CN103419655B - Electric automobile, the dynamical system of electric automobile and battery heating means - Google Patents

Electric automobile, the dynamical system of electric automobile and battery heating means Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103419655B
CN103419655B CN201210160494.0A CN201210160494A CN103419655B CN 103419655 B CN103419655 B CN 103419655B CN 201210160494 A CN201210160494 A CN 201210160494A CN 103419655 B CN103419655 B CN 103419655B
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cells
heating
cell heater
temperature
electric automobile
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CN103419655A (en
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伍星驰
王洪军
谢世滨
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201210160494.0A priority Critical patent/CN103419655B/en
Priority to PCT/CN2013/076107 priority patent/WO2013174274A1/en
Publication of CN103419655A publication Critical patent/CN103419655A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/27—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by heating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443—Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615—Heating or keeping warm
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571—Resistive heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention provides the dynamical system of a kind of electric automobile, including set of cells, cell heater, battery manager, distribution box, motor, electric machine controller and isolation inductance.Wherein, cell heater is connected with set of cells；Battery manager is connected with set of cells and cell heater respectively, for heating for described set of cells with different heating powers compartment of terrain higher than control cell heater after parking power threshold lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value and dump energy in the temperature of set of cells；Distribution box is for being allocated the voltage of set of cells output；Electric machine controller is connected with motor and distribution box, has first input end, the second input and the pre-charging capacitor being connected between first input end and the second input；Isolation inductance needs to mate with described pre-charging capacitor.This dynamical system is capable of heating, and the efficiency of heating surface is high, cost is low, practical.The present invention also proposes the battery heating means of a kind of electric automobile and a kind of electric automobile.

Description

Electric automobile, the dynamical system of electric automobile and battery heating means
Technical field
The present invention relates to electric vehicle engineering field, particularly to battery heating means and the employing dynamical system of electric automobile of the method, a kind of electric automobile with this dynamical system of a kind of electric automobile.
Background technology
Development along with science and technology, new-energy automobile especially pure electric vehicle is as a kind of walking-replacing tool, entering each family just at leisure, user is particularly more and more higher to the requirement of comfortableness to the performance requirement of automobile, and this just requires that vehicle must adapt to different driving demands.But present stage most pure electric vehicle obviously cannot meet this requirement, particularly in cold winter, temperature is too low, the hydraulic performance decline of electrokinetic cell, no matter is on discharge capability, or all can decline to some extent in battery capacity, even can not use.Specifically, the general work temperature of electrokinetic cell especially lithium ion battery is-20 DEG C to 55 DEG C, and battery does not allow charging at low temperatures.When ambient temperature is too low, electric motor car internal cell there will be following problem: under (1) low temperature, and lithium ion, easily at cathode deposition, loses electroactive, in some instances it may even be possible to causes safety problem.Therefore, vehicle and battery bag often use at low temperatures, greatly can damage the battery bag life-span, there may be potential safety hazard time more serious.(2), under low temperature, during lithium ion battery charging, lithium ion, easily at cathode deposition, becomes dead lithium, and the capacity that battery can play is remarkably decreased, and in the process continued on, these lithium deposition are more long more big, in some instances it may even be possible to causes internal short-circuit, causes potential safety hazard.This is the reason that vehicle can not charge (including feedback) at low temperatures.(3) under low temperature, the discharge capability of battery is limited, is unfavorable for driving.These problems pure electric vehicle for bragging about new forms of energy environmental protection, thing very awkward beyond doubt.Therefore the cry of the electrokinetic cell heat protocol that could alter that this awkward situation is more and more higher.
Battery heat protocol is a kind of very important technology in pure electric automobile field.The quality of battery heating strategy and the quality of cell heater performance directly influence the comfortableness of automobile, operational stability and safety.At present, there is a lot of new technique to start to apply to accumulator heating and come up, but due to the performance deficiency of self, do not used widely at automotive field.As at outside batteries lag, being thermally shielded warming by insulation material, but this simply plays effect of heat insulation, does not play the effect of heating；Also having is exactly use infrared radiation diaphragm to heat to battery, then at outside batteries lag, to play insulation effect；Or in the battery additional heat patch of outer surface etc..These schemes are mostly utilize outside huge firing equipment and power supply to heat to battery, and therefore these schemes are appropriate only for the example that battery location is fixing.It addition, use external power source to make the battery heating of pure electric automobile have limitation, it is not suitable for the unfixed automobile in position.Therefore, these heating techniques are not applied widely on pure electric automobile.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is intended at least solve one of above-mentioned technological deficiency.
For this, first purpose of the present invention is in that to propose the dynamical system of a kind of electric automobile, this system is without additional power source, heating institute subfam. Spiraeoideae is provided by self power battery completely, greatly reducing the restriction that electric automobile uses at low temperature environment, the efficiency of heating surface is also high and less costly, practical.Second purpose of the present invention is in that to propose a kind of electric automobile with above-mentioned dynamical system.Another object of the present invention also resides in the battery heating means proposing a kind of electric automobile.
For reaching above-mentioned purpose, the embodiment of first aspect present invention discloses the dynamical system of a kind of electric automobile, including: set of cells；Cell heater, described cell heater is connected with described set of cells, and described cell heater is configured to described set of cells carry out discharge and recharge so that described set of cells to be heated；Battery manager, described battery manager is connected with described set of cells and described cell heater respectively, after being higher than parking power threshold in the temperature of described set of cells lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells, temperature according to described set of cells controls described cell heater and heat for described set of cells with different power, and to control described cell heater compartment of terrain further be that described set of cells heats；Distribution box, described distribution box is allocated for the voltage that described set of cells is exported；Motor；Electric machine controller, described electric machine controller is connected with described motor and described distribution box respectively, and described electric machine controller has first input end, the second input and the pre-charging capacitor being connected between described first input end and the second input, described electric machine controller is that described motor is powered for the voltage distributed according to control instruction and described distribution box；And isolation inductance, described isolation inductance connection is between described set of cells and described distribution box, and the inductance of described isolation inductance mates with the described pre-charging capacitor of described electric machine controller.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, utilizes the electrokinetic cell heavy-current discharge in set of cells on car, and battery self internal resistance is generated heat, and reaches to the purpose of set of cells heating.This dynamical system is without additional power source, heating institute subfam. Spiraeoideae is provided by the electrokinetic cell of set of cells own completely, it is heated managing to set of cells by battery manager and cell heater, greatly reduce the restriction that electric automobile uses at low temperature environment, client can be met and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.Additionally, electrokinetic cell is directly heated by this dynamical system, the efficiency of heating surface is higher, less costly, practical.
The embodiment of second aspect present invention discloses a kind of electric automobile, including the dynamical system of above-mentioned electric automobile.This vehicle in the cold normal traveling in area, and can be able to be driven a vehicle, while set of cells is heated, thus ensureing safety driving smoothly.
The embodiment of third aspect present invention discloses the battery heating means of a kind of electric automobile, comprises the following steps:
Detect the temperature of described set of cells and the dump energy of described set of cells；
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than parking power threshold lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells, then described battery manager controls described cell heater according to the temperature of described set of cells and heat for described set of cells with different power, and to control described cell heater compartment of terrain further be that described set of cells heats；
If the temperature of described set of cells is lower than the dump energy of described first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells lower than described parking power threshold, then described battery manager sends the prompting forbidden the heating of described electric automobile, travel or charge；
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than described first heating-up temperature threshold value, then described battery manager controls the main contactor Guan Bi in described distribution box.
The battery heating means of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, pure electric automobile can be made not against external power source to realize the heating to set of cells electrokinetic cell, battery pack temperature is made to rise to temperature required, set of cells is used according still further to normal electric discharge and charging strategy, greatly reduce the restriction that electric automobile uses at low temperature environment, client can be met and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.Meanwhile, the method for the embodiment of the present invention adopts the mode at interval to be in time heated, and namely heating a period of time stops a period of time, so periodically set of cells is heated, and alleviates the impact of big current versus cell group, improves the service life of set of cells.Additionally, adopt different power to heat always according to set of cells real time temperature difference, controlling more fine, make the performance of set of cells be not fully exerted, safety is improved.
Aspect and advantage that the present invention adds will part provide in the following description, and part will become apparent from the description below, or is recognized by the practice of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The present invention above-mentioned and/or that add aspect and advantage will be apparent from easy to understand from the following description of the accompanying drawings of embodiments, wherein:
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the dynamical system of electric automobile according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the dynamical system of electric automobile in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the electrical schematic diagram of the dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the electrical connection schematic diagram of the dynamical system of electric automobile in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is the electrical connection schematic diagram of the dynamical system of electric automobile according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 6 be electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention dynamical system in the structural representation of distribution box；
Fig. 7 is the flow chart of the battery heating means of electric automobile according to an embodiment of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the flow chart of the battery heating means of electric automobile in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 9 is the further flow chart of the battery heating means of electric automobile according to an embodiment of the invention；
Figure 10 is the further flow chart of the battery heating means of electric automobile in accordance with another embodiment of the present invention；With
Figure 11 is the overview flow chart of the battery heating means of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
Being described below in detail embodiments of the invention, the example of described embodiment is shown in the drawings, and wherein same or similar label represents same or similar element or has the element of same or like function from start to finish.The embodiment described below with reference to accompanying drawing is illustrative of, and is only used for explaining the present invention, and is not construed as limiting the claims.
In describing the invention, it will be appreciated that, term " longitudinal direction ", " transverse direction ", " on ", D score, "front", "rear", "left", "right", " vertically ", " level ", " top ", " end " " interior ", the orientation of the instruction such as " outward " or position relationship be based on orientation shown in the drawings or position relationship, it is for only for ease of the description present invention and simplifies description, rather than instruction or hint indication device or element must have specific orientation, with specific azimuth configuration and operation, be therefore not considered as limiting the invention.
In describing the invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise prescribed and limit, term " installation ", " being connected ", " connection " should be interpreted broadly, for instance, can be mechanically connected or electrical connection, can also be the connection of two element internals, it is possible to be joined directly together, it is also possible to be indirectly connected to by intermediary, for the ordinary skill in the art, it is possible to understand the concrete meaning of above-mentioned term as the case may be.
With reference to as explained below and accompanying drawing, it will be clear that these and other aspects of embodiments of the invention.Describe at these and in accompanying drawing, specifically disclose some particular implementation in embodiments of the invention, representing some modes of the principle implementing embodiments of the invention, but it is to be understood that the scope of embodiments of the invention is not limited.On the contrary, all changes within the scope of embodiments of the invention include falling into attached claims spirit and intension, amendment and equivalent.
The dynamical system of the electric automobile of embodiment according to a first aspect of the present invention is described referring to Fig. 1 to Figure 10.
Seeing figures.1.and.2, the dynamical system of this electric automobile includes: set of cells 101, cell heater 102, battery manager 103, distribution box 104, motor 105, electric machine controller 106 and isolation inductance L2.Wherein, cell heater 102 is connected with set of cells 101, and cell heater 102 is configured to set of cells 101 is carried out discharge and recharge so that set of cells to be heated.Battery manager 103 is connected with cell heater 102 by CAN line 107, is connected with set of cells 101 also by line 108 of sampling simultaneously, has and battery carries out temperature sampling, voltage sample, set of cells 101 exports the function of current sample.In addition, battery manager 103 also have judge electric automobile current vehicle condition, calculate the temperature of set of cells 101 and dump energy function, and relevant electric device can be sent to by 107 control signals of CAN line, to realize the function management to each related device.Specifically, battery manager 103 for the temperature in set of cells 101 lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, and the dump energy of set of cells 101 is higher than after parking power threshold, temperature according to set of cells controls cell heater and heats for set of cells with different power, and control cell heater compartment of terrain is set of cells heating further.Distribution box 104 is the high tension apparatus of a big electric current of break-make, the purpose that the voltage of set of cells 101 output is allocated by battery manager 103 by sending control signal to reach to distribution box 104.Electric machine controller 106 is connected with motor 105 and distribution box 104 respectively, and electric machine controller 106 has first input end, the second input and a pre-charging capacitor C2 being connected between first input end and the second input, electric machine controller 106 is for being that motor 105 is powered according to control instruction and distribution box 104 for the voltage that electric machine controller distributes.Specifically, electric machine controller 106 become motor 105 by the DC inverter that its internal drive circuit provides set of cells 101 needed for three-phase alternating current to power to motor 105, and the control signal that can send according to battery manager 103, it is achieved the control to motor.Isolation inductance L2 is connected between set of cells 101 and distribution box 104, and the pre-charging capacitor C2 of the inductance of isolation inductance L2 and electric machine controller matches.
In one embodiment of the invention, cell heater is additionally operable to carry out fault self-checking and testing result is sent to battery manager.
Specifically, as it is shown on figure 3, cell heater includes: first switch module the 301, first electric capacity C1, the first inductance L1 and second switch module 302.Wherein, one end of the first switch module 301 is connected with the first electrode of set of cells 101 and isolation inductance L2 respectively；One end of first electric capacity C1 is connected with the other end of the first switch module 301, and the other end of the first electric capacity C1 is connected with the second electrode of set of cells 101；Node between one end of first inductance L1 with the first switch module 301 and the first electric capacity C1 is connected；One end of second switch module 302 is connected with the other end of the first inductance L1, and the other end of second switch module 302 is connected with the second electrode of set of cells 101.First switch module 301 is all connected with battery manager 103 with the control end of second switch module 302, when set of cells 101 is heated, battery manager 103 sends a signal to cell heater 102, cell heater 102 controls the first switch module 301 and second switch module 302 sequentially turns on to be sequentially generated charging current and discharge current in above-mentioned set of cells, and second switch module 302 is closed when the first switch module 301 turns on, when second switch module 302 turns on, the first switch module 301 is closed.
Further, as it is shown on figure 3, ESR is set of cells equivalent internal resistance in set of cells 101, ESL is set of cells equivalent inductance, and E is battery bag.L2 is isolation inductance, and for by isolated for battery heater circuit Part2 and motor equivalent load circuit Part5, the counter voltage of such set of cells 101 is just isolated inductance L2 and is absorbed, and will not be added to successive load.C2 is pre-charging capacitor, and R is motor equivalent load.During cell heater work, its internal switch module is according to certain sequential Guan Bi and turns off.
In an example of the present invention, as it is shown on figure 3, switch module can be IGBT(InsulatedGateBipolarTransistor, insulated gate bipolar transistor).At the heating start time, internal component is inductance such as, electric capacity is all in original state, do not store energy, cell heater workflow includes: (1) IGBT1 turns on, when IGBT2 turns off, first electric capacity C1 is charged by battery bag E by loop " C1-D1-ESL-ESR-E-C1 ", after charging proceeds to a period of time, the voltage at the first electric capacity C1 two ends is equal with the voltage of battery bag E, but owing to circuit existing inductive element, the first electric capacity C1 is made to continue charging, first electric capacity C1 both end voltage is higher than battery bag E voltage, when charging current is zero, first electric capacity C1 starts electric discharge, now discharge loop is " C1-D1-ESL-ESR-E-C1 ", until discharge current is zero.(2) IGBT1 turns off, and when IGBT2 turns on, the first electric capacity C1 continues electric discharge.Wherein there is discharge loop for " C1-D2-L1-IGBT2-C1 ".Due to the existence of the first inductance L1, the first electric capacity C1 continues electric discharge, makes the first electric capacity C1 both end voltage lower than battery bag E voltage.So repeat said process.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, when the first switch module 301 turns on, if being added without isolation inductance L2, then the first electric capacity C1 is charged by pre-charging capacitor C2 by the first switch module 301, charging current is by anti-decision total in loop, causing the first electric capacity C1 current waveform uncontrollable, heater circuit characteristic is changed, thus causing circuit cisco unity malfunction.Therefore, when motor 105 works with cell heater 102 simultaneously, isolation inductance L2 need to be added.
In one embodiment of the invention, the inductance value L isolating inductance L2 determines according to below equation:Wherein, T is the equivalent load working cycle of motor, and C is the capacitance of pre-charging capacitor C2.
In one embodiment of the invention, cell heater 102 also includes power connectors, is used for connecting and fixing power line 109.This power connectors needs to meet anti-eddy current requirement, and owing to cell heater 102 current during operation change frequency is very fast, causes the magnetic permeable material temperature rise within power connectors quickly, and therefore the pcrmeability of power connectors is low.Additionally, cell heater 102 also includes a low pressure connector, for being attached and communication with external system, including being used for connecting the CAN line 107 of battery manager 103 and self-test signal line and fault-signal line.
With reference to Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, in one embodiment of the invention, isolation inductance L2 is placed on cell heater 102 inside.As shown in Figure 4, cell heater 102 is internal includes isolation inductance L2, insurance 401 and heater self electricity consumption device.Additionally, cell heater 102 also includes four power connectors, two of which is connected with set of cells 101 by power line 109, and two other power connectors is connected with distribution box 104 by power line 109, as shown in Figure 2.In one embodiment of the invention, power connectors is used for top and the end of high-voltage wiring harness.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, it is internal that isolation inductance L2 is arranged on cell heater 102, and its advantage is when not needing battery heating, can pull down whole for cell heater 102, directly make distribution box 104 be connected with set of cells 101.At the higher local electric automobile of temperature without external battery heater, and in cold place, then cell heater is installed, therefore when automobile development without doing too many change for adapting to sales territory, greatly facilitates saving cost.
With reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 5, in another embodiment of the present invention, isolation inductance L2 also can be placed in distribution box 104 inside.It is understood that isolation inductance L2 no matter is located in cell heater or in distribution box, it is all between set of cells and distribution box.As shown in Figure 1, not having power line to connect between distribution box 104 and cell heater 102, specifically, set of cells 101 includes four power connectors, it is connected with distribution box 104 by two power lines 112, is connected with cell heater 102 again through other two power lines 112.However, it is desirable to increase a relay 501, as the on-off system of isolation inductance L2, as shown in Figure 5.It is parallel relationship between cell heater 102 and distribution box 104.Additionally, insurance 401 is arranged on set of cells 101 inside.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, it is internal that isolation inductance L2 is arranged on distribution box 104, and its advantage is that suffered by distribution box 104, the impact of cell heater 102 greatly reduces.Additionally, when battery heats, 501, relay isolation inductance L2 accesses circuit；When battery does not heat, 501, relay isolation inductance L2 removes circuit.
In one embodiment of the invention, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the cell heater 102 in the dynamical system of electric automobile also includes cooling package 110, for the first switch module 301 in cell heater 102 and second switch module 302 are cooled down.
In one embodiment of the invention, cooling package 110 farther includes the air channel being arranged in cell heater and the fan being arranged on one end, air channel.Cell heater adopts fan to dispel the heat.
In another embodiment of the present invention, cooling package 110 farther includes to be arranged in cell heater cooling passage and the cooling liquid inlet being arranged on cell heater and cooling liquid outlet.
Adopt coolant to carry out the cell heater dispelled the heat, good heat dissipation effect, and sealing property is excellent.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 6, the distribution box 104 in the dynamical system of electric automobile farther includes: main contactor 601 and preliminary filling catalyst 602.Wherein, main contactor 601 for distributing the electrical equipment to electric automobile by the output voltage of distribution box 104 under the control of battery manager 103, such as motor 105 etc..The first input end 603 of preliminary filling catalyst 602 and electric machine controller 106 and the second input 604 one of them be connected, in the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 6, preliminary filling catalyst 602 is connected with first input end 603.It is understood that preliminary filling catalyst 602 can also be connected with the second input 604 in other examples.Preliminary filling catalyst 602 is for, under the control of battery manager 103, before electric machine controller 106 controls motor 105 startup, charging for pre-charging capacitor C2.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the dump energy (being alternatively referred to as state-of-charge SOC, StateOfCharge) of set of cells is higher than driving power threshold, it is allowed to electric automobile enters driving heating mode, wherein, driving power threshold is higher than above-mentioned parking power threshold.
Driving heating specifically refers to except cell heater heats to set of cells, and other high voltage electric equipment of electric automobile also can work simultaneously, for instance motor, air-conditioning etc., but motor and air-conditioning can by limit Power operations.Accordingly, parking heating refers to that other high voltage electric equipment of electric automobile does not work except cell heater heats to set of cells, for instance during heater work, the high pressure electrical equipment such as motor, air-conditioning does not work.Correspondingly, driving power threshold refers to and allows electric automobile to enter the dump energy of set of cells during driving heating mode, and the electricity that stops refers to and allows electric automobile to enter the dump energy of set of cells during parking heating mode.
Specifically, as it is shown in fig. 7, when any one of following condition meets, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out driving heating:
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the first temperature threshold and lower than the second temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the first power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the second temperature threshold and lower than the 3rd temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the second power threshold, wherein, the second power threshold is lower than the first power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 3rd temperature threshold and lower than the 4th temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than three power threshold, wherein, the 3rd power threshold is lower than the second power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 4th temperature threshold and lower than the 5th temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than four power threshold, wherein, the 4th power threshold is lower than the 3rd power threshold.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the 3rd temperature threshold, the 4th temperature threshold, the 5th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively, and the first power threshold, the second power threshold, the 3rd power threshold, the 4th power threshold can be 30%, 27.5%, 25%, the 22.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, specifically, battery manager judges that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 9th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 8th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out driving heating；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 8th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 7th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out driving heating；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 7th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 6th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out driving heating；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 6th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 5th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out driving heating.Wherein, the 7th temperature threshold is higher than the 6th temperature threshold, and the 8th temperature threshold is higher than the 7th temperature threshold, and the 9th temperature threshold is higher than the 8th temperature threshold；6th power threshold is lower than the 5th power threshold, and the 7th power threshold is lower than the 6th power threshold, and the 8th power threshold is lower than the 7th power threshold.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8,6th temperature threshold, the 7th temperature threshold, the 8th temperature threshold, the 9th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C respectively, and the 5th power threshold, the 6th power threshold, the 7th power threshold, the 8th power threshold can be 30%, 27.5%, 25%, the 22.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
In one embodiment of the invention, when the dump energy of set of cells lower than above-mentioned driving power threshold and higher than above-mentioned parking power threshold time, it is allowed to electric automobile enter parking heating mode.
Specifically, as it is shown in fig. 7, when any one of following condition meets, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out heating of stopping:
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the tenth temperature threshold and lower than the 11st temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than nine power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 11st temperature threshold and lower than the 12nd temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than ten power threshold, wherein, the tenth power threshold is lower than the 9th power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 12nd temperature threshold and lower than the 13rd temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than 11 power threshold, wherein, the 11st power threshold is lower than the tenth power threshold；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 13rd temperature threshold and lower than the 14th temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than 12 power threshold, wherein, the 12nd power threshold is lower than the 11st power threshold.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, tenth temperature threshold, the 11st temperature threshold, the 12nd temperature threshold, the 13rd temperature threshold, the 14th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively, and the 9th power threshold, the tenth power threshold, the 11st power threshold, the 12nd power threshold can be 20%, 17.5%, 15%, the 12.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, specifically, battery manager judges that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 18th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 16th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out heating of stopping；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 17th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 15th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out heating of stopping；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 16th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 14th power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out heating of stopping；If it is not, battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 15th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 13rd power threshold, then battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells carries out heating of stopping.Wherein, the 16th temperature threshold is higher than the 15th temperature threshold, and the 17th temperature threshold is higher than the 16th temperature threshold, and the 18th temperature threshold is higher than the 17th temperature threshold；14th power threshold is lower than the 13rd power threshold, and the 15th power threshold is lower than the 14th power threshold, and the 16th power threshold is lower than the 15th power threshold.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8,15th temperature threshold, the 16th temperature threshold, the 17th temperature threshold, the 18th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C respectively, and the 13rd power threshold, the 14th power threshold, the 15th power threshold, the 16th power threshold can be 20%, 17.5%, 15%, the 12.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, battery manager can control cell heater to drive a vehicle heating mode or set of cells is heated by parking heating mode by the real time temperature of set of cells and dump energy, control accuracy is thinner, it is easy to accomplish.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 9, battery manager is additionally operable to after controlling cell heater and set of cells is heated, if driver presses heat button again, and keep a Preset Time, then judge whether the operation again pressing heat button meets pre-conditioned, if it is determined that meet, then according to the temperature of set of cells and dump energy, electric automobile and/or cell heater are controlled further.Specifically, if the temperature of set of cells is lower than the 19th temperature threshold, then battery manager sends the prompting forbidden electric automobile heating, travel or charge；If the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 19th temperature threshold, then battery manager control cell heater stops set of cells being heated.Saying further, if the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 19th temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 17th power threshold, then battery manager sends the prompting forbidden electric automobile heating, travel or charge；And if the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 17th power threshold, and the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 19th temperature threshold, then battery manager allows electric automobile limit power to travel.
In an example of the present invention, as it is shown in figure 9, the 19th temperature threshold can be-20 DEG C, the 17th power threshold can be the 25% of the total electricity of set of cells.
In one embodiment of the invention, battery manager is additionally operable to judge whether the current throttle change in depth speed of electric automobile has reached predetermined threshold value, and when judging to reach predetermined threshold value, controlling cell heater to stop set of cells being heated, set of cells powers only to electric automobile during traveling and vehicular electrical appliance.It is understood that throttle change in depth speed is the throttle change in depth value according to electric automobile within a certain period of time and determines, say, that according to the change of the throttle degree of depth within a certain period of time, driver controls whether cell heater is heated set of cells.In an example of the present invention, if electric automobile goes up a slope or anxious accelerator is over, battery manager controls cell heater and continues set of cells is heated；If also do not terminated, then controlling cell heater and stop set of cells being heated, set of cells powers only to electric automobile during traveling and vehicular electrical appliance.
In one embodiment of the invention, as shown in Figure 10, battery manager is also used for judging whether reach the first Preset Time (T1) heat time heating time, and when judging to reach the first Preset Time, controls cell heater and stop set of cells being heated.Meanwhile, battery manager is additionally operable to, after controlling cell heater and stopping set of cells being heated, calculate dwell time, and when dwell time reaches the second Preset Time (T2), be again started up cell heater and set of cells is heated.
In yet another embodiment of the present invention, set of cells, for the output of cell heater being adjusted according to the real time temperature of set of cells, is heated entering different heating procedures by battery manager.Specifically, as shown in Figure 10, when the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold lower than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value higher than the 3rd, battery manager controls cell heater and with the first power, set of cells is heated；When the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold higher than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value lower than the 5th, battery manager controls cell heater and with the second power, set of cells is heated；When the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold lower than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value higher than the 5th, battery manager controls cell heater and with the 3rd power, set of cells is heated；When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value lower than the 7th heating-up temperature threshold value, battery manager controls cell heater and with the 4th power, set of cells is heated.In an example of the present invention, the 3rd heating temperature threshold, the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value, the 5th heating temperature threshold, the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value, the 7th heating-up temperature threshold value can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively.
The dynamical system of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, utilizes set of cells heavy-current discharge on car, and electrokinetic cell self internal resistance is generated heat, and reaches to the purpose of set of cells heating.This dynamical system is without additional power source, heating institute subfam. Spiraeoideae is provided by set of cells own completely, it is heated managing to set of cells by battery manager and cell heater, greatly reduce the restriction that electric automobile uses at low temperature environment, and it is capable of the heating of driving limit, electric automobile limit, can can meet electric automobile limit Power operation while battery heats, meet client and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.Additionally, battery is directly heated by this dynamical system, the efficiency of heating surface is higher, less costly, practical, it is easy to carry out industrialization.
The embodiment of second aspect present invention discloses a kind of electric automobile, including the dynamical system of above-mentioned electric automobile.This vehicle in the cold normal traveling in area, and can be able to be driven a vehicle, while set of cells is heated, thus ensureing safety driving smoothly.
The battery heating means of the electric automobile of embodiment according to a second aspect of the present invention are described referring to Fig. 7 to Figure 11.
As shown in figure 11, the battery heating means of electric automobile comprise the following steps:
Step S1101: the temperature of detection set of cells and the dump energy of set of cells；
Step S1102: when the temperature of set of cells is higher than parking power threshold lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and set of cells, battery manager controls cell heater according to the temperature of set of cells and heats for set of cells with different power, and control cell heater compartment of terrain is set of cells heating further；
Step S1103: when the temperature of set of cells lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and set of cells lower than parking power threshold time, battery manager sends to be forbidden electric automobile heating, travels or the prompting of charging；
Step S1104: when the temperature of set of cells is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, the main contactor Guan Bi in battery manager distribution control box.
Specifically, in one embodiment of the invention, as it is shown in fig. 7, the battery heating means of electric automobile comprise the following steps:
Step S701: ON electricity on car load.
Step S702: whether detection battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.The temperature of set of cells in battery manager detection car, if battery pack temperature is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, then set of cells need not heat, and performs step S703；If lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, then needing the electricity of detection set of cells, perform step S704.
Step S703: the main contactor Guan Bi in battery manager distribution control box.Before main contactor adhesive, battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, adhesive main contactor.
Step S704: battery manager is different with dump energy according to the temperature of set of cells, it may be judged whether meet heating and driving condition.Specifically, if the dump energy of set of cells is higher than driving power threshold, it is allowed to electric automobile enters driving heating mode；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than driving power threshold and higher than parking power threshold, it is allowed to electric automobile enters parking heating mode.Wherein, driving power threshold is higher than parking power threshold.
Step S705: whether be driving heating.If so, battery manager needs to calculate further temperature and the dump energy of set of cells, performs step S706；If it is not, then perform step S707.
Step S706 includes:
When the temperature of set of cells is lower than the first temperature threshold, the temperature that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the first temperature threshold and lower than the second temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the first power threshold, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells is heated, and performs next step S710；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the first power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the second temperature threshold and lower than the 3rd temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the second power threshold time, battery manager control cell heater set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the second power threshold is lower than the first power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the second power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 3rd temperature threshold and lower than the 4th temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than three power threshold time, battery manager control cell heater set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the 3rd power threshold is lower than the second power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 3rd power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 4th temperature threshold and lower than the 5th temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than four power threshold time, battery manager control cell heater set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the 4th power threshold is lower than the 3rd power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 4th power threshold, then perform step S709.
Step 707: heating of stopping.Perform next step S708.
Step S708 includes:
When the temperature of set of cells is lower than ten temperature thresholds, the temperature that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the tenth temperature threshold and lower than the 11st temperature threshold, and when the dump energy of set of cells is higher than nine power threshold, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells is heated, and performs next step S710；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 9th power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 11st temperature threshold and lower than the 12nd temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than ten power threshold time, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the tenth power threshold is lower than the 9th power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the tenth power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 12nd temperature threshold and lower than the 13rd temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than 11 power threshold time, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the 11st power threshold is lower than the tenth power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 11st power threshold, then perform step S709.
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 13rd temperature threshold and lower than the 14th temperature threshold, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than 12 power threshold time, battery manager controls cell heater and set of cells is heated, perform next step S710, wherein, the 12nd power threshold is lower than the 11st power threshold；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 12nd power threshold, then perform step S709.
Step S709: the dump energy that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S710: before heating, whether cell heater self-inspection has fault.If fault-free, then heating is normally carried out, and performs step S711；If there being fault, perform step S712.
Step S711: set of cells is heated.In heating process, also need to perform step S713.
Step S712: cell heater fault, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S713: whether heating system self-inspection has fault.If fault-free, then heating is normally carried out, and performs step S714；If there being fault, perform step S715.
Step S714: whether heating completes.If completing, then send CAN message to cell heater, allow cell heater quit work, perform step S716；If not completing, perform step S711.
Step S715: heating system malfunction, stops set of cells being heated.
Step S716: heating terminates.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7, first heating-up temperature threshold value can be-10 DEG C, first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the 3rd temperature threshold, the 4th temperature threshold, the 5th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively, and the first power threshold, the second power threshold, the 3rd power threshold, the 4th power threshold can be 30%, 27.5%, 25%, the 22.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively；Tenth temperature threshold, the 11st temperature threshold, the 12nd temperature threshold, the 13rd temperature threshold, the 14th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively, and the 9th power threshold, the tenth power threshold, the 11st power threshold, the 12nd power threshold can be 20%, 17.5%, 15%, the 12.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, specifically, the battery heating means of electric automobile can also comprise the following steps:
Step S801: ON electricity on car load.
Step S802: whether detection battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.The temperature of set of cells in battery manager detection car, if battery pack temperature is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, then set of cells need not heat, and performs step S803；If lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, then needing the electricity of detection set of cells, perform step S804.
Step S803: the main contactor Guan Bi in battery manager distribution control box.Before main contactor adhesive, battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, adhesive main contactor.
Step S804: battery manager is different with dump energy according to the temperature of set of cells, it may be judged whether meet heating and driving condition.Specifically, if the dump energy of set of cells is higher than driving power threshold, it is allowed to electric automobile enters driving heating mode；If the dump energy of set of cells is lower than driving power threshold and higher than parking power threshold, it is allowed to electric automobile enters parking heating mode.Wherein, driving power threshold is higher than parking power threshold.
Step S805: whether be driving heating.If so, battery manager needs to calculate further temperature and the dump energy of set of cells, performs step S806；If it is not, then perform step S807.
Step S806 includes:
Battery manager judges that the temperature of set of cells is whether higher than the 9th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 8th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 8th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 8th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 7th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 7th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 7th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 6th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 6th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 6th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 5th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 5th power threshold, then perform step S809；If the temperature of set of cells is lower than the 6th temperature threshold, the temperature that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.Wherein, the 7th temperature threshold is higher than the 6th temperature threshold, and the 8th temperature threshold is higher than the 7th temperature threshold, and the 9th temperature threshold is higher than the 8th temperature threshold；6th power threshold is lower than the 5th power threshold, and the 7th power threshold is lower than the 6th power threshold, and the 8th power threshold is lower than the 7th power threshold.
Step 807: heating of stopping.Perform next step S808.
Step S808 includes:
Battery manager judges that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 18th temperature threshold, if so, and the dump energy of set of cells higher than the 16th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 16th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 17th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 15th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 15th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 16th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 14th power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 14th power threshold, then perform step S809；If it is not, battery manager determines whether that whether the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 15th temperature threshold, if, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than the 13rd power threshold, then perform next step S810, if the dump energy of set of cells is lower than the 13rd power threshold, then perform step S809；If the temperature of set of cells is lower than the 15th temperature threshold, the temperature that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.Wherein, the 16th temperature threshold is higher than the 15th temperature threshold, and the 17th temperature threshold is higher than the 16th temperature threshold, and the 18th temperature threshold is higher than the 17th temperature threshold；14th power threshold is lower than the 13rd power threshold, and the 15th power threshold is lower than the 14th power threshold, and the 16th power threshold is lower than the 15th power threshold.
Step S809: the dump energy that battery manager sends information to instrument display set of cells is too low, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S810: before heating, whether cell heater self-inspection has fault.If fault-free, then heating is normally carried out, and performs step S811；If there being fault, perform step S812.
Step S811: set of cells is heated.In heating process, also need to perform step S813.
Step S812: cell heater fault, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S813: whether heating system self-inspection has fault.If fault-free, then heating is normally carried out, and performs step S814；If there being fault, perform step S815.
Step S814: whether heating completes.If completing, then send CAN message to cell heater, allow cell heater quit work, perform step S816；If not completing, perform step S811.
Step S815: heating system malfunction, stops set of cells being heated.
Step S816: heating terminates.
In an example of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, first heating-up temperature threshold value can be-10 DEG C, 6th temperature threshold, the 7th temperature threshold, the 8th temperature threshold, the 9th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C respectively, and the 5th power threshold, the 6th power threshold, the 7th power threshold, the 8th power threshold can be 30%, 27.5%, 25%, the 22.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively；15th temperature threshold, the 16th temperature threshold, the 17th temperature threshold, the 18th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C respectively, and the 13rd power threshold, the 14th power threshold, the 15th power threshold, the 16th power threshold can be 20%, 17.5%, 15%, the 12.5% of the total electricity of set of cells respectively.
The battery heating means of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, battery manager can control cell heater to drive a vehicle heating mode or set of cells is heated by parking heating mode by the real time temperature of set of cells and dump energy, control accuracy is thinner, it is easy to accomplish.
In one embodiment of the invention, as it is shown in figure 9, further, the battery heating means of electric automobile comprise the following steps:
Step S901: ON electricity on car load.
Step S902: the temperature of detection set of cells and dump energy.
Step S903: battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, controls adhesive main contactor.Car load travels by normal strategy.Specifically, the preliminary filling catalyst Guan Bi in battery manager distribution control box is charged for pre-charging capacitor, and turns off preliminary filling catalyst after pre-charging capacitor is charged.
Step S904: whether battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S905；If it is not, then perform step S903.
Step S905: whether battery manager calculates electricity higher than driving power threshold.If it is, perform step S907；If it is not, then perform step S906.
Step S906: whether battery manager calculates electricity higher than parking power threshold.If it is, perform step S907；If it is not, then perform step S908.Wherein, driving power threshold is higher than parking power threshold.
Step S907: user is confirmed whether to need heating.If it is, perform step S909；If it is not, then perform step S910.
Step S908: it is too low that battery manager sends information to instrument display battery electric quantity, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S909: before heating, whether cell heater self-inspection exists fault.If it is, perform step S911；If it is not, then perform step S912.
Step S910: battery manager sends information to instrument display user and do not allow heating, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S911: battery manager stops providing power supply to cell heater and sending message, and photos and sending messages shows " heating system malfunction " to instrument, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S912: battery manager sends heating signal to cell heater, begins to warm up.
Step S913: battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, after controlling adhesive main contactor, enters car load heating, and heating system detects oneself state always.Specifically, battery manager receives the enabled instruction of driver's input of electric automobile, calculates the current electric quantity of set of cells, and calculates the maximum allowable output of set of cells and limit power to travel according to maximum allowable output power electric automobile.
Step S914: whether user presses heat button, and keeps Preset Time.If it is, perform step S915；If it is not, then perform step S920.In an example of the present invention, Preset Time can be 2 seconds.
Step S915: whether the temperature of set of cells is lower than the 19th temperature threshold.If it is, perform step S916；If it is not, then perform step S917.
Step S916: car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S917: whether the electricity of set of cells is higher than the 17th power threshold.If it is, perform step S918；If it is not, then perform step S919.
Step S918: allow electric automobile limit power to travel.
Step S919: battery manager sends information to instrument display user and stops heating, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S920: heating system whether fault in heating process.If it is, perform step S921；If it is not, then perform step S922.
Step S921: cell heater quits work, instrument display alarm.Car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S922: whether battery pack temperature is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S925；If it is not, then perform step S923.
Step S923: whether single battery temperature is higher than the second heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S925；If it is not, then perform step S924.
Step S924: whether continuous heating exceedes threshold value heat time heating time.If it is, perform step S925；If it is not, then perform step S913.
Step S925: heated, cell heater quits work.
In an example of the present invention, first heating-up temperature threshold value can be-10 DEG C, and the second heating-up temperature threshold value can be 20 DEG C, and the 19th temperature threshold can be-20 DEG C, 17th power threshold can be the 25% of the total electricity of set of cells, and heat time heating time, threshold value can be 20 minutes.
In another embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 10, further, the battery heating means of electric automobile can also comprise the following steps:
Step S1001: ON electricity on car load.
Step S1002: the temperature of detection set of cells and dump energy.
Step S1003: battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, controls adhesive main contactor.Car load travels by normal strategy.
Step S1004: whether battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S1005；If it is not, then perform step S1003.
Step S1005: whether battery manager calculates electricity higher than driving power threshold.If it is, perform step S1008；If it is not, then perform step S1006.
Step S1006: whether battery manager calculates electricity higher than parking power threshold.If it is, perform step S1008；If it is not, then perform step S1007.
Step S1007: it is too low that battery manager sends information to instrument display battery electric quantity, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S1008: user is confirmed whether to need heating.If it is, perform step S1009；If it is not, then perform step S1010.
Step S1009: before heating, whether cell heater self-inspection exists fault.If it is, perform step S1011；If it is not, then perform step S1012.
Step S1010: battery manager sends information to instrument display user and do not allow heating, car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S1011: battery manager stops providing power supply to cell heater and sending message, and photos and sending messages shows " heating system malfunction " to instrument, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S1012: battery manager sends heating signal to cell heater, begins to warm up.
Step S1013: battery manager controls adhesive preliminary filling catalyst, treats that preliminary filling completes, after controlling adhesive main contactor, enters car load heating, and heating system detects oneself state always.Specifically, battery manager receives the enabled instruction of driver's input of electric automobile, calculates the current electric quantity of set of cells, and calculates the maximum allowable output of set of cells and limit power to travel according to maximum allowable output power electric automobile.
Step S1014: different according to the temperature of set of cells, enters different heating procedures.The output of cell heater is adjusted by battery manager according to the temperature of set of cells, performs next step S1015.
Step S1015 specifically includes:
When the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold lower than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value higher than the 3rd, battery manager controls cell heater and with the first power, set of cells is heated；
When the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold higher than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value lower than the 5th, battery manager controls cell heater and with the second power, set of cells is heated；
When the temperature of set of cells heats temperature threshold lower than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value higher than the 5th, battery manager controls cell heater and with the 3rd power, set of cells is heated；
When the temperature of set of cells is higher than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value lower than the 7th heating-up temperature threshold value, battery manager controls cell heater and with the 4th power, set of cells is heated.
Step S1016: battery manager judges whether reach the first Preset Time (T1) heat time heating time.If it is, perform step S1017；If it is not, then perform step S1018.
Step S1017: cell heater quits work, battery manager judges whether dwell time reaches the second Preset Time (T2).If it is, perform step S1016；If it is not, then continue executing with step S1017.
Step S1018: whether user presses heat button, and keeps Preset Time.If it is, perform step S1019；If it is not, then perform step S1020.In an example of the present invention, Preset Time can be 2 seconds.
Step S1019: battery manager sends information to instrument display user and stops heating, and car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S1020: heating system whether fault in heating process.If it is, perform step S1021；If it is not, then perform step S1022.
Step S1021: cell heater quits work, instrument display alarm.Car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
Step S1022: whether battery pack temperature is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S1025；If it is not, then perform step S1023.
Step S1023: whether single battery temperature is higher than the second heating-up temperature threshold value.If it is, perform step S1025；If it is not, then perform step S1024.
Step S1024: whether continuous heating exceedes threshold value heat time heating time.If it is, perform step S1025；If it is not, then perform step S1013.
Step S1025: heated, cell heater quits work.
In an example of the present invention, first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, the 3rd temperature threshold, the 4th temperature threshold, the 5th temperature threshold can be-30 DEG C ,-25 DEG C ,-20 DEG C ,-15 DEG C ,-10 DEG C respectively, first heating-up temperature threshold value can be-10 DEG C, second heating-up temperature threshold value can be 20 DEG C, and heat time heating time, threshold value can be 20 minutes.
In sum, specifically, on car load after ON electricity, battery manager is started working, the break-make situation of main contactor in the temperature of detection set of cells and distribution box.The temperature of set of cells is the mean temperature of set of cells, and the temperature of each battery modules in set of cells is sampled by battery manager by battery information harvester, gathers the temperature value of every batteries in set of cells, calculates the temperature of all batteries in set of cells.If battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, and set of cells dump energy is higher than parking power threshold, and user presses heat button simultaneously, and keeps 2 seconds, then battery manager sends message by CAN alignment cell heater, it is allowed to car load heats.Before heating starts in driving, before namely motor work, battery manager sends control signal to distribution box, controls preliminary filling catalyst adhesive, makes set of cells charge to pre-charging capacitor C2, when pre-charging capacitor voltage is close to after battery voltage, just allowing motor to work.
Wherein, heat button is arranged on instrumental panel, controls the switch of cell heater as user.Pressing this button then allows cell heater to work, premise be the temperature meeting set of cells lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, and the dump energy of set of cells is higher than parking power threshold the two condition；If pressing once this button again, and keep 2 seconds, then cell heater is forced to quit work.
Distribution box main contactor is positioned at inside distribution box, for the power supply of power on/off machine controller.If dump energy is higher than driving power threshold, then battery manager sends control signals to distribution box, controls main contactor adhesive, it is allowed to motor works.Electric machine controller becomes the three-phase alternating current needed for motor by the DC inverter that drive circuit provides set of cells, powers to motor, and allows car load limit power to travel.
Preliminary filling catalyst also is located at, inside distribution box, connecting with pre-charging capacitor C2.Especially, before motor works, pre-charging capacitor C2 is charged, is because:
1. preliminary filling process can avoid rush of current, it is prevented that sinters during main contactor adhesive.Connecting between pre-charging capacitor with preliminary filling catalyst a current-limiting resistance, after preliminary filling completes, battery manager controls main contactor adhesive, is then turned off preliminary filling catalyst.
2. motor starting current within the short time just started is relatively big, can drag down the voltage of whole set of cells, therefore first gives pre-charging capacitor C2 charging so that it is voltage is close with battery voltage, restarts motor.Owing to capacitance voltage moment can not suddenly change, therefore by it together with motor parallel, reduce the electric motor starting impact on battery voltage.
Cell heater, after receiving the permission heating signal sended over by battery manager, starts its own system is carried out self-inspection, starts whether self-inspection exists the system failure.In an example of the present invention, cell heater sends whether the pulse checking cell heater of 1 0.5 millisecond exists fault.As cell heater does not find fault, then cell heater send control pulse (the such as cycle is 20 milliseconds, 20% dutycycle) control internal switch module circuit, make the short circuit of set of cells short time, reach to the purpose of set of cells heating, simultaneously cell heater sends CAN signal to instrument, and after instrument receives this signal, instrument shows " electrokinetic cell add hanker ".
In the process of set of cells heating, battery manager and cell heater detect battery state respectively always, under normal circumstances if be detected that the temperature of set of cells is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, or the continuous heating time exceedes threshold value heat time heating time, or the highest single battery temperature is higher than the second heating-up temperature threshold value, then cell heater stops sending pulse control signal to switch module, stops set of cells being heated.Cell heater sends CAN signal to instrument, and instrument shows " heating completes " after receiving this signal, and now car load set of cells heating process terminates.In an example of the present invention, the second heating-up temperature threshold value can be 20 DEG C, and time threshold can be 20 minutes.As preferably, in set of cells heating process, in order to prevent heating schedule repeated priming, detect when battery pack temperature is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value 5 DEG C, stop set of cells being heated.
Workflow under normal non-fault situation is as described above.
If the battery pack temperature that battery manager detects is higher than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, then battery manager is according to the startup strategy works of car load under room temperature；If battery pack temperature is lower than the first heating-up temperature threshold value, and battery dump energy is lower than parking power threshold, main contactor is in not attracting state, then battery manager sends CAN signal to cell heater and instrument, set of cells is not allowed to heat, showing " set of cells dump energy is not enough " after instrument receives this signal, now car load does not allow heating, travels and charging.
If any one occurred in cell heater process of self-test in cell heater fault, under-voltage protection, overvoltage protection, overtemperature protection, pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time; then do not allow to heat to set of cells; cell heater sends fault-signal; instrument receives this signal and then shows " heating system malfunction ", does not now allow heating.
Any one in cell heater fault, under-voltage protection, overvoltage protection, overtemperature protection, pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time occurs in cell heater is to set of cells heating process; then cell heater stops heating to set of cells; and send fault-signal; instrument receives this signal and then shows " heating system malfunction ", and this time set of cells heating stops.
In an example of the present invention, for the above-mentioned fault type mentioned, further, the protection circuit made inside cell heater has described below:
1) failure reset circuit.When there being fault-signal, IGBT ends, internal ERROR(fault) pin is low level, is exported by fault-signal by optocoupler, pin ERROUT(fault exports) for low level.If thinking de-preservation state, PWM(PulseWidthModulation, pulse width modulation) ripple should remain high level 2 seconds, reset fault-signal, and circuit recovers normal operating conditions.If 2 seconds can not reset, then illustrate that circuit creates permanent fault, it is impossible to normal operation.
2) pulse width interval and the protection of maximum ON time.For ensureing the internal IGBT discharge module normal operation of cell heater, by DSP(DigitalSignalProcessor, digital signal processor) pulse frequency that sends can not be too fast, and pulse width time can not be oversize.Such as, pulse width is maximum can be 5 milliseconds, and interval is minimum can be 7-10 millisecond, otherwise has fault-signal to export.
3) secondary power supply produces.In an example of the present invention, the internal IGBT of cell heater drives and adopts DC-to-dc insulating power supply, and the voltage recommendation of gate pole positive bias can be+15V, and back bias voltage can be-7V.Back bias voltage can be accelerated to turn off IGBT, and prevent surge current excessive and cause that IGBT misleads.
4) under-voltage protection.Under-voltage protecting circuit is primarily to problems such as preventing the internal IGBT power consumption increase of cell heater that causes due to driving voltage deficiency.When cell heater internal power supply control circuit voltage drops to the first voltage threshold, under-voltage protection occurs.In an example of the present invention, the first voltage threshold can be 9V.
5) overheat protector.Overheating protection circuit is possible to prevent that temperature is too high causes the damage to IGBT, carries out temperature sampling mainly by critesistor, overtemperature protection occurs when module baseplate temp is higher than reliability temperature threshold.This circuit can be also used for whether detection critesistor opens a way, when critesistor is opened a way, and this infinite of equivalence, output protection signal.In an example of the present invention, reliability temperature threshold can be 85 DEG C.
6) overvoltage protection.Owing to discharge loop is usually present bigger inductance, when IGBT turns off, colelctor electrode can inspire significantly high voltage, therefore high-voltage capacitance in parallel between the collector and emitter of IGBT.Overvoltage protective module mainly prevents IGBT, and colelctor electrode transient voltage is too high when off, causes IGBT overvoltage to burn out, when collector voltage is more than the second voltage threshold, and output protection signal.In an example of the present invention, the second voltage threshold can be 800V.
In heating system heats process, if user presses suddenly heat button, and keep 2 seconds, then cell heater stops set of cells being heated, and does not allow set of cells is charged, does not also allow running car.
The battery heating means of electric automobile according to embodiments of the present invention, pure electric automobile can be made not against external power source to realize the heating to set of cells, battery pack temperature is made to rise to temperature required, set of cells is used according still further to normal electric discharge and charging strategy, greatly reduce the restriction that electric automobile uses at low temperature environment, client can be met and drive a vehicle and charging requirement when low temperature.Meanwhile, the method for the embodiment of the present invention adopts the mode at interval to be in time heated, and namely heating a period of time stops a period of time, so periodically set of cells is heated, and alleviates the impact of big current versus cell group, improves the service life of set of cells.Additionally, adopt different power to heat always according to set of cells real time temperature difference, controlling more fine, make the performance of set of cells be not fully exerted, safety is improved.
In the description of this specification, specific features, structure, material or feature that the description of reference term " embodiment ", " some embodiments ", " example ", " concrete example " or " some examples " etc. means in conjunction with this embodiment or example describe are contained at least one embodiment or the example of the present invention.In this manual, the schematic representation of above-mentioned term is not necessarily referring to identical embodiment or example.And, the specific features of description, structure, material or feature can combine in an appropriate manner in any one or more embodiments or example.
Although an embodiment of the present invention has been shown and described, for the ordinary skill in the art, being appreciated that and these embodiments can be carried out multiple change, amendment, replacement and modification without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of the invention and equivalency.

Claims (24)

1. the dynamical system of an electric automobile, it is characterised in that including:
Set of cells；
Cell heater, described cell heater is connected with described set of cells, and described cell heater is configured to described set of cells carry out discharge and recharge so that described set of cells to be heated；
Battery manager, described battery manager is connected with described set of cells and described cell heater respectively, after being higher than parking power threshold in the temperature of described set of cells lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells, temperature according to described set of cells controls described cell heater and heat for described set of cells with different power, and to control described cell heater compartment of terrain further be that described set of cells heats；
Distribution box, described distribution box is allocated for the voltage that described set of cells is exported；
Motor；
Electric machine controller, described electric machine controller is connected with described motor and described distribution box respectively, and described electric machine controller has first input end, the second input and the pre-charging capacitor being connected between described first input end and the second input, described electric machine controller is that described motor is powered for the voltage distributed according to control instruction and described distribution box；And
Isolation inductance, described isolation inductance connection is between described set of cells and described distribution box, and the inductance of described isolation inductance mates with the described pre-charging capacitor of described electric machine controller.
2. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery manager is additionally operable to judge whether the current throttle change in depth speed of described electric automobile has reached predetermined threshold value, and when judging to reach described predetermined threshold value, control described cell heater and stop described set of cells is heated.
3. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described battery manager is additionally operable to judge whether reach the first Preset Time heat time heating time, and when judging to reach described first Preset Time, controls described cell heater and stop described set of cells is heated.
4. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that, described battery manager is additionally operable to after controlling described cell heater and stopping described set of cells is heated, calculate dwell time, and when described dwell time reaches the second Preset Time, be again started up described cell heater and described set of cells is heated.
5. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The temperature of described set of cells is higher than the 3rd heating temperature threshold and lower than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the first power；
The temperature of described set of cells is higher than described 4th heating-up temperature threshold value and heats temperature threshold lower than the 5th, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the second power；
The temperature of described set of cells is higher than described 5th heating temperature threshold and lower than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the 3rd power；Or
The temperature of described set of cells is higher than described 6th heating-up temperature threshold value and lower than the 7th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the 4th power.
6. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that
The inductance value L of described isolation inductance determines according to below equation:
Wherein, T is the equivalent load working cycle of described motor, and C is the capacitance of described pre-charging capacitor.
7. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that testing result is sent to described battery manager after carrying out fault self-checking by described cell heater.
8. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described cell heater farther includes:
First switch module, one end of described first switch module is connected with the first electrode of described set of cells and described isolation inductance respectively；
First electric capacity, one end of described first electric capacity is connected with the other end of described first switch module, and the other end of described first electric capacity is connected with the second electrode of described set of cells；
First inductance, the node between one end of described first inductance with described first switch module and described first electric capacity is connected；
Second switch module, one end of described second switch module is connected with the other end of described first inductance, and the described other end of second switch module is connected with the second electrode of described set of cells, described first switch module is all connected with described battery manager with the control end of second switch module, when described set of cells is heated, described battery manager sends a signal to described cell heater, described cell heater controls described first switch module and second switch module sequentially turns on to be sequentially generated charging current and discharge current in described set of cells, and described second switch module is closed when described first switch module conducting, described in when described second switch module turns on, the first switch module is closed.
9. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 8, it is characterised in that described cell heater also includes:
Cooling package, for cooling down the first switch module in described cell heater and second switch module.
10. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described cooling package farther includes:
It is arranged on the air channel in described cell heater；And
It is arranged on the fan of one end, described air channel.
11. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 9, it is characterised in that described cooling package farther includes:
It is arranged on the cooling passage in described cell heater；And
It is arranged on the cooling liquid inlet on described cell heater and cooling liquid outlet.
12. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described cell heater also includes:
Power connectors, for connecting and the fixing power line being connected with described set of cells.
13. the dynamical system of electric automobile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that described distribution box farther includes:
Main contactor, described main contactor for distributing the electrical equipment to described electric automobile by the output voltage of described distribution box under the control of described battery manager；And
Preliminary filling catalyst, the first input end of described preliminary filling catalyst and described electric machine controller and the second input one of them be connected, described preliminary filling catalyst is used under the control of described battery manager, is the charging of described pre-charging capacitor before electric motor starting described in described motor controller controls.
14. an electric automobile, it is characterised in that include the dynamical system of electric automobile as described in any one of claim 1-13.
15. the battery heating means of an electric automobile as claimed in claim 14, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps:
Detect the temperature of described set of cells and the dump energy of described set of cells；
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than parking power threshold lower than the dump energy of the first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells, then described battery manager controls described cell heater according to the temperature of described set of cells and heat for described set of cells with different power, and to control described cell heater compartment of terrain further be that described set of cells heats；
If the temperature of described set of cells is lower than the dump energy of described first heating-up temperature threshold value and described set of cells lower than described parking power threshold, then described battery manager sends the prompting forbidden the heating of described electric automobile, travel or charge；And
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than described first heating-up temperature threshold value, then described battery manager controls the main contactor Guan Bi in described distribution box.
16. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that also include:
Described battery manager judges whether the current throttle change in depth speed of described electric automobile has reached predetermined threshold value；And
If it is determined that reach described predetermined threshold value, then the described cell heater of described battery manager control stops described set of cells is heated.
17. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that according to heat time heating time, described cell heater is controlled, farther includes:
Judge whether described heat time heating time reaches the first Preset Time；And
When judging to reach described first Preset Time, control described cell heater and stop described set of cells is heated.
18. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 17, it is characterised in that also include:
Calculate dwell time；
Judge whether described dwell time reaches the second Preset Time；And
When judging to reach described second Preset Time, it is again started up described cell heater and described set of cells is heated.
19. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that adjust the heating power of described cell heater according to the temperature of described set of cells, farther include:
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than the 3rd heating temperature threshold and lower than the 4th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the first power；
If the temperature of described set of cells higher than described 4th heating-up temperature threshold value and heats temperature threshold lower than the 5th, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the second power；
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than described 5th heating temperature threshold and lower than the 6th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the 3rd power；Or
If the temperature of described set of cells is higher than described 6th heating-up temperature threshold value and lower than the 7th heating-up temperature threshold value, then described set of cells is heated by the described cell heater of described battery manager control with the 4th power.
20. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, before described set of cells heats, also include:
The preliminary filling catalyst Guan Bi that described battery manager controls in described distribution box is the charging of described pre-charging capacitor, and turns off described preliminary filling catalyst after described pre-charging capacitor is charged.
21. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that also include:
Testing result is sent to described battery manager after carrying out fault self-checking by described cell heater, and described battery manager sends the prompting forbidden the heating of described electric automobile, travel or charge when described cell heater breaks down.
22. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, before described set of cells heats, also include:
Judge whether to receive the heating instructions of driver's input of described electric automobile；
If received, then described battery manager controls described cell heater is the heating of described set of cells；And
If do not received, then described battery manager sends the prompting forbidden the heating of described electric automobile, travel or charge.
23. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that controlling described cell heater at described battery manager is, after described set of cells heats, also include:
Described battery manager receives the enabled instruction of driver's input of described electric automobile；
Described battery manager calculates Current Temperatures and the dump energy of described set of cells, and calculates the maximum allowable output of described set of cells；And
According to described maximum allowable output power, electric automobile limit power travels.
24. the battery heating means of electric automobile as claimed in claim 15, it is characterised in that when any one of following condition meets, described battery manager controls described cell heater and stops heating,
The temperature of described set of cells is higher than described first heating-up temperature threshold value；
In described set of cells, the temperature of any one single battery is higher than the second heating-up temperature threshold value, and described second heating-up temperature threshold value is higher than described first heating-up temperature threshold value；Or
The continuous heating time of described cell heater is higher than threshold value heat time heating time.
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