through recirculation blower, directly contacts with hot semicoke, and hot semicoke cools by high efficient heat exchanging, and the defocused rare gas element of cooling half enters semicoke waste heat recovery unit and produces steam.These steam send into drying unit as a part of heat source stream, carry out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.
Fig. 3 is the low-rank coal upgrading system of an embodiment according to the application.As shown in the figure, this system comprises drying unit 1, separation unit 2 and destructive distillation unit 3.Drying unit 1 carries out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent; Brown coal after the dehydration of separation unit 2 sorting drying are to remove coal dust; The brown coal that destructive distillation unit 3 low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects.
Such as, raw material brown coal are admitted to drying unit 1(such as steam rotary dryer through being crushed to after particle diameter is less than 13mm) in carry out drying and upgrading, brown coal moisture is removed to 8%.
Select as one, separation unit 2(is fluidized bed air separating device such as) utilize fluidized wind to carry out size classification to the brown coal after drying dehydration, the coal that wherein settling velocity is less than fluidising air velocity is removed as coal dust.Such as, the brown coal after drying and upgrading deliver to separation unit 2(such as fluidized bed air separating device through handling equipment) carry out size classification: the coal dust that particle diameter is less than 3mm is fluidized wind and carries secretly, then after dust removing units 5 is collected, enters coal powder formation unit 7; The coal grain that particle diameter is greater than 3mm is delivered in destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) through handling equipment and is carried out low-temperature pyrolysis.In assorting room, brown coal moisture is removed to 3%.
Granularity after fluidized bed air separating is that the brown coal of 3-13mm enter destructive distillation unit 3(such as external-heat multitube rotary stove), pyrolysis upgrading in the destructive distillation unit 3 that temperature is 450-600 DEG C, obtains semicoke and the raw gas containing tar after pyrolysis upgrading.The semicoke that destructive distillation unit 3 produces then enters dry coke quenching unit (not shown) and is cooled to about 220 DEG C, heat-eliminating medium is nitrogen, the heat that semicoke carries produces steam and as the heat source stream of part drying and upgrading unit after waste heat recovery unit (not shown) reclaims, the semicoke of being discharged by dry quenching system is carrying out water spray Passivation Treatment, obtains semicoke product.By produce after cracking upgrading containing the high temperature rough gas of tar by destructive distillation unit 3(such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) lead to gas purification (cooling) unit (not shown), carry out high-temperature dust removal, then cool, carry out gas-oil separation, by the time high-quality tar and high heating value gas.
Fig. 4 is the low-rank coal upgrading system of another embodiment according to the application.As shown in Figure 4.Except drying unit 1, separation unit 2 and destructive distillation unit 3, system also can comprise flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4 and semicoke waste heat recovery unit 5.Flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4 carries out waste heat recovery to the high-temperature flue gas with the brown coal indirect heat exchange sub-elected, and the flue gas after waste heat recovery sends into separation unit 2 as fluidized wind.The hot semicoke that the brown coal that the 5 pairs of low-temperature pyrolysis of semicoke waste heat recovery unit sub-elect produce carries out waste heat recovery, and steam waste heat recovery produced sends into drying unit 1 as a part of heat source stream.In addition, the steam that the heat that waste heat recovery produces produces also is used as a part of heat source stream and sends into drying unit 1 by flue gas waste heat recovery unit 5.
Such as, as shown in the figure, raw material brown coal are admitted to drying unit 1(such as steam rotary dryer through being crushed to after particle diameter is less than 13mm) in carry out drying and upgrading, brown coal moisture is removed to 8%.
Brown coal after drying and upgrading deliver to separation unit 2(such as fluidized bed air separating device through handling equipment) carry out size classification: the coal dust that particle diameter is less than 3mm is fluidized wind and carries secretly, then after dust removing units 5 is collected, enters coal powder formation unit 7; The coal grain that particle diameter is greater than 3mm is delivered in destructive distillation unit (such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) through handling equipment and is carried out low-temperature pyrolysis.In assorting room, brown coal moisture is removed to 3%.
Granularity after fluidized bed air separating is that the brown coal of 3-13mm enter destructive distillation unit 3(such as external-heat multitube rotary stove), pyrolysis upgrading in the destructive distillation unit 3 that temperature is 450-600 DEG C, semicoke and the raw gas containing tar is obtained after pyrolysis upgrading, wherein, the flow direction of high-temperature flue gas and coal dust can be set to following current or adverse current.The semicoke that destructive distillation unit 3 produces then enters dry coke quenching unit (be overall with semicoke waste heat recovery unit 5) and is cooled to about 220 DEG C, heat-eliminating medium is nitrogen, the heat that semicoke carries produces steam and as the heat source stream of part drying and upgrading unit after waste heat recovery unit (not shown) reclaims, the semicoke of being discharged by dry quenching system is carrying out water spray Passivation Treatment, obtains semicoke product.By produce after cracking upgrading containing the high temperature rough gas of tar by destructive distillation unit 3(such as external-heat multitube rotary stove) lead to gas purification (cooling) unit 9, carry out high-temperature dust removal, then cool, carry out gas-oil separation, by the time high-quality tar and high heating value gas.
After indirect heat exchange, flue-gas temperature is down to 400-600 DEG C, and enter flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4 after being discharged by destructive distillation unit 3, after heat recuperation, temperature is down to 150-200 DEG C further.Flue gas after waste heat recovery is sent into separation unit 2 as fluidized wind by flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4.Such as, 400-600 DEG C of flue gases of discharging after heat exchange from destructive distillation unit enter flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4 indirect heat exchange can produce steam.These steam are sent into drying unit 1 as a part of heat source stream by flue gas waste heat recovery unit 4, carry out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.
The 550-600 DEG C of hot semicoke of discharging bottom destructive distillation unit 3 falls into dry coke quenching unit (such as cold burnt machine, and be overall with semicoke waste heat recovery unit 5).Rare gas element (such as nitrogen) enters cold burnt machine through recirculation blower, directly contacts with hot semicoke, and hot semicoke cools by high efficient heat exchanging, and the defocused rare gas element of cooling half enters semicoke waste heat recovery unit 5 and produces steam.These steam are sent into drying unit 1 as a part of heat source stream by semicoke waste heat recovery unit 5, carry out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.
As can be seen from above, drying unit 1 adopts saturation steam as main heating source.Saturation steam enters in the vapour pipe of drying unit 1, carries out drying to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.The water of condensation formed in drying process discharges drying unit 1, enters condensate recovery system.After drying unit 1 normally runs, along with the moisture in coal is constantly separated out with the form of water vapour, the moisture evaporated is taken out of by overheated wetting vapour of taking, and is that liquid water enters condensate recovery system by cooling condensation.
By above-mentioned embodiment, the setting of pneumatic separation device makes the combination of drying unit and destructive distillation unit more flexible, adds the controllability of whole technique and optimizes the energy distribution of system.Avoid the disadvantageous effect of brown coal efflorescence to low-temperature pyrolysis to the full extent, improve the quality of tar.Widen the size range of carrying out upgrading raw coal, and due to without the need to carrying out strict screening to raw coal therefore having saved facility investment, decrease the hidden danger of dust pollution and spontaneous combustion simultaneously.
These are only the preferred implementation of the application; not thereby the scope of the claims of the application is limited; every utilize present specification and accompanying drawing content to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical field, be all in like manner included in the scope of patent protection of the application.
Claims (4)
1. a low-rank coal method for upgrading, comprising:
Drying and dehydrating is carried out to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent;
Brown coal after the dehydration of fluidized wind sorting drying are to remove coal dust; And
The particle diameter that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects is the brown coal of 3-13mm;
Brown coal after described fluidized wind sorting drying dehydration comprise with the step removing coal dust:
Utilize fluidized wind to carry out size classification to the brown coal after drying dehydration, wherein particle diameter is less than the brown coal of 3mm, and its settling velocity is less than fluidising air velocity, is fluidized wind and carries secretly, then after dust removing units is collected, enters coal powder formation unit, removes as coal dust;
The step of the brown coal that described low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects comprises:
Utilize high-temperature flue gas to the brown coal indirect heat exchange sub-elected;
Waste heat recovery is carried out to the flue gas after indirect heat exchange; And
Flue gas after waste heat recovery is as described fluidized wind.
2. the method for claim 1, the step of the brown coal that described low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects comprises:
The hot semicoke that the brown coal sub-elected low-temperature pyrolysis produce carries out waste heat recovery;
The step that the described brown coal to being crushed to predetermined extent carry out drying and dehydrating comprises:
The steam produced by the heat that flue gas carries out waste heat recovery generation is used as a part of heat source stream, carries out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent; And
Using carrying out the steam of waste heat recovery generation to hot semicoke as a part of heat source stream, drying and dehydrating is carried out to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent.
3. a system for low-rank coal upgrading, comprising:
Drying unit, carries out drying and dehydrating to the brown coal being crushed to predetermined extent;
Separation unit, the brown coal after the dehydration of fluidized wind sorting drying are to remove coal dust; And
Destructive distillation unit, the particle diameter that low-temperature pyrolysis sub-elects is the brown coal of 3-13mm;
Flue gas waste heat recovery unit, carries out waste heat recovery to the high-temperature flue gas with the brown coal indirect heat exchange sub-elected, and the flue gas after waste heat recovery sends into described separation unit as described fluidized wind;
Wherein, described separation unit utilizes fluidized wind to carry out size classification to the brown coal after drying dehydration, and wherein particle diameter is less than the brown coal of 3mm, and its settling velocity is less than fluidising air velocity, removes as coal dust.
4. system as claimed in claim 3, also comprises:
Semicoke waste heat recovery unit, the hot semicoke that the brown coal sub-elected low-temperature pyrolysis produce carries out waste heat recovery, and the steam that waste heat recovery produces is sent into described drying unit as a part of heat source stream; And
The steam that the heat that waste heat recovery produces produces also is used as a part of heat source stream and sends into described drying unit by described flue gas waste heat recovery unit; And
The brown coal being less than 3mm enter coal powder formation unit after dust removing units is collected.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103980912B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-04-27 | 长安大学 | A kind of brown coal method for destructive distillation and device |
| CN104531187A (en) * | 2014-12-29 | 2015-04-22 | 成都昊特新能源技术股份有限公司 | Method for preparing tar, coal gas and semi-coke by virtue of pyrolysis of bituminous coal |
| CN105509454A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-04-20 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | System and method for treating low-rank coal |
| CN105627725A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-06-01 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | System and method for processing low-rank coal |
| CN105537120B (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-11-03 | 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 | The system and method for handling low-order coal |
| CN105537121B (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2017-11-24 | 神雾科技集团股份有限公司 | The system and method for handling low-order coal |
| CN105570919A (en) * | 2016-01-27 | 2016-05-11 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | System and method for treating low-rank coal |
| CN105841473B (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2018-11-20 | 神木县三江煤化工有限责任公司 | A kind of raw coal dried, classified method and device thereof |
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