JP5617473B2 - Battery heating device - Google Patents

Battery heating device Download PDF

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JP5617473B2
JP5617473B2 JP2010211016A JP2010211016A JP5617473B2 JP 5617473 B2 JP5617473 B2 JP 5617473B2 JP 2010211016 A JP2010211016 A JP 2010211016A JP 2010211016 A JP2010211016 A JP 2010211016A JP 5617473 B2 JP5617473 B2 JP 5617473B2
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storage battery
temperature
battery
resistor
power
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JP2012069280A (en
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山田　貴史
貴史 山田
小山　貴志
貴志 小山
祐一 坂上
祐一 坂上
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Denso Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Description

本発明は、充放電可能な蓄電池を加熱する電池加熱装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a battery heating device for heating a chargeable / dischargeable storage battery.

従来、蓄電手段である蓄電池は、温度の低下に伴って内部抵抗が増加するといった特性を有し、温度低下によって蓄電池の内部抵抗が増加すると、電池の充放電性能が低下するといった問題がある。   Conventionally, a storage battery as a power storage means has a characteristic that the internal resistance increases with a decrease in temperature, and there is a problem that when the internal resistance of the storage battery increases due to the temperature decrease, the charge / discharge performance of the battery decreases.

この問題の対策として、蓄電池の温度が低い条件下において、蓄電池の内部抵抗のジュール損（発熱）を利用して、蓄電池を昇温させる電池加熱装置が種々提案されている（例えば、特許文献１、２参照）。   As a countermeasure for this problem, various battery heating devices that raise the temperature of the storage battery using Joule loss (heat generation) of the internal resistance of the storage battery under conditions where the temperature of the storage battery is low have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1). 2).

具体的には、特許文献１の電池加熱装置は、蓄電池、蓄電池の定格電圧を要求される出力に応じて変圧するコンバータ、電気負荷の要求出力を演算する演算手段等、コンバータを制御する制御手段等を備えて構成されている。そして、蓄電池の温度が所定温度以下である場合には、電池負荷の要求出力が小さく、コンバータによる変圧が必要ない条件であっても、蓄電池の定格電圧を最大昇圧値まで昇圧させることで、蓄電池の内部抵抗のジュール損（発熱）を増大させて蓄電池の温度を昇温させるようにしている。   Specifically, the battery heating device of Patent Document 1 includes a storage battery, a converter that transforms the rated voltage of the storage battery according to the required output, a control means that controls the converter, such as a calculation means that calculates the required output of the electrical load. Etc. are provided. When the temperature of the storage battery is equal to or lower than the predetermined temperature, even if the required output of the battery load is small and no voltage transformation is required by the converter, the storage battery is boosted up to the maximum boost value. The temperature of the storage battery is raised by increasing the Joule loss (heat generation) of the internal resistance.

また、特許文献２の電池加熱装置は、蓄電池およびキャパシタを並列接続してなる蓄電部と、蓄電部での充放電を制御する制御手段とを備え、蓄電部のキャパシタに対してインダクタを直列接続する構成としている。そして、蓄電部での充放電を行う際に、キャパシタおよびインダクタ側のインピーダンスを大きくし、蓄電池に流れる電流値を増大させることで、蓄電池の内部抵抗のジュール損（発熱）を増大させて蓄電池の温度を昇温させるようにしている。   The battery heating device of Patent Document 2 includes a power storage unit in which a storage battery and a capacitor are connected in parallel, and a control unit that controls charging / discharging in the power storage unit, and an inductor is connected in series to the capacitor of the power storage unit It is configured to do. Then, when charging / discharging in the power storage unit, the impedance on the capacitor and inductor side is increased, and the value of the current flowing in the storage battery is increased, thereby increasing the Joule loss (heat generation) of the internal resistance of the storage battery. The temperature is raised.

特開２００８−１０９７７８号公報JP 2008-109778 A 特開２００３−２７４５６５号公報JP 2003-274565 A

ところで、特許文献１、２に記載の電池加熱装置の如く、蓄電池へ供給する電流を増大させて蓄電池を昇温させる構成では、蓄電池を昇温させる際に、蓄電池以外の電気部品（例えば、配線、各種素子）に大電流が流れることとなり、蓄電池の加熱に寄与しない損失が増大してしまうといった問題がある。また、蓄電池、およびその周辺機器へ大電流が流れると、蓄電池およびその周辺機器の劣化、寿命の低下を招く虞があり、好ましくない。   By the way, in the configuration in which the current supplied to the storage battery is increased by increasing the current supplied to the storage battery as in the battery heating devices described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, when the storage battery is heated, an electrical component other than the storage battery (for example, wiring) A large current flows through the various elements), and there is a problem in that loss that does not contribute to heating of the storage battery increases. In addition, if a large current flows to the storage battery and its peripheral devices, the storage battery and its peripheral devices may be deteriorated and their life may be reduced, which is not preferable.

本発明は上記点に鑑みて、蓄電池の加熱を行う際に、蓄電池およびその周辺機器への大電流が流れることを抑制しつつ、蓄電池を充分に昇温可能な電池加熱装置を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above points, the present invention provides a battery heating device that can sufficiently raise the temperature of a storage battery while suppressing the flow of a large current to the storage battery and its peripheral devices when heating the storage battery. Objective.

上記目的を達成するため、請求項１、２に記載の発明では、充放電可能な蓄電池（２）を加熱する電池加熱装置であって、蓄電池（２）と熱的に接触して配置され、通電により発熱する抵抗体（１０）と、蓄電池（２）の温度を検出する電池温度検出手段（５１）と、蓄電池（２）の入出力電圧を変圧する電力変圧手段（３）と、電力変圧手段（３）の作動を制御する電力制御手段（５０）と、を備え、抵抗体（１０）は、抵抗体（１０）の温度の低下に伴って抵抗値が増加する温度抵抗特性を有して構成されると共に蓄電池（２）に対して電気的に直列接続されており、電力制御手段（５０）は、電池温度検出手段（５１）の検出値が予め設定された基準温度よりも低い場合に、電力変圧手段（３）を作動させて、蓄電池（２）と電力変圧手段（３）との間で充放電を繰り返すことを特徴とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 or 2 is a battery heating device for heating a chargeable / dischargeable storage battery (2), which is arranged in thermal contact with the storage battery (2), A resistor (10) that generates heat by energization, a battery temperature detection means (51) for detecting the temperature of the storage battery (2), a power transformation means (3) for transforming the input / output voltage of the storage battery (2), and a power transformation Power control means (50) for controlling the operation of the means (3), and the resistor (10) has a temperature resistance characteristic in which the resistance value increases as the temperature of the resistor (10) decreases. And is electrically connected in series to the storage battery (2), and the power control means (50) has a detection value of the battery temperature detection means (51) lower than a preset reference temperature. Next, the power transformation means (3) is operated, the storage battery (2) and the power transformation Charging / discharging is repeated with the means (3).

これによると、蓄電池（２）の温度が基準温度よりも低い場合に抵抗体（１０）の抵抗値が上昇するので、蓄電池（２）と電力変圧手段（３）との間で充放電を繰り返すことで、蓄電池（２）側への電流を増大させなくとも、抵抗値が上昇した抵抗体（１０）に電流が流れ、充分な発熱量を得ることができる。これにより、抵抗体（１０）の温度が上昇し、抵抗体（１０）に熱的に接触する蓄電池（２）が昇温して加熱される。   According to this, since the resistance value of the resistor (10) rises when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is lower than the reference temperature, charging / discharging is repeated between the storage battery (2) and the power transformation means (3). Thus, even if the current to the storage battery (2) side is not increased, a current flows through the resistor (10) having an increased resistance value, and a sufficient amount of heat can be obtained. Thereby, the temperature of the resistor (10) rises, and the storage battery (2) in thermal contact with the resistor (10) is heated and heated.

従って、蓄電池（２）の加熱を行う際に、蓄電池（２）およびその周辺機器への大電流が流れることを抑制しつつ、抵抗体（１０）の発熱量を確保することができ、蓄電池（２）を充分に昇温させることができる。この結果、蓄電池（２）の加熱に寄与しない損失の増大、蓄電池（２）およびその周辺機器の劣化、蓄電池（２）およびその周辺機器における寿命の低下の抑制を図ることができる。   Therefore, when the storage battery (2) is heated, the amount of heat generated by the resistor (10) can be secured while suppressing a large current from flowing to the storage battery (2) and its peripheral devices. 2) can be sufficiently heated. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in loss that does not contribute to heating of the storage battery (2), deterioration of the storage battery (2) and its peripheral devices, and reduction in the life of the storage battery (2) and its peripheral devices.

ここで、蓄電池（２）に抵抗体（１０）を直列接続すると、抵抗体（１０）の存在によって蓄電池（２）側の抵抗が増大するため、蓄電池（２）の充放電性能の低下や蓄電池（２）が過加熱されてしまうことが懸念される。   Here, when the resistor (10) is connected in series to the storage battery (2), the resistance on the storage battery (2) side increases due to the presence of the resistor (10). There is a concern that (2) will be overheated.

これに対して、請求項１に記載の発明では、抵抗体（１０）は、抵抗体（１０）の温度が所定の転移温度域を超えると急激に抵抗値が低下するように構成されており、転移温度域は、基準温度よりも低い温度域であることを特徴とする。 In contrast, in the invention according to claim 1, resistor antibody (10) is rapidly resistance when the temperature exceeds a predetermined transition temperature range of the resistor (10) is configured to decrease The transition temperature range is a temperature range lower than the reference temperature.

これによると、蓄電池（２）の加熱等によって蓄電池（２）の温度が基準温度を超えて上昇した場合、基準温度よりも転移温度域が低い抵抗体（１０）の抵抗値は、急激に低下しているので、抵抗体（１０）の存在により蓄電池（２）の充放電性能の低下や蓄電池（２）が過加熱されてしまうことを抑制することができる。   According to this, when the temperature of the storage battery (2) rises above the reference temperature due to heating of the storage battery (2), the resistance value of the resistor (10) whose transition temperature range is lower than the reference temperature decreases rapidly. Therefore, it can suppress that the charge / discharge performance of a storage battery (2) falls, or a storage battery (2) is overheated by presence of a resistor (10).

ところで、抵抗体（１０）の転移温度域を基準温度よりも低い温度域とすると、蓄電池（２）の温度が抵抗体（１０）の転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度より低い温度である場合には、抵抗体（１０）の抵抗値が急激に低下しているため、蓄電池（２）側に流れる電流が一時的に増加してしまう虞がある。   By the way, if the transition temperature range of the resistor (10) is a temperature range lower than the reference temperature, the temperature of the storage battery (2) is higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor (10) and lower than the reference temperature. In some cases, since the resistance value of the resistor (10) is abruptly decreased, the current flowing to the storage battery (2) side may temporarily increase.

そこで、請求項１に記載の発明では、電力制御手段（５０）は、蓄電池（２）の温度が転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度より低い温度である場合の蓄電池（２）と電力変圧手段（３）との間における充放電を繰り返す周期を、蓄電池（２）の温度が転移温度域より低い場合の蓄電池（２）と電力変圧手段（３）との間における充放電を繰り返す周期と異なる周期に変更することを特徴とする。 Therefore, in the first aspect of the invention, the power control means (50) includes the storage battery (2) and the power when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is higher than the transition temperature range and lower than the reference temperature. The cycle of repeating charge / discharge between the transformer means (3) and the cycle of repeating charge / discharge between the storage battery (2) and the power transformer means (3) when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is lower than the transition temperature range. The period is changed to a different period .

これによると、蓄電池（２）の温度が抵抗体（１０）の転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度より低い温度である場合には、蓄電池（２）の温度が転移温度域よりも低い場合に対して、蓄電池（２）と電力変圧手段（３）との間の充放電を繰り返す周期を変更することで、蓄電池（２）の内部抵抗を一時的に増大させることができる。この結果、抵抗体（１０）の抵抗値が低下している状態における蓄電池（２）側に流れる電流量の増大を抑制することができる。   According to this, when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor (10) and lower than the reference temperature, the temperature of the storage battery (2) is lower than the transition temperature range. In contrast, the internal resistance of the storage battery (2) can be temporarily increased by changing the cycle in which charging / discharging between the storage battery (2) and the power transformation means (3) is repeated. As a result, an increase in the amount of current flowing to the storage battery (2) side when the resistance value of the resistor (10) is reduced can be suppressed.

また、請求項２に記載の発明のように、電力制御手段（５０）は、蓄電池（２）の温度が転移温度域より高く、且つ、基準温度より低い温度である場合に、電力変圧手段（５）と蓄電池（２）との間を流れる電流を所定の電流以下に制限するように電力変圧手段（３）の作動を制御するように構成してもよい。 It is preferable as defined in claim 2, the power control unit (50) is higher than the temperature of the transition temperature range of the battery (2), and, if the reference temperature is a lower temperature, power transformer means ( You may comprise so that the action | operation of a power transformation means (3) may be controlled so that the electric current which flows between 5) and a storage battery (2) may be restrict | limited to predetermined current or less.

また、請求項３に記載の発明では、請求項１または２に記載の電池加熱装置において、蓄電池（２）は、複数の蓄電素子（２０）、複数の蓄電素子（２０）同士を接続する接続手段（２２）、および蓄電素子（２０）それぞれに設けられた端子電極（２１）を含んで構成され、抵抗体（１０）は、少なくとも端子電極（２１）、接続手段（２２）、および蓄電素子（２０）の内部のうちいずれか１つに設けられていることを特徴とする。 Moreover, in invention of Claim 3 , in the battery heating apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 , a storage battery (2) is a connection which connects several electrical storage elements (20) and several electrical storage elements (20). The means (22) and the terminal electrode (21) provided on each of the storage element (20) are configured, and the resistor (10) includes at least the terminal electrode (21), the connection means (22), and the storage element. It is provided in any one of the insides of (20).

これによれば、抵抗体（１０）と蓄電池（２）とを接続する手段の簡素化を図ることが可能となる。また、低温時に充放電特性の低下要因となる蓄電素子（２０）と、抵抗体（１０）との温度差を縮小し、加熱効率を向上させることができる。   According to this, it is possible to simplify the means for connecting the resistor (10) and the storage battery (2). In addition, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between the power storage element (20) and the resistor (10), which cause a decrease in charge / discharge characteristics at low temperatures, and improve the heating efficiency.

なお、この欄および特許請求の範囲で記載した各手段の括弧内の符号は、後述する実施形態に記載の具体的手段との対応関係を示すものである。   In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each means described in this column and the claim shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

第１実施形態の電池加熱装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the battery heating apparatus of 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態の蓄電池の構造を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the structure of the storage battery of 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態の抵抗体の温度抵抗特性を説明する特性図である。It is a characteristic view explaining the temperature resistance characteristic of the resistor of 1st Embodiment. 第１実施形態の制御装置が実行する制御処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the control processing which the control apparatus of 1st Embodiment performs. 第２実施形態の制御装置が実行する制御処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the control processing which the control apparatus of 2nd Embodiment performs. 抵抗体の配置形態の変形例を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the modification of the arrangement | positioning form of a resistor. 抵抗体の配置形態の変形例を説明するための説明図である。It is explanatory drawing for demonstrating the modification of the arrangement | positioning form of a resistor.

以下、本発明の実施形態について図に基づいて説明する。なお、以下の各実施形態相互において、互いに同一もしくは均等である部分には、図中、同一符号を付してある。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following embodiments, the same or equivalent parts are denoted by the same reference numerals in the drawings.

（第１実施形態）
以下、本発明の第１実施形態について図１〜図４に基づいて説明する。図１は、本実施形態の電池加熱装置１の概略構成図である。 (First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a battery heating device 1 of the present embodiment.

本実施形態の電池加熱装置１は、電気自動車（ハイブリッド車両、燃料電池車両を含む。）に搭載される走行用電動モータ（図示略）等を駆動するための蓄電池２を加熱する加熱装置である。   The battery heating device 1 of the present embodiment is a heating device that heats a storage battery 2 for driving a traveling electric motor (not shown) mounted on an electric vehicle (including a hybrid vehicle and a fuel cell vehicle). .

蓄電池２は、充放電可能な二次電池で構成され、走行用電動モータにて回生された電力（回生エネルギ）を蓄えると共に、蓄えた電力を走行用電動モータ等の電気負荷に供給するものであり、例えば、リチウムイオン電池、ニッケル水素電池、鉛蓄電池等を用いることができる。なお、蓄電池２は、自身の温度低下によって内部抵抗が増加する特性を有しており、温度低下に伴って電池の充放電性能が低下する。蓄電池２の詳細については後述する。   The storage battery 2 is composed of a chargeable / dischargeable secondary battery, stores electric power regenerated by the electric motor for travel (regenerative energy), and supplies the stored electric power to an electric load such as an electric motor for travel. For example, a lithium ion battery, a nickel metal hydride battery, a lead storage battery, or the like can be used. In addition, the storage battery 2 has the characteristic that internal resistance increases with its own temperature fall, and the charge / discharge performance of a battery falls with a temperature fall. Details of the storage battery 2 will be described later.

蓄電池２と走行用電動モータとの間には、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３、インバータ４が接続されており、走行用電動モータには、モータ駆動用の電源である蓄電池２からＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３、インバータ４等を介して電力が供給される。   A DC-DC converter 3 and an inverter 4 are connected between the storage battery 2 and the traveling electric motor. The traveling electric motor includes a storage battery 2 that is a power source for driving the motor, a DC-DC converter 3, Electric power is supplied through the inverter 4 and the like.

ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３は、蓄電池２から出力された電圧、又はインバータ４から出力された電圧である入出力電圧を変圧する電力変圧手段である。本実施形態のＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３は、蓄電池２とインバータ４との間に配置された平滑コンデンサ３１、第１スイッチング素子３２、第２スイッチング素子３３、電流変化を妨げるインダクタ３４等で構成されている。   The DC-DC converter 3 is power transformation means for transforming an input / output voltage that is a voltage output from the storage battery 2 or a voltage output from the inverter 4. The DC-DC converter 3 according to this embodiment includes a smoothing capacitor 31, a first switching element 32, a second switching element 33, an inductor 34 that prevents a current change, and the like disposed between the storage battery 2 and the inverter 4. Yes.

平滑コンデンサ３１は、蓄電池２から供給された電力、またはインバータ４から供給された電力を平滑化するために電力を一旦蓄積するものである。平滑化された電力は、蓄電池２またはインバータ４に出力される。   The smoothing capacitor 31 temporarily stores power in order to smooth the power supplied from the storage battery 2 or the power supplied from the inverter 4. The smoothed power is output to the storage battery 2 or the inverter 4.

第１スイッチング素子３２および第２スイッチング素子３３は、後述する制御装置５からの制御信号に応じてオン・オフが繰り返される絶縁ゲートバイポーラトランジスタＩＧＢＴである。なお、後述する制御装置５から制御信号によりオン・オフが繰り返されると、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３の出力電圧は、入力電圧を昇圧させた値となる。   The first switching element 32 and the second switching element 33 are insulated gate bipolar transistors IGBT that are repeatedly turned on and off in response to a control signal from the control device 5 described later. In addition, when ON / OFF is repeated by the control signal from the control device 5 described later, the output voltage of the DC-DC converter 3 becomes a value obtained by boosting the input voltage.

インバータ４は、走行用モータを駆動させたり、走行用モータの駆動力を電力に回生させたりする制御回路である。インバータ４は、走行用モータを車両の駆動源として用いる場合、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３を介して蓄電池２から供給された直流電力を交流電力に変換して走行用モータに供給する。一方、インバータ４は、走行用モータを発電機として用いる場合、走行用モータで発電した交流電力を直流電流に変換し、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３を介して蓄電池２に供給する。   The inverter 4 is a control circuit that drives the traveling motor or regenerates the driving force of the traveling motor into electric power. The inverter 4 converts the DC power supplied from the storage battery 2 via the DC-DC converter 3 into AC power and supplies it to the driving motor when the driving motor is used as a vehicle drive source. On the other hand, the inverter 4 converts the AC power generated by the traveling motor into a direct current and supplies it to the storage battery 2 via the DC-DC converter 3 when the traveling motor is used as a generator.

次に、本実施形態の蓄電池２の詳細について図２に基づいて説明する。図２は、本実施形態の蓄電池２の構造を説明するための説明図であり、（ａ）が蓄電池２の模式的な分解斜視図を示し、（ｂ）がセル２０の模式的な分解斜視図を示している。   Next, the detail of the storage battery 2 of this embodiment is demonstrated based on FIG. FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the structure of the storage battery 2 of the present embodiment, in which (a) shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the storage battery 2 and (b) shows a schematic exploded perspective view of the cell 20. The figure is shown.

図２に示すように、本実施形態の蓄電池２は、基本単位となる複数のセル（蓄電素子）２０同士（蓄電素子同士）が、互いの端子電極２１に設けられた接続手段であるバスバー２２を介して電気的に直列接続されており、組電池として機能する。   As shown in FIG. 2, the storage battery 2 according to the present embodiment includes a bus bar 22 that is a connection unit in which a plurality of cells (power storage elements) 20 (power storage elements) serving as a basic unit are provided on each terminal electrode 21. Are electrically connected in series, and function as an assembled battery.

各セル２０は、正極材２０１と負極材２０２とセパレータ２０３を介して交互に積層された積層体で構成されている。各正極材２０１には、それぞれ正極端子２０１ａが設けられ、正極材２０１の一方の端部の正極端子２０１ａが電力を入出力する正極側集電体２０１ｂを構成している。同様に、各負極材２０２には、それぞれ負極端子２０２ａが設けられ、負極材２０２の一方の端部の負極端子２０２ａが電力を入出力する負極側集電体２０２ｂを構成している。   Each cell 20 is composed of a laminate in which the positive electrode material 201, the negative electrode material 202, and the separator 203 are alternately stacked. Each positive electrode material 201 is provided with a positive electrode terminal 201a, and the positive electrode terminal 201a at one end of the positive electrode material 201 constitutes a positive electrode current collector 201b for inputting and outputting electric power. Similarly, each negative electrode material 202 is provided with a negative electrode terminal 202a, and the negative electrode terminal 202a at one end of the negative electrode material 202 constitutes a negative electrode side current collector 202b that inputs and outputs power.

本実施形態のセル２０における正極側集電体２０１ｂおよび負極側集電体２０２ｂそれぞれに、温度低下に伴って抵抗値が増大する温度抵抗特性（負の温度抵抗特性）を有し、通電により発熱する抵抗体１０が設けられている。すなわち、本実施形態では、蓄電素子であるセル２０の内部に抵抗体１０を設ける構成としている。   Each of the positive electrode side current collector 201b and the negative electrode side current collector 202b in the cell 20 of the present embodiment has a temperature resistance characteristic (negative temperature resistance characteristic) in which the resistance value increases as the temperature decreases, and heat is generated by energization. A resistor 10 is provided. That is, in the present embodiment, the resistor 10 is provided inside the cell 20 that is a power storage element.

抵抗体１０は、セル２０に熱的に接触して配置されると共に、各集電体２０１ｂ、２０２ｂに電気的に直列に接続されており、セル２０に電流が流れると、抵抗体１０に電流が流れて発熱する。   The resistor 10 is disposed in thermal contact with the cell 20 and is electrically connected in series to the current collectors 201b and 202b. When a current flows through the cell 20, the resistor 10 Flows and generates heat.

具体的には、本実施形態の抵抗体１０は、遷移金属酸化物により構成される半導体であって、図３に示す温度抵抗特性を有するＣＴＲサーミスタ（Critical Temperature Coefficient thermistor）で構成されている。なお、本実施形態の抵抗体１０は、図３に示すように、抵抗値が急激に変化する温度範囲（転移温度域）が、例えば、氷点温度（０℃）前後となるＣＴＲサーミスタを採用している。   Specifically, the resistor 10 of the present embodiment is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide, and is composed of a CTR thermistor (Critical Temperature Coefficient thermistor) having temperature resistance characteristics shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 3, the resistor 10 of the present embodiment employs a CTR thermistor in which the temperature range (transition temperature range) in which the resistance value changes rapidly is, for example, around the freezing point temperature (0 ° C.). ing.

図１に戻り、本実施形態の電気制御部について説明する。制御装置（ＥＣＵ）５は、ＣＰＵ、ＲＯＭ、ＲＡＭ等を含む周知のマイクロコンピュータとその周辺回路から構成され、そのＲＯＭ内に記憶された制御プログラムに基づいて各種演算、処理を行い、出力側に接続された各種制御機器の作動を制御する。なお、出力側に接続される各種制御機器としては、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３、インバータ４等がある。   Returning to FIG. 1, the electric control unit of the present embodiment will be described. The control unit (ECU) 5 is composed of a well-known microcomputer including a CPU, ROM, RAM, etc. and its peripheral circuits, performs various calculations and processing based on a control program stored in the ROM, and outputs to the output side. Controls the operation of various connected control devices. Various control devices connected to the output side include a DC-DC converter 3 and an inverter 4.

また、制御装置５の入力側には、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂを検出する電池温度検出手段である電池温度センサ５１、蓄電池２の両端電圧Ｖｂａｔを検出する電圧検出手段である電池電圧センサ５２、蓄電池２を流れる電流Ｉｂａｔを検出する電流検出手段である電池電流センサ５３が接続されている。制御装置５には、各種制御機器からの要求電力信号や、電池温度センサ５１、電池電圧センサ５２、電池電流センサ５３の各検出信号が入力される。   Further, on the input side of the control device 5, a battery temperature sensor 51 which is a battery temperature detection means for detecting the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2, a battery voltage sensor 52 which is a voltage detection means for detecting the both-end voltage Vbat of the storage battery 2, A battery current sensor 53 that is a current detection means for detecting a current Ibat flowing through the storage battery 2 is connected. The control device 5 receives requested power signals from various control devices and detection signals from the battery temperature sensor 51, the battery voltage sensor 52, and the battery current sensor 53.

ここで、制御装置５は、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３の作動を制御する制御手段としての機能を有しており、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３の作動の制御によって、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電が可能となっている。なお、本実施形態では、特に、制御装置５におけるＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３の作動を制御するハードウェアおよびソフトウェアを電力制御手段５０とする。   Here, the control device 5 has a function as control means for controlling the operation of the DC-DC converter 3, and the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 are controlled by controlling the operation of the DC-DC converter 3. It is possible to charge and discharge between. In the present embodiment, in particular, hardware and software for controlling the operation of the DC-DC converter 3 in the control device 5 are used as the power control means 50.

制御装置５による蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間の充放電制御について簡単に説明すると、当該充放電制御時には、制御装置５は、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３における各スイッチング素子３２、３３をオン・オフのタイミングをずらし、それぞれを高周波数でスイッチングする。   The charge / discharge control between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 by the control device 5 will be briefly described. During the charge / discharge control, the control device 5 turns on the switching elements 32 and 33 in the DC-DC converter 3. -Shift off timing and switch each at high frequency.

第２スイッチング素子３３がオン（第１スイッチング素子３２がオフ）されることにより、蓄電池２からのエネルギがインダクタ３４に蓄えられる。そして、第２スイッチング素子３３がオフ（第１スイッチング素子３２がオン）されると、インダクタ３４内のエネルギが平滑コンデンサ３１に放電される。   When the second switching element 33 is turned on (the first switching element 32 is turned off), the energy from the storage battery 2 is stored in the inductor 34. When the second switching element 33 is turned off (the first switching element 32 is turned on), the energy in the inductor 34 is discharged to the smoothing capacitor 31.

また、第１スイッチング素子３２がオン（第２スイッチング素子３３がオフ）されることにより平滑コンデンサ３１に充電されたエネルギはインダクタ３４に蓄えられる。そして、第１スイッチング素子３２がオフ（第２スイッチング素子３３がオン）されると、インダクタ３４内のエネルギが蓄電池２に放電される。   Further, the energy charged in the smoothing capacitor 31 when the first switching element 32 is turned on (the second switching element 33 is turned off) is stored in the inductor 34. When the first switching element 32 is turned off (the second switching element 33 is turned on), the energy in the inductor 34 is discharged to the storage battery 2.

このように、各スイッチング素子３２、３３のスイッチングにより、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間の充放電が可能となる。   Thus, charging / discharging between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 becomes possible by switching of the switching elements 32 and 33.

ここで、本実施形態の電池加熱装置１は、蓄電池２を加熱する抵抗体１０、蓄電池２の入出力電圧を変圧させる電力変圧手段としてのＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３、電池温度センサ５１、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３の作動を制御する制御装置５の電力制御手段５０で構成されている。   Here, the battery heating device 1 of the present embodiment includes a resistor 10 that heats the storage battery 2, a DC-DC converter 3 as a power transformation means that transforms the input / output voltage of the storage battery 2, a battery temperature sensor 51, and a DC-DC. The power control means 50 of the control device 5 that controls the operation of the converter 3 is configured.

次に、本実施形態の制御装置５が実行する電池加熱制御について図４に基づいて説明する。図４は、本実施形態の制御装置５が実行する電池加熱制御の流れを示すフローチャートである。なお、図４のフローチャートは、制御装置５が車両走行を行うためのメインルーチンのサブルーチンとして所定の制御周期毎に実行される。   Next, battery heating control executed by the control device 5 of the present embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a flow of battery heating control executed by the control device 5 of the present embodiment. Note that the flowchart of FIG. 4 is executed at predetermined control cycles as a subroutine of a main routine for the control device 5 to travel the vehicle.

まず、各種制御機器の要求電力信号、および電池温度センサ５１、電池電圧センサ５２、電池電流センサ５３等の検出信号を読み込む（Ｓ１０）。   First, required power signals of various control devices and detection signals from the battery temperature sensor 51, the battery voltage sensor 52, the battery current sensor 53, and the like are read (S10).

続いて、電池温度センサ５１で検出した蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが、予め抵抗体１０の転移温度域よりも高い温度（図３参照）に設定された基準温度Ｔｏ以上であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ２０）。なお、本実施形態の基準温度Ｔｏは、蓄電池２の充放電性能が充分に発揮可能な状態と推定される温度の下限温度（例えば、１５℃）に設定されている。   Subsequently, it is determined whether or not the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 detected by the battery temperature sensor 51 is equal to or higher than a reference temperature To set in advance to a temperature higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor 10 (see FIG. 3). (S20). In addition, the reference temperature To of this embodiment is set to the minimum temperature (for example, 15 degreeC) of the temperature estimated that the charging / discharging performance of the storage battery 2 can fully be exhibited.

Ｓ２０の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが基準温度Ｔｏ以上と判定された場合（Ｓ２０：ＹＥＳ）には、蓄電池２の充放電性能が低下する状態ではなく、蓄電池２を加熱する必要がないと判断できるので、電池加熱制御処理を終了してメインルーチンに戻る。   As a result of the determination process of S20, when the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is determined to be equal to or higher than the reference temperature To (S20: YES), it is necessary to heat the storage battery 2 instead of a state in which the charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 decreases. Therefore, the battery heating control process is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

一方、Ｓ２０の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが基準温度Ｔｏより低いと判定された場合（Ｓ２０：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の充放電性能が低下する状態と推定でき、蓄電池２を加熱する必要があると判断できるので、Ｓ３０に移行する。   On the other hand, as a result of the determination process of S20, when it is determined that the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature To (S20: NO), it can be estimated that the charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 is deteriorated. Since it can be determined that it is necessary to heat, the process proceeds to S30.

Ｓ３０の処理では、Ｓ１０に読み込んだ各種制御機器の要求電力信号、各センサ５１〜５３の検出信号に基づいて、蓄電池２の充放電パターン、すなわちＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３における各スイッチング素子３２、３３のオン・オフのタイミング（周波数）および振幅を設定する。例えば、まず、電池電圧センサ５２および電池電流センサ５３の検出信号に基づいて、蓄電池２の電池容量ＳＯＣ（State Of Charge）を算出する。そして、蓄電池２の電池容量ＳＯＣおよび各種制御機器の要求電力信号に応じて蓄電池２の放電可能出力および充電可能出力を算出すると共に、充放電の切替え周期を決定すればよい。   In the process of S30, the charge / discharge pattern of the storage battery 2, that is, the switching elements 32 and 33 in the DC-DC converter 3, based on the required power signals of the various control devices read in S10 and the detection signals of the sensors 51 to 53. Set the on / off timing (frequency) and amplitude. For example, first, based on detection signals of the battery voltage sensor 52 and the battery current sensor 53, the battery capacity SOC (State Of Charge) of the storage battery 2 is calculated. Then, the dischargeable output and the chargeable output of the storage battery 2 may be calculated according to the battery capacity SOC of the storage battery 2 and the required power signals of various control devices, and the charge / discharge switching cycle may be determined.

次に、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３およびインバータ４に対して、Ｓ３０の処理で設定した充放電パターンに対応する制御信号を送信し（Ｓ４０）、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電を繰り返すパルス充放電を実行する（Ｓ５０）。   Next, a control signal corresponding to the charge / discharge pattern set in S30 is transmitted to the DC-DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 (S40), and charge / discharge is performed between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3. Is repeated (S50).

Ｓ５０におけるパルス充放電の実行により、蓄電池２に電流が流れると、抵抗体１０にも電流が流れ、抵抗体１０のジュール熱（発熱）により抵抗体１０の温度が上昇して、抵抗体１０と熱的に接触している蓄電池２が加熱されて昇温する。   When a current flows through the storage battery 2 due to the execution of the pulse charge / discharge at S50, a current also flows through the resistor 10, and the temperature of the resistor 10 rises due to the Joule heat (heat generation) of the resistor 10, The storage battery 2 that is in thermal contact is heated to raise the temperature.

次に、再び、電池温度センサ５１で検出した検出値（蓄電池２の電池温度）を読み込み、読み込んだ蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔｏ以上であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ６０）。この結果、蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔｏ以上であると判定された場合（Ｓ６０：ＹＥＳ）には、蓄電池２を加熱する必要がないと判断できるので、電池加熱制御を終了してメインルーチンに戻る。一方、蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔｏよりも低いと判定された場合（Ｓ６０：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の加熱を継続する必要があると判断できるので、Ｓ４０の処理に戻る。   Next, the detection value (battery temperature of the storage battery 2) detected by the battery temperature sensor 51 is read again, and it is determined whether or not the battery temperature of the read storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature To (S60). As a result, when it is determined that the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature To (S60: YES), it can be determined that the storage battery 2 does not need to be heated. Return to. On the other hand, when it is determined that the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature To (S60: NO), it can be determined that heating of the storage battery 2 needs to be continued, so the process returns to S40.

以上説明した本実施形態の電池加熱装置１では、負の温度抵抗特性を有する抵抗体１０を蓄電池２に電気的に直列接続すると共に、蓄電池２の温度が基準温度Ｔｏ以下の低い場合に、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電を繰り返す構成としている。   In the battery heating device 1 according to the present embodiment described above, the resistor 10 having negative temperature resistance characteristics is electrically connected in series to the storage battery 2, and the storage battery 2 is heated when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature To. 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 are configured to repeatedly charge and discharge.

これによれば、蓄電池２の温度が基準温度よりも低い場合に、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が上昇するので、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が上昇している期間に蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電を繰り返すことで、蓄電池２側への電流を増大させなくとも、抵抗値が上昇した抵抗体１０に電流が流れ、充分な発熱量を得ることができる。これにより、抵抗体１０の温度が上昇し、抵抗体１０に熱的に接触する蓄電池２が昇温して加熱される。   According to this, since the resistance value of the resistor 10 increases when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature, the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 are in a period during which the resistance value of the resistor 10 is increasing. By repeating charging / discharging between the two, the current flows through the resistor 10 having an increased resistance value without increasing the current to the storage battery 2 side, and a sufficient amount of heat can be obtained. Thereby, the temperature of the resistor 10 rises, and the storage battery 2 that is in thermal contact with the resistor 10 is heated and heated.

従って、蓄電池２の加熱を行う際に、蓄電池２およびその周辺機器への大電流が流れることを抑制しつつ、抵抗体１０の発熱量を確保することができ、蓄電池２を充分に昇温させることができる。この結果、蓄電池２の加熱に寄与しない損失の増大や、蓄電池２およびその周辺機器の劣化や、蓄電池２およびその周辺機器における寿命の低下の抑制を図ることができる。   Therefore, when the storage battery 2 is heated, the amount of heat generated by the resistor 10 can be secured while suppressing a large current from flowing to the storage battery 2 and its peripheral devices, and the storage battery 2 is sufficiently heated. be able to. As a result, it is possible to suppress an increase in loss that does not contribute to heating of the storage battery 2, deterioration of the storage battery 2 and its peripheral devices, and reduction in lifetime of the storage battery 2 and its peripheral devices.

また、蓄電池２の加熱等によって蓄電池２の温度が基準温度Ｔｏを超えて上昇した場合、基準温度Ｔｏよりも低い転移温度域を有する抵抗体１０の抵抗値は、急激に低下しているので、抵抗体１０の存在により蓄電池２の充放電性能の悪化や蓄電池が過加熱されてしまうことを抑制することができる。   In addition, when the temperature of the storage battery 2 rises above the reference temperature To due to heating of the storage battery 2 or the like, the resistance value of the resistor 10 having a transition temperature range lower than the reference temperature To decreases rapidly. The presence of the resistor 10 can suppress deterioration in charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 and overheating of the storage battery.

さらに、抵抗体１０を蓄電池２のセル２０の内部に設ける構成としているので、電池加熱装置１の構成を簡素な構成で実現することができる。また、低温時に充放電特性の低下要因となる電池セル２０と、抵抗体１０との温度差を縮小し、加熱効率を向上させることができる。   Furthermore, since the resistor 10 is provided inside the cell 20 of the storage battery 2, the configuration of the battery heating device 1 can be realized with a simple configuration. Further, it is possible to reduce the temperature difference between the battery cell 20 and the resistor 10 that cause a decrease in charge / discharge characteristics at low temperatures, thereby improving the heating efficiency.

（第２実施形態）
次に、本発明の第２実施形態について図５に基づいて説明する。図５は、本実施形態の制御装置５が実行する電池加熱制御の流れを示すフローチャートである。 (Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of battery heating control executed by the control device 5 of the present embodiment.

上述の第１実施形態では、制御装置５が実行する電池加熱制御において、抵抗体１０の転移温度域を基準温度Ｔｏよりも低い温度域としているが、蓄電池２の温度が抵抗体１０の転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度Ｔｏよりも低い温度となる場合、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が低下している状態で、蓄電池２に電流が流れることとなる。   In the first embodiment described above, in the battery heating control executed by the control device 5, the transition temperature range of the resistor 10 is set to a temperature range lower than the reference temperature To, but the temperature of the storage battery 2 is the transition temperature of the resistor 10. When the temperature is higher than the range and lower than the reference temperature To, a current flows through the storage battery 2 in a state where the resistance value of the resistor 10 is lowered.

このため、本実施形態では、制御装置５が実行する電池加熱制御において、抵抗値が低下した抵抗体１０と、蓄電池２への電流の増加を抑えるようにしている。以下、具体的な手段を、図５のフローチャートに基づいて説明する。なお、本実施形態では、第１実施形態と同様または均等な部分についての説明を省略、または簡略化して説明する。   For this reason, in this embodiment, in the battery heating control which the control apparatus 5 performs, it is trying to suppress the increase in the electric current to the resistor 10 with which resistance value fell, and the storage battery 2. FIG. Hereinafter, specific means will be described based on the flowchart of FIG. In the present embodiment, description of the same or equivalent parts as in the first embodiment will be omitted or simplified.

図５に示すように、Ｓ１０において、各種制御機器の要求電力信号、各センサ５１〜５３等の検出信号を読み込んだ後、電池温度センサ５１で検出した蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが、予め抵抗体１０の転移温度域の範囲に設定された転移温度基準値Ｔ１以上であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ２５）。なお、本実施形態の転移温度基準値Ｔ１は、転移温度域における中間温度（例えば、０℃）に設定されている。   As shown in FIG. 5, in S10, after reading the required power signals of various control devices and the detection signals of the sensors 51 to 53, etc., the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 detected by the battery temperature sensor 51 is set in advance as a resistor. It is determined whether or not it is equal to or higher than the transition temperature reference value T1 set in the range of the transition temperature range of 10 (S25). In addition, transition temperature reference value T1 of this embodiment is set to the intermediate temperature (for example, 0 degreeC) in a transition temperature range.

Ｓ２５の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが転移温度基準値Ｔ１以上と判定された場合（Ｓ２５：ＹＥＳ）には、後述するＳ７０の処理に移行する。   As a result of the determination process of S25, when it is determined that the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the transition temperature reference value T1 (S25: YES), the process proceeds to S70 described later.

一方、Ｓ２５の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが転移温度基準値Ｔ１より低いと判定された場合（Ｓ２５：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の充放電性能が低下する状態と推定であって、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が高い状態と判断できるので、Ｓ３５に移行する。   On the other hand, if it is determined that the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is lower than the transition temperature reference value T1 as a result of the determination process of S25 (S25: NO), it is estimated that the charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 is reduced. Since the resistance value of the resistor 10 can be determined to be high, the process proceeds to S35.

Ｓ３５の処理では、蓄電池２の第１充放電パターンを設定する。この第１充放電パターンには、Ｓ５０においてパルス充放電を行う際の第１周波数および振幅が設定されている。   In the process of S35, the first charge / discharge pattern of the storage battery 2 is set. In the first charge / discharge pattern, the first frequency and amplitude when performing pulse charge / discharge in S50 are set.

続いて、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３およびインバータ４に対して、Ｓ３５の処理で設定した第１充放電パターンに対応する制御信号を送信し（Ｓ４５）、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電を繰り返すパルス充放電を実行する（Ｓ５０）。   Then, the control signal corresponding to the 1st charging / discharging pattern set by the process of S35 is transmitted with respect to the DC-DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 (S45), between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 Pulse charging / discharging which repeats charging / discharging is performed (S50).

Ｓ５０におけるパルス充放電の実行により、蓄電池２に電流が流れると、抵抗体１０にも電流が流れ、抵抗体１０のジュール熱（発熱）により抵抗体１０の温度が上昇して、抵抗体１０と熱的に接触している蓄電池２が加熱されて昇温する。   When a current flows through the storage battery 2 due to the execution of the pulse charge / discharge at S50, a current also flows through the resistor 10, and the temperature of the resistor 10 rises due to the Joule heat (heat generation) of the resistor 10, The storage battery 2 that is in thermal contact is heated to raise the temperature.

次に、再び、電池温度センサ５１で検出した蓄電池２の電池温度を読み込み、読み込んだ蓄電池２の電池温度が転移温度基準値Ｔ１以上であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ６５）。この結果、蓄電池２の電池温度が転移温度基準値Ｔ１よりも低いと判定された場合（Ｓ６５：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の加熱を継続する必要があると判断できるので、Ｓ４５の処理に戻る。一方、蓄電池２の電池温度が転移温度基準値Ｔ１以上であると判定された場合（Ｓ６５：ＹＥＳ）には、Ｓ７０の処理に移行する。   Next, the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 detected by the battery temperature sensor 51 is read again, and it is determined whether or not the battery temperature of the read storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the transition temperature reference value T1 (S65). As a result, when it is determined that the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 is lower than the transition temperature reference value T1 (S65: NO), it can be determined that the heating of the storage battery 2 needs to be continued, so the process returns to S45. . On the other hand, when it determines with the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 being more than the transition temperature reference value T1 (S65: YES), it transfers to the process of S70.

Ｓ７０では、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが、予め抵抗体１０の転移温度域よりも高い温度に設定された基準温度Ｔ２以上であるか否かを判定する。なお、本実施形態の基準温度Ｔ２は、蓄電池２の充放電性能が充分に発揮可能な状態と推定される温度の下限温度（例えば、１５℃）に設定されている。なお、基準温度Ｔ２が高い温度に設定されると抵抗体１０の抵抗値が低くなりすぎることから、基準温度Ｔ２と転移温度基準値Ｔ１との温度差が小さい方が好ましい。   In S <b> 70, it is determined whether or not the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than a reference temperature T <b> 2 set in advance at a temperature higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor 10. In addition, reference temperature T2 of this embodiment is set to the minimum temperature (for example, 15 degreeC) of the temperature estimated that the charging / discharging performance of the storage battery 2 can fully be exhibited. In addition, since the resistance value of the resistor 10 becomes too low when the reference temperature T2 is set to a high temperature, it is preferable that the temperature difference between the reference temperature T2 and the transition temperature reference value T1 is small.

Ｓ７０の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが基準温度Ｔ２以上と判定された場合（Ｓ７０：ＹＥＳ）には、蓄電池２の充放電性能が低下する状態ではなく、蓄電池２を加熱する必要がないと判断できるので、電池加熱制御処理を終了してメインルーチンに戻る。   When the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is determined to be equal to or higher than the reference temperature T2 as a result of the determination process of S70 (S70: YES), it is necessary to heat the storage battery 2 rather than a state in which the charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 decreases. Therefore, the battery heating control process is terminated and the process returns to the main routine.

一方、Ｓ７０の判定処理の結果、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが基準温度Ｔ２より低いと判定された場合（Ｓ７０：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の充放電性能が低下する状態と推定でき、蓄電池２を加熱する必要があると判断できるので、Ｓ８０に移行する。   On the other hand, when it is determined that the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature T2 as a result of the determination process of S70 (S70: NO), it can be estimated that the charge / discharge performance of the storage battery 2 is deteriorated. Since it can be determined that it is necessary to heat, the process proceeds to S80.

ここで、Ｓ７０の判定処理において、蓄電池２の電池温度Ｔｂが基準温度Ｔ２より低いと判定された場合（Ｓ７０：ＮＯ）、抵抗体１０の温度が転移温度域を上回っており、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が低下している状態と予想される。   Here, in the determination process of S70, when it is determined that the battery temperature Tb of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature T2 (S70: NO), the temperature of the resistor 10 exceeds the transition temperature range, and the resistance 10 It is expected that the resistance value is decreasing.

このため、Ｓ８０の処理では、第１充放電パターンにて設定された充放電の周波数と異なる第２充放電パターンを設定する。充放電の周波数を変更することで、周波数に寄与する蓄電池２の内部抵抗が一時的に増加するので、蓄電池２に流れる電流の急増による損失の増加を抑えることができる。なお、第２充放電パターンに設定する充放電の周波数は、第１充放電パターンにて設定された充放電の周波数よりも高い周波数としてもよいし、逆に低い周波数としてもよい。   For this reason, in the process of S80, a second charge / discharge pattern different from the charge / discharge frequency set in the first charge / discharge pattern is set. By changing the charging / discharging frequency, the internal resistance of the storage battery 2 contributing to the frequency temporarily increases, so that an increase in loss due to a sudden increase in the current flowing through the storage battery 2 can be suppressed. The charging / discharging frequency set in the second charging / discharging pattern may be higher than the charging / discharging frequency set in the first charging / discharging pattern, or may be lower.

次に、ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３およびインバータ４に対して、Ｓ８０の処理で設定した第２充放電パターンに対応する制御信号を送信し（Ｓ９０）、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間で充放電を繰り返すパルス充放電を実行する（Ｓ１００）。この際、蓄電池２に流れる電流が流れることで、内部抵抗のジュール熱（発熱）より蓄電電池２自身が昇温する。   Next, the control signal corresponding to the 2nd charging / discharging pattern set by the process of S80 is transmitted with respect to the DC-DC converter 3 and the inverter 4 (S90), between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 Pulse charging / discharging which repeats charging / discharging is performed (S100). At this time, when the current flowing through the storage battery 2 flows, the temperature of the storage battery 2 itself rises from Joule heat (heat generation) of the internal resistance.

次に、再び、電池温度センサ５１で検出した蓄電池２の電池温度を読み込み、読み込んだ蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔ２以上であるか否かを判定する（Ｓ１１０）。この結果、蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔ２以上であると判定された場合（Ｓ１１０：ＹＥＳ）には、蓄電池２を加熱する必要がないと判断できるので、電池加熱制御を終了してメインルーチンに戻る。一方、蓄電池２の電池温度が基準温度Ｔ２よりも低いと判定された場合（Ｓ１１０：ＮＯ）には、蓄電池２の加熱を継続する必要があると判断できるので、Ｓ９０の処理に戻る。   Next, the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 detected by the battery temperature sensor 51 is read again, and it is determined whether or not the battery temperature of the read storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T2 (S110). As a result, when it is determined that the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 is equal to or higher than the reference temperature T2 (S110: YES), it can be determined that the storage battery 2 does not need to be heated. Return to. On the other hand, when it is determined that the battery temperature of the storage battery 2 is lower than the reference temperature T2 (S110: NO), it can be determined that heating of the storage battery 2 needs to be continued, so the process returns to S90.

以上説明した本実施形態によれば、蓄電池２の温度が抵抗体１０の転移温度域（転移温度基準値）よりも高く、且つ、基準温度Ｔ２より低い温度である場合には、蓄電池２の温度が転移温度域よりも低い場合に対して、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間の充放電を繰り返す周期を変更しているので、蓄電池２の内部抵抗を増加させることができる。   According to this embodiment described above, when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is higher than the transition temperature range (transition temperature reference value) of the resistor 10 and lower than the reference temperature T2, the temperature of the storage battery 2 is reached. Is lower than the transition temperature range, the cycle in which charging and discharging between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 are repeated is changed, so that the internal resistance of the storage battery 2 can be increased.

これにより、抵抗体１０の抵抗値が低下している状態における蓄電池２を流れる電流量の急増を抑制することができる。従って、蓄電池２の温度が抵抗体１０の転移温度域（転移温度基準値）よりも高く、且つ、基準温度Ｔ２より低い温度である場合であっても、蓄電池２に大電流が流れてしまうことを抑制することができる。   Thereby, the sudden increase in the amount of current flowing through the storage battery 2 in a state where the resistance value of the resistor 10 is reduced can be suppressed. Therefore, even when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is higher than the transition temperature range (transition temperature reference value) of the resistor 10 and lower than the reference temperature T2, a large current flows through the storage battery 2. Can be suppressed.

なお、本実施形態では、蓄電池２の温度が抵抗体１０の転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度Ｔ２より低い温度である場合に、蓄電池２とＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ３との間の充放電の周期を変更することで、蓄電池２に流れる電流を制限しているが、これに限定されない。このような手段によらず、蓄電池２の温度が抵抗体１０の転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、基準温度Ｔ２より低い温度である場合に、蓄電池２に流れる電流に上限値を設けて所定の電流以下に制限する構成であれば採用することができる。   In the present embodiment, when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor 10 and lower than the reference temperature T2, charging / discharging between the storage battery 2 and the DC-DC converter 3 is performed. Although the electric current which flows into the storage battery 2 is restrict | limited by changing this period, it is not limited to this. Regardless of such means, when the temperature of the storage battery 2 is higher than the transition temperature range of the resistor 10 and lower than the reference temperature T2, an upper limit value is provided for the current flowing through the storage battery 2 to a predetermined value. Any configuration that limits the current to the current or less can be employed.

以上、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではなく、各請求項に記載した範囲を逸脱しない限り、各請求項の記載文言に限定されず、当業者がそれらから容易に置き換えられる範囲にも及び、かつ、当業者が通常有する知識に基づく改良を適宜付加することができる。例えば、以下のように種々変形可能である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, Unless it deviates from the range described in each claim, it is not limited to the wording of each claim, and those skilled in the art Improvements based on the knowledge that a person skilled in the art normally has can be added as appropriate to the extent that they can be easily replaced. For example, various modifications are possible as follows.

（１）上述の各実施形態では、抵抗体１０をセル２０内部における各集電体２０１ｂ、２０２ｂに設ける構成としているが、これに限定されない。例えば、図６に示すように、セル２０内部における各正極端子２０１ａおよび各負極端子２０２ａに抵抗体１０を設ける構成としてもよい。また、セル２０内部に限らず、図７に示すように、各セル２０の端子電極２１に抵抗体１０を設ける構成としたり、各セル２０同士を接続する接続手段であるバスバー２２に抵抗体１０を設ける構成としたりしてもよい。また、セル２０内部、バスバー２２、端子電極２１のうち、複数の部位に抵抗体を設ける構成としてもよい。   (1) In each of the above-described embodiments, the resistor 10 is provided on each of the current collectors 201b and 202b inside the cell 20, but is not limited thereto. For example, as shown in FIG. 6, the resistor 10 may be provided in each positive electrode terminal 201 a and each negative electrode terminal 202 a in the cell 20. In addition to the inside of the cell 20, as shown in FIG. 7, the resistor 10 is provided on the terminal electrode 21 of each cell 20, or the resistor 10 is connected to the bus bar 22 that is a connecting means for connecting the cells 20 to each other. It may be configured to provide. Moreover, it is good also as a structure which provides a resistor in several site | part among the inside of the cell 20, the bus-bar 22, and the terminal electrode 21. FIG.

（２）上述の各実施形態では、電池加熱装置１を、薄板状（フィルム状）の複数の電池セル２０にて構成される蓄電池２に適用した例を説明したが、例えば、棒状の電池セル２０にて構成される蓄電池２や角缶状の電池セル２０にて構成される蓄電池２に適用してもよい。   (2) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the battery heating device 1 is applied to the storage battery 2 including a plurality of thin plate (film-like) battery cells 20 has been described. For example, a rod-shaped battery cell You may apply to the storage battery 2 comprised by the storage battery 2 comprised by 20 and the square can-shaped battery cell 20. FIG.

（３）上述の各実施形態では、抵抗体１０として、ＣＴＲサーミスタを採用した例を説明したが、これに限らず、ＣＴＲサーミスタ同様に、負の温度抵抗特性を有するＮＴＣサーミスタ（Negative Temperature Coefficient thermistor）を採用してもよい。また、抵抗体１０としては、負の温度抵抗特性を有するものであれば、ＣＴＲサーミスタやＮＴＣサーミスタ等のように、遷移金属酸化物により構成される半導体に限らず、導電物質と絶縁物質とで構成される複合材料にて構成されていてもよい。   (3) In each of the above-described embodiments, an example in which a CTR thermistor is used as the resistor 10 has been described. ) May be adopted. The resistor 10 is not limited to a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide, such as a CTR thermistor or an NTC thermistor, as long as it has a negative temperature resistance characteristic. You may be comprised with the composite material comprised.

（４）上述の第１実施形態では、抵抗体１０の転移温度域を、基準温度Ｔｏよりも低い温度域とする例を説明したが、蓄電池２の加熱の際に支障がなければ、抵抗体１０の転移温度域を、基準温度Ｔｏ以上の温度域としてもよい。   (4) In the above-described first embodiment, an example in which the transition temperature range of the resistor 10 is set to a temperature range lower than the reference temperature To has been described, but if there is no problem when the storage battery 2 is heated, the resistor The ten transition temperature ranges may be a temperature range equal to or higher than the reference temperature To.

（５）上述の第２実施形態では、転移温度基準値を抵抗体１０の転移温度域の中間値に設定しているが、転移温度域の範囲内であれば、例えば、温度域の上限値や下限値等に設定してもよい。   (5) In the second embodiment described above, the transition temperature reference value is set to the intermediate value of the transition temperature range of the resistor 10, but if it is within the transition temperature range, for example, the upper limit value of the temperature range Or a lower limit value.

（６）上述の各実施形態では、電池加熱装置１を車両に搭載された蓄電池２を加熱する手段とした例を説明したが、電池加熱装置１は、車両に搭載された蓄電池２に限らず、他に用いられる蓄電池２を加熱する手段としてもよい。   (6) In each of the above-described embodiments, the example in which the battery heating device 1 is a means for heating the storage battery 2 mounted on the vehicle has been described. However, the battery heating device 1 is not limited to the storage battery 2 mounted on the vehicle. It is good also as a means to heat the storage battery 2 used for others.

１ 電池加熱装置
２ 蓄電池
２０ セル（蓄電素子）
２１ 端子電極
２２ バスバー（接続手段）
３ ＤＣ−ＤＣコンバータ（電力変圧手段）
５ 制御装置（電力制御手段）
５１ 電池温度センサ（電池温度検出手段） DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Battery heating apparatus 2 Storage battery 20 Cell (electric storage element)
21 Terminal electrode 22 Bus bar (connecting means)
3 DC-DC converter (power transformation means)
5 Control device (power control means)
51 Battery temperature sensor (battery temperature detection means)

Claims (3)

充放電可能な蓄電池（２）を加熱する電池加熱装置であって、
前記蓄電池（２）と熱的に接触して配置され、通電により発熱する抵抗体（１０）と、
前記蓄電池（２）の温度を検出する電池温度検出手段（５１）と、
前記蓄電池（２）の入出力電圧を変圧する電力変圧手段（３）と、
前記電力変圧手段（３）の作動を制御する電力制御手段（５０）と、を備え、
前記抵抗体（１０）は、前記抵抗体（１０）の温度の低下に伴って抵抗値が増加する温度抵抗特性を有して構成されると共に前記蓄電池（２）に対して電気的に直列接続されており、
前記電力制御手段（５０）は、前記電池温度検出手段（５１）の検出値が予め設定された基準温度よりも低い場合に、前記電力変圧手段（３）を作動させて、前記蓄電池（２）と前記電力変圧手段（３）との間で充放電を繰り返すようになっており、
前記抵抗体（１０）は、前記抵抗体（１０）の温度が所定の転移温度域を超えると急激に抵抗値が低下するように構成されており、
前記転移温度域は、前記基準温度よりも低い温度域であり、
前記電力制御手段（５０）は、前記蓄電池（２）の温度が前記転移温度域よりも高く、且つ、前記基準温度より低い温度である場合の前記蓄電池（２）と前記電力変圧手段（３）との間における充放電を繰り返す周期を、前記蓄電池（２）の温度が前記転移温度域より低い場合の前記蓄電池（２）と前記電力変圧手段（３）との間における充放電を繰り返す周期と異なる周期に変更することを特徴とする電池加熱装置。 A battery heating device for heating a chargeable / dischargeable storage battery (2),
A resistor (10) disposed in thermal contact with the storage battery (2) and generating heat upon energization;
Battery temperature detection means (51) for detecting the temperature of the storage battery (2);
Power transformation means (3) for transforming the input / output voltage of the storage battery (2);
Power control means (50) for controlling the operation of the power transformation means (3),
The resistor (10) is configured to have a temperature resistance characteristic in which a resistance value increases as the temperature of the resistor (10) decreases, and is electrically connected in series to the storage battery (2). Has been
The power control means (50) activates the power transformation means (3) when the detected value of the battery temperature detection means (51) is lower than a preset reference temperature, so that the storage battery (2) And charging and discharging between the power transformation means (3) and
The resistor (10) is configured such that the resistance value decreases rapidly when the temperature of the resistor (10) exceeds a predetermined transition temperature range,
The transition temperature range is a temperature range lower than the reference temperature,
The power control means (50) includes the storage battery (2) and the power transformation means (3) when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is higher than the transition temperature range and lower than the reference temperature. And the cycle of repeating charge / discharge between the storage battery (2) and the power transformation means (3) when the temperature of the storage battery (2) is lower than the transition temperature range , A battery heating device characterized by changing to a different period . 充放電可能な蓄電池（２）を加熱する電池加熱装置であって、
前記蓄電池（２）と熱的に接触して配置され、通電により発熱する抵抗体（１０）と、
前記蓄電池（２）の温度を検出する電池温度検出手段（５１）と、
前記蓄電池（２）の入出力電圧を変圧する電力変圧手段（３）と、
前記電力変圧手段（３）の作動を制御する電力制御手段（５０）と、を備え、
前記抵抗体（１０）は、前記抵抗体（１０）の温度の低下に伴って抵抗値が増加する温度抵抗特性を有して構成されると共に前記蓄電池（２）に対して電気的に直列接続されており、
前記電力制御手段（５０）は、前記電池温度検出手段（５１）の検出値が予め設定された基準温度よりも低い場合に、前記電力変圧手段（３）を作動させて、前記蓄電池（２）と前記電力変圧手段（３）との間で充放電を繰り返すようになっており、
前記抵抗体（１０）は、前記抵抗体（１０）の温度が所定の転移温度域を超えると急激に抵抗値が低下するように構成されており、
前記転移温度域は、前記基準温度よりも低い温度域であり、
前記電力制御手段（５０）は、前記蓄電池（２）の温度が前記転移温度域より高く、且つ、前記基準温度より低い温度である場合に、前記電力変圧手段（５）と前記蓄電池（２）との間を流れる電流を所定の電流以下に制限するように前記電力変圧手段（３）の作動を制御することを特徴とする電池加熱装置。 A battery heating device for heating a chargeable / dischargeable storage battery (2),
A resistor (10) disposed in thermal contact with the storage battery (2) and generating heat upon energization;
Battery temperature detection means (51) for detecting the temperature of the storage battery (2);
Power transformation means (3) for transforming the input / output voltage of the storage battery (2);
Power control means (50) for controlling the operation of the power transformation means (3),
The resistor (10) is configured to have a temperature resistance characteristic in which a resistance value increases as the temperature of the resistor (10) decreases, and is electrically connected in series to the storage battery (2). Has been
The power control means (50) activates the power transformation means (3) when the detected value of the battery temperature detection means (51) is lower than a preset reference temperature, so that the storage battery (2) And charging and discharging between the power transformation means (3) and
The resistor (10) is configured such that the resistance value decreases rapidly when the temperature of the resistor (10) exceeds a predetermined transition temperature range,
The transition temperature range is a temperature range lower than the reference temperature,
The power control means (50), said storage battery (2) higher than the temperature of the transition temperature range of, and, if it is the reference temperature lower than the temperature, pre-Symbol power transformer means (5) and said battery (2 The battery heating device is characterized in that the operation of the power transformation means (3) is controlled so as to limit the current flowing between the first and second currents to a predetermined current or less. 前記蓄電池（２）は、複数の蓄電素子（２０）、前記複数の蓄電素子（２０）同士を接続する接続手段（２２）、および蓄電素子（２０）それぞれに設けられた端子電極（２１）を含んで構成され、
前記抵抗体（１０）は、少なくとも前記端子電極（２１）、前記接続手段（２２）、および前記蓄電素子（２０）の内部のうちいずれか１つに設けられていることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の電池加熱装置。 The storage battery (2) includes a plurality of power storage elements (20), connection means (22) for connecting the plurality of power storage elements (20), and a terminal electrode (21) provided on each of the power storage elements (20). Comprising and including
The said resistor (10) is provided in any one among the said terminal electrode (21), the said connection means (22), and the said electrical storage element (20), It is characterized by the above-mentioned. The battery heating apparatus according to 1 or 2.
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