JP5169715B2 - Heating device for vehicle power storage means - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a heating device for a power storage unit for a vehicle that heats a power storage unit that is mounted on a vehicle and can be charged and stored.

  In general, when the temperature of the storage battery decreases, the resistance increases and the discharge capacity decreases. Therefore, when the storage battery is used as a driving source for driving an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, etc., the efficiency becomes extremely low in the cold season. There is a problem. For this reason, conventionally, various technologies for warming up the storage battery at a low temperature by heat generation using the internal resistance of the heater or the storage battery have been proposed.

For example, Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for warming up by Joule loss (heat generation) of the internal resistance of a storage battery by repeatedly charging and discharging between the storage battery and an auxiliary machine.
JP 2006-174596 A

  However, in the technique described in Patent Document 1, since the internal resistance of the storage battery is designed to be as small as possible in the first place, a large amount of heat cannot be obtained even after repeated charge and discharge, and it takes time to raise the temperature. There is. On the other hand, if the internal resistance is designed to be large, the storage battery is overheated, and there is a concern about efficiency deterioration and thermal runaway during normal operation at room temperature.

  The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and an object of the present invention is to provide a heating device for a power storage means for a vehicle that can quickly heat and heat the power storage means without overheating.

In order to achieve the above object, according to the first aspect of the present invention, the resistor (321) that has negative temperature resistance characteristics and generates heat when energized is connected in parallel to the resistor (321) , and A conduction / interruption selection means (41) capable of selecting conduction and interruption; the resistor (321) is in thermal contact with the power storage means (3); 3) is configured to be heated, and the resistor (321) is characterized in that the electrical resistance value is rapidly decreased when a predetermined reference temperature is exceeded.

  The resistor (321) having a negative temperature resistance characteristic, that is, the electrical resistance that decreases as the temperature increases, increases the electrical resistance at low temperatures, and thus increases Joule loss and heat generation. Since the resistance is reduced, the Joule loss is reduced and the heat generation amount is also reduced. Therefore, by using the resistor (321) having negative temperature characteristics to heat the power storage means (3), the amount of heat generated by the resistor (321) is increased and transmitted to the power storage means (3) at low temperatures. Therefore, the power storage means (3) can be quickly heated and heated. Since the amount of heat generated by the resistor (321) decreases and the amount of heat transferred to the power storage means (3) decreases when the temperature rises, overheating of the power storage means (3) can be suppressed.

  Further, by providing the conduction / interruption selection means (41) capable of selecting the conduction and interruption of the current, the current is conducted to the conduction / interruption selection means (41) when the power storage means (3) is discharged, and the power storage means (3) The conduction cutoff selection means (41) can be configured to cut off the current flowing through the conduction cutoff selection means (41) during charging.

  As a result, when the power storage means (3) and the resistor (321) are at a low temperature during the discharge of the power storage means (3), a current flows through the conduction cutoff selection means (41), so that a current flows through the resistor (321). It can suppress that the discharge capability to an external apparatus falls by flowing. On the other hand, when the power storage means (3) and the resistor (321) are at a low temperature when the power storage means (3) is charged, no current flows through the conduction cutoff selection means (41), and only current flows through the resistor (321). Since it flows, warming-up of the electrical storage means (3) can be performed.

  Further, when the power storage means (3) and the resistor (321) are at a high temperature during the discharge of the power storage means (3), a current flows through the resistor (321) and the conduction cutoff selection means (41) whose resistance value has decreased. Therefore, the discharge to the external device can be performed satisfactorily. On the other hand, when the power storage means (3) and the resistor (321) are at a high temperature during charging of the power storage means (3), no current flows through the conduction cutoff selection means (41), and only current flows through the resistor (321). Although it flows, since the resistance value of the resistor (321) is reduced and the amount of heat generated is small, the charge capacity of the power storage means (3) can be ensured.

In the first aspect of the present invention, the resistance value calculating means for calculating the resistance value of the resistor (321), the power storage side temperature detecting means (7) for detecting the temperature of the power storage means (3), and the power storage side Based on the temperature of the power storage means (3) detected by the temperature detection means (7), after calculating the maximum current value that can flow to the power storage means (3), the resistor calculated by the resistance value calculation means (70) Based on the resistance value and the maximum current value of (321), the maximum heat generation amount calculation means (S174) for calculating the maximum heat generation amount of the resistor (321), and the maximum amount of power that can be transferred by the power storage means (3) It is characterized by comprising a calorific value addition means (S175) for adding the calorific value.

According to this, the amount of power sent to the power storage means (3) during charging can be adjusted in consideration of the amount of power consumed by the resistor (321), so the warm-up property of the power storage means (3) can be reduced. In addition to being able to improve, it is possible to prevent an unnecessarily large amount of current from flowing through the power storage means (3), so that overcharging of the power storage means (3) due to overcurrent can be suppressed.

Further, in the invention according to claim 2, the temperature comprise a resistor temperature detecting means for detecting (70) the resistor antibody (321), the resistance value calculation unit, detected by the resistor temperature detector (70) based on the temperature of the resistor (321) is characterized in a Turkey to calculate the resistance value of the resistor (321). According to this, it becomes possible to indirectly detect the resistance value from the temperature of the resistor (321).

Further, as in the third aspect of the present invention, the conduction cut-off selecting means may be a diode (41) installed in such a direction as to conduct current during discharging and cut off current during charging.

The invention according to claim 4 is characterized in that a positive characteristic resistor (42) having a positive temperature resistance characteristic is connected in series to the resistor (321).

  A positive resistance element (42) having a positive temperature resistance characteristic, that is, an electric resistance that increases as the temperature increases, is, for example, less than a few percent of the internal resistance when the electric resistance falls below the upper limit of the use temperature of the battery. Yes, by setting the electrical resistance so that it rapidly increases to several tens of times the internal resistance when the battery operating temperature upper limit is exceeded, the electrical resistance is reduced when it is within the operating temperature range of the power storage means (3). Since the loss due to Joule heat is small, the influence of the positive characteristic resistor (42) on the discharge capacity of the power storage means (3) is small, that is, the discharge capacity of the power storage means (3) is hardly lowered. On the other hand, when the positive characteristic resistor (42) is at a temperature higher than the operating temperature range of the power storage means (3), the electric resistance increases, and the current flowing through the positive characteristic resistor (42) decreases. For this reason, since the electric current which flows into the electrical storage means (3) connected in series with respect to the positive characteristic resistor (42) becomes small, overheating of the electrical storage means (3) and use at a high temperature above the operating temperature range It becomes possible to suppress.

Further, the invention according to claim 5 includes a plurality of power storage units (30A, 30B) having power storage means (3A, 3B), and at least one power storage unit (30A) among the plurality of power storage units (30A, 30B). , 30B) are provided with a resistor (321) and a conduction cut-off selection means (41). According to this, it becomes possible to quickly heat and heat the plurality of power storage means (3A, 3B).

It is preferable as defined in claim 6, charge reservoir means (3) are electrically in series by a plurality of battery modules (31), the battery module (31) connection means for electrically connecting to each other The battery module (31) may be in thermal contact with the resistor (321) and heated by the heat generated by the resistor (321).

In the invention according to claim 7 , the connection means (32) is provided with heat transfer promotion means (43) for promoting heat transfer between the connection means (32) and air. Yes.

  According to this, heat (for example, exhaust heat of the fuel cell (1), exhaust heat of the engine, heating heat of the vehicle, etc.) generated by the external device is transferred via the medium (for example, air) by the heat transfer promoting means (43). Can be collected and transmitted to the storage means (3). For this reason, in combination with the resistor (321), the heat generated by the external device can be used to warm up the power storage means (3), so that the power storage means (3) can be heated quickly. It becomes.

The invention according to claim 8 is characterized in that the resistor (321) is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide. According to this, for example, an NTC thermistor or a CTR thermistor can be adopted as the resistor (321).

The invention according to claim 9 is characterized in that the resistor (321) is a composite material composed of a conductive substance and an insulating substance. According to this, the resistor (321) is made of a composite material composed of, for example, a high thermal expansion conductive material and a low thermal expansion insulating material, and has a negative temperature resistance characteristic using a difference in thermal expansion between the two materials. It is possible to employ one having

  In addition, the code | symbol in the bracket | parenthesis of each means described in this column and the claim shows the correspondence with the specific means as described in embodiment mentioned later.

(First embodiment)
Hereinafter, a first embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to an electric vehicle (fuel cell vehicle) that runs using a fuel cell as a power source.

  FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system according to the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes a fuel cell 1 that generates electric power using an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. In this embodiment, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell is used as the fuel cell 1, and a plurality of fuel cells serving as basic units are stacked.

  In the fuel cell 1, the following electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen occurs to generate electrical energy.

Anode (hydrogen electrode) H ₂ → 2H ⁺ + 2e ⁻
Cathode (oxygen electrode) 2H ⁺ + 1 / 2O ₂ + 2e ⁻ → H ₂ O
Overall H ₂ + 1 / 2O ₂ → H ₂ O
The fuel cell 1 and the secondary battery 3 are electrically connected via a DC-DC converter 2. The DC-DC converter 2 controls the flow of power from the fuel cell 1 to the secondary battery 3 or from the secondary battery 3 to the fuel cell 1. The DC-DC converter 2 is a step-up / down chopper circuit that charges the secondary battery 3 with the electric power generated in the fuel cell 1 and supplies the electric power stored in the secondary battery 3 to the fuel cell 1 and the traveling inverter 4. It is a device that can. The DC-DC converter 2 can exchange power bidirectionally regardless of the magnitude of the voltage.

  The secondary battery 3 stores the electric energy supplied from the fuel cell 1 and supplies the stored electric energy to various electric loads. For example, a nickel metal hydride battery or a lithium ion battery can be used.

  A traveling inverter 4 is connected between the fuel cell 1 and the DC-DC converter 2. Power from the fuel cell 1 or power from the secondary battery 3 via the DC-DC converter 2 is supplied to the traveling inverter 4. The traveling inverter 4 may be connected between the DC-DC converter 2 and the secondary battery 3.

  The traveling inverter 4 is an inverter for driving the traveling motor 5 or regenerating electric power. The traveling inverter 4 of the present embodiment is a three-phase inverter, and supplies the three-phase AC power to the traveling motor 5 and rotates the traveling motor 5 to cause the fuel cell vehicle to travel.

  Further, the surplus power during power generation by the fuel cell 1 can be stored in the secondary battery 3. Since the secondary battery 3 can store electric power regenerated by a regenerative brake or the like, an efficient vehicle system can be obtained. Usually, the secondary battery 3 is charged in an optimal charging state. In the present embodiment, power is supplied from the secondary battery 3 to the driving inverter 4. For example, when a large amount of power is required suddenly during sudden acceleration, the secondary battery 3 not only from the fuel cell 1 but also from the secondary battery 3. This can be dealt with by drawing electric power from the battery 3 and supplying it to the traveling inverter 4.

  Further, between the fuel cell 1 and the DC-DC converter 2, a compressor motor 61 as an auxiliary device for driving a compressor (not shown) for supplying oxygen gas (air) to the oxygen electrode of the fuel cell 1. A compressor inverter 62 for operating the compressor is connected. Although not shown, a water pump inverter for operating a water pump that circulates cooling water for cooling the fuel cell 1 is also connected between the fuel cell 1 and the DC-DC converter 2. . The secondary battery 3 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 for detecting the temperature of the secondary battery 3. The compressor motor 61 is supplied with power from the fuel cell 1, and is also supplied with power from the secondary battery 3 when the fuel cell 1 is started up.

  FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the secondary battery 3 in the first embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, the secondary battery 3 of this embodiment includes a plurality of battery modules 31 that are electrically connected in series. On the end face of each battery module 31, a terminal 311 for inputting / outputting current to / from the battery module 31 is formed. In order to connect the terminals 311 of the battery modules 31 to each other, a bus bar 32 is disposed between the adjacent battery modules 31. By connecting the bus bar 32 to the respective terminals 311 of the plurality of battery modules 31, the battery modules 31 are electrically connected in series in the secondary battery 3.

  The bus bar 32 has a negative temperature resistance characteristic, that is, a resistor whose resistance value decreases as the temperature rises, and whose resistance value increases rapidly when the temperature falls below a predetermined reference temperature (hereinafter referred to as CTR reference temperature). 321 is provided. The resistor 321 is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide, and in the present embodiment, a CTR thermistor whose resistance value rapidly increases when it becomes below freezing (0 ° C. or lower) is used. The resistor 321 is formed in a plate shape, and a current collecting heat transfer plate 322 for transferring heat between the battery module 31 and the resistor 321 is disposed on both surfaces thereof. The heat (Joule loss) generated when the resistor 321 is energized is transmitted to the battery module 31 via the current collecting heat transfer plate 322. The current collecting heat transfer plate 322 and the battery module 31 may be electrically insulated.

  Returning to FIG. 1, the fuel cell system is provided with a control unit (ECU) 100 as control means for performing various controls. The control unit 100 is configured by a known microcomputer including a CPU, a ROM, a RAM, an I / O, and the like, and executes processing such as various calculations according to a program stored in the ROM. The control unit 100 receives a required power signal from various loads, a temperature signal from the temperature sensor 7, and the like. The control unit 100 is configured to output a control signal to the DC-DC converter 2, the inverters 4, 62, and the like.

  Next, the secondary battery warm-up control of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control performed by the control unit 100 in accordance with a program stored in a ROM or the like.

First, it detects the temperature _{T B} of the temperature sensor 7 the secondary battery 3, to detect the state of charge SOC of the secondary battery 3 (S110). Next, it is determined whether or not the secondary battery temperature _{T B} is equal to or higher than the reference temperature _{T L} (S120). The “reference temperature T _L ” is a lower limit temperature estimated that the charge / discharge performance of the secondary battery 3 is lowered, and is a value that can be arbitrarily set. In the present embodiment, the reference temperature _TL is set to 0 ° C.

S120 of the determination process results, if the rechargeable battery temperature T _B is determined to be equal to or greater than the reference temperature T _L (S120: YES), since the warm-up of the secondary battery 3 can be judged to be unnecessary, Normal running is started (S130).

On the other hand, the result of the determination process of S120, if the rechargeable battery temperature T _B is determined to be not equal to or greater than the reference temperature T _L (S120: NO), determines that it is necessary for warming up the secondary battery 3 since it starts secondary battery warm-up mode, to set the charge and discharge pattern of the secondary battery 3 in accordance with the secondary battery temperature T _B detected by the S110 (S140).

  In the secondary battery warm-up mode, first, auxiliary devices (such as the compressor motor 61 and a water pump (not shown)) are started by the secondary battery 3 (S150). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not power generation in the fuel cell 1 is started (S160).

  As a result of the determination process in S160, when it is determined that the power generation in the fuel cell 1 is not started (S160: NO), the process returns to S150, and on the other hand, it is determined that the power generation in the fuel cell 1 is started. In such a case (S160: YES), the auxiliary device is operated by the fuel cell 1, and the fuel cell vehicle starts to travel (S170).

  Subsequently, pulse charge / discharge is repeated between the fuel cell 1 and the secondary battery 3 and between the auxiliary machine and the secondary battery 3 with the charge / discharge pattern set in S140 (S180). As a result, a current flows through the resistor 321 and the temperature of the resistor 321 rises due to heat (Joule loss) generated during energization, so that the secondary battery 3 that is in thermal contact with the resistor 321 is heated. .

Next, it is determined whether or not it is more than the reference temperature _{T L} again rechargeable battery temperature _{T B} (S190). Determination process results in S190, if the rechargeable battery temperature T _B is determined to be not equal to or greater than the reference temperature T _L (S190: NO), determines that it is necessary to continue to warm up the secondary battery 3 Since it can, it returns to S180. On the other hand, when the rechargeable battery temperature T _B is determined to be equal to or greater than the reference temperature T _L (S190: YES), it can be determined that may end the warming-up of the secondary battery 3, the secondary The battery warm-up mode is terminated and normal running is started (S130).

  As described above, the resistor 321 having a negative temperature resistance characteristic has an increased electrical resistance at low temperatures, and thus increases Joule loss and heat generation. However, since the electrical resistance decreases at high temperatures, the Joule loss is increased. Decreases and the calorific value decreases. Therefore, by using the resistor 321 to heat the secondary battery 3, the amount of heat generated by the resistor 321 increases and the amount of heat transferred to the secondary battery 3 increases at low temperatures. Can be quickly warmed up. In addition, when the temperature rises, the amount of heat generated by the resistor 321 is reduced and heat transfer to the secondary battery 3 is suppressed, so that overheating of the secondary battery 3 can be suppressed.

  In addition, by using a CTR thermistor whose electric resistance value rapidly increases below a predetermined reference temperature as the resistor 321, for example, when the temperature exceeds 0 ° C., the electric resistance value of the resistor 321 is rapidly reduced. Since heat generation due to Joule loss can be suppressed rapidly, overheating of the secondary battery 3 can be more reliably suppressed.

(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 4 is a transparent perspective view showing the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 in the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 4, the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 of the present embodiment includes a laminated electrode body 35 configured by stacking a plurality of electrode plates 33 on a sheet in an insulated state with separators 34, and a laminated electrode body 35. And a pair of current collectors 36 arranged so as to sandwich the electrode body 35 therebetween. The laminated electrode body 35 is impregnated or injected with an electrolytic solution.

  More specifically, in the collecting electrode body 35, an electrode plate (hereinafter referred to as a positive electrode plate 331) serving as a positive electrode and an electrode plate (hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode plate 332) serving as a negative electrode are alternately overlapped. . Further, the end of the positive electrode plate 331 is collectively connected to one current collector (hereinafter, referred to as a positive electrode current collector 361). And the edge part of the negative electrode plate 332 is collectively connected to the other collector (henceforth the negative electrode collector 362). As a result, all the positive electrode plates 331 and the positive electrode current collectors 361 are electrically connected, and all the negative electrode plates 332 and the negative electrode current collectors 362 are electrically connected.

  In the second embodiment, the resistor 321 is disposed between the current collector 36 and the terminal plate 37. The resistor 321 is in thermal contact with the current collector 36, and heat (joule loss) generated when the resistor 321 is energized is transmitted to the electrolyte solution via the current collector 36. ing. Thus, since the electrolyte solution can be directly heated by arranging the resistor 321 in the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3, the temperature of the secondary battery 3 can be raised earlier.

(Third embodiment)
Next, a third embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and description thereof is omitted.

  FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, the present embodiment is provided with two secondary battery units 30 </ b> A and 30 </ b> B including a secondary battery 3 and a temperature sensor 7. That is, the fuel cell system according to the present embodiment includes the first secondary battery unit 3A having the first secondary battery 3A and the first temperature sensor 7A, and the second secondary battery 3B and the second temperature sensor 7B. A second secondary battery unit 3B is provided. The first and second secondary battery units 3A and 3B are connected in parallel.

  The first secondary battery 3A is electrically connected to the fuel cell 1 via the first DC-DC converter 2A, and the second secondary battery 3B is electrically connected to the fuel cell 1 via the second DC-DC converter 2B. It is connected to the. Then, on the current path connecting both electrodes of the fuel cell 1 and the first and second DC-DC converters 2A and 2B, there is an electrical connection between the fuel cell 1 and the first and second secondary cells 3A and 3B. A first switch 8a and a second switch 8b that can be opened and closed are provided.

  Next, the secondary battery warm-up control of this embodiment will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control of the third embodiment.

First, the first switch 8a and a second switch 8b is in the closed state (ON) (S100), and detects the temperature _{T B1} of the first secondary battery 3A at a first temperature sensor 7A, first by the second temperature sensor 7B It detects the temperature _{T B2} of the 2 secondary battery 3B, and each secondary battery 3A, detects the state of charge SOC of 3B (S111).

Next, it is determined whether or not both the first secondary battery temperature _TB1 and the second secondary battery _TB2 are equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL (S121). As a result of the determination process of S120, when it is determined that the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are both equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL (S121: YES), the secondary batteries 3A and 3B. Since it can be determined that no warm-up is required, normal running is started (S130).

On the other hand, as a result of the determination process of S121, the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are not equal to or higher than the reference temperature T _L , that is, the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _If it is determined that at least one of _B2 is lower than the reference temperature _TL (S121: NO), it can be determined that the secondary batteries 3A and 3B need to be warmed up. The charging / discharging pattern of the secondary batteries 3A and 3B corresponding to the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 detected in S111 is set (S140).

  In the secondary battery warm-up mode, first, auxiliary machines (compressor motor 61, water pump, etc.) are started by the first and second secondary batteries 3A, 3B (S151). Subsequently, it is determined whether or not power generation in the fuel cell 1 is started (S160).

  As a result of the determination process in S160, if it is determined that power generation in the fuel cell 1 has not started (S160: NO), the process returns to S151, while it is determined that power generation in the fuel cell 1 has started. In such a case (S160: YES), the auxiliary device is operated by the fuel cell 1, and the fuel cell vehicle starts to travel (S170).

  Subsequently, the first switch 8a and the second switch 8b are opened (OFF) (S171), and pulse charge / discharge is repeated between the first secondary battery 3A and the second secondary battery 3B (S181). As a result, a current flows through the resistor 321 of each of the secondary battery units 30A and 30B, and the temperature of the resistor 321 rises due to heat (Joule loss) generated during energization, so that the resistor 321 is in thermal contact. The secondary batteries 3A and 3B are heated.

Next, it is determined again whether the first secondary battery temperature _TB1 and the second secondary battery _TB2 are both equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL (S191). As a result of the determination process in S191, when it is determined that the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are not equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL (S191: NO), the secondary battery 3A Since it can be determined that it is necessary to continue the warm-up of 3B, the process returns to S181. On the other hand, if it is determined that the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are both equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL (S191: YES), the secondary batteries 3A and 3B are warmed up. Since it can be determined that the secondary battery warm-up mode is finished, the first switch 8a and the second switch 8b are closed (ON) (S192), and then normal running is started (S130). ).

  As described above, the first and second second battery units 3A having the first secondary battery 3A and the second secondary battery unit 3B having the second secondary battery 3B are provided. By repeating charging and discharging between the secondary batteries 3A and 3B, the resistors 321 of the respective secondary battery units 30A and 30B can generate heat, and the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B can be heated. Thereby, even during the secondary battery warm-up mode, the electric power generated by the fuel cell 1 can be used only for running the vehicle.

(Fourth embodiment)
Next, a fourth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the third embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 7, in the fuel cell system of the present embodiment, the resistor 321 is not provided in the second secondary battery unit 30B among the first and second secondary battery units 30A and 30B. The resistor 321 is provided only in the first secondary battery unit 30A.

  FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control according to the fourth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 8, after the charge / discharge pattern setting (S140) of the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B, the auxiliary devices (compressor motor 61, water pump, etc.) are provided by the second secondary battery 3B. Is started (S152). Here, at the time of low temperature, the auxiliary machine is started by the second secondary battery 3B of the second secondary battery unit 30B not provided with the resistor 321 so as to secure the starting power at the time of low temperature. be able to. Furthermore, since the resistor 321 is not provided in the second secondary battery unit 30B, it is possible to more reliably supply the electric power necessary for starting the vehicle at a low temperature and reduce the number of parts.

(Fifth embodiment)
Next, a fifth embodiment of the present invention will be described based on FIG. 9 and FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the fourth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the fourth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 9 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 9, the second secondary battery unit 30B of this embodiment is provided with an electric heater 38 that generates heat when supplied with electric power. The electric heater 38 is connected in parallel to the second secondary battery 3B and is in thermal contact with the second secondary battery 3B. For this reason, the second secondary battery 3 </ b> B is heated by the heat generated by the electric heater 38. The second secondary battery unit 30B is provided with a third switch 39 for switching between supply and stop of power to the electric heater 38.

FIG. 10 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control of the fifth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, before the detection of the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 and the state of charge SOC of each of the secondary batteries 3A and 3B (S111), the first and second switches 8a, 8b is closed (ON), and the third switch 39 is opened (OFF) (S101), so that electric power is not supplied to the electric heater 38.

  In addition, after the auxiliary equipment is operated by the fuel cell 1 and the fuel cell vehicle is started to travel (S170), the first and second switches 8a and 8b are opened (off), and the third The switch 39 is closed (ON) (S171) so that electric power is supplied to the electric heater 38. Thereby, since the electric heater 38 generates heat, the second secondary battery 3B can be heated.

In addition, the first and second switches 8a and 8b are closed after the determination process S191 for determining whether or not the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are both equal to or higher than the reference temperature _TL. In addition to turning on, the third switch 39 is opened (off) (S193) so that electric power is not supplied to the electric heater 38. Thereby, since the heat generation of the electric heater 38 is stopped, the heating of the second secondary battery 3B is stopped.

  In the present embodiment, by providing the second secondary battery unit 30B with the electric heater 38 for heating the second secondary battery 3B, the second secondary battery 3B can be heated early in the secondary battery warm-up mode. Can do.

(Sixth embodiment)
Next, a sixth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The present embodiment is an example in which the present invention is applied to a hybrid vehicle using an internal combustion engine and a motor generator as a driving source for traveling. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the fifth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the fifth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 11 is a conceptual diagram of the hybrid vehicle of the sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 11, the hybrid vehicle includes an internal combustion engine 91 and a motor generator 5 as a driving source for traveling. Power is supplied to the motor generator 5 from the first and second secondary batteries 3 </ b> A and 3 </ b> B via the inverter 4.

  The generator 92 is driven by the internal combustion engine 91 to generate electric power when the remaining charge amount of the first and second secondary batteries 3A, 3B becomes a predetermined value or less. The power generated by the generator 92 is supplied to the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B via the first and second DC-DC converters 2A and 2B, whereby the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B are supplied. Is charged.

  FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control according to the sixth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, after charge / discharge pattern setting S140 of the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B, cranking of the internal combustion engine 91 is started by the electric power supplied from the second secondary battery 3B ( S153), it is determined whether or not the internal combustion engine 91 has been started (S161).

  If it is determined that the internal combustion engine 91 has not been started as a result of the determination process in S161 (S161: NO), the process returns to S153. On the other hand, when it is determined that the internal combustion engine 91 has been started (S161: YES), the hybrid vehicle is started to travel by the generated power of the internal combustion engine 91 and the generator 92 (S162).

As a result of the determination process of S121, when it is determined that the first and second secondary battery temperatures T _B1 and T _B2 are both equal to or higher than the reference temperature T _L (S121: YES), After the second switch 8a, 8b is closed (ON) and the third switch 39 is opened (OFF) (S193), normal hybrid travel is started (S131).

  As in the present embodiment, even when the present invention is applied to a hybrid vehicle, the same effect as in the fifth embodiment can be obtained.

(Seventh embodiment)
Next, a seventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 13 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the seventh embodiment. As shown in FIG. 13, the resistor 321 of the present embodiment is in thermal contact with the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 and is configured to heat the secondary battery 3 by generating heat when energized. ing. Further, the secondary battery 3 is provided with a temperature sensor 7 as a power storage side temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the secondary battery 3.

  The resistor 321 is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide. In this embodiment, the resistance value when the temperature is lower than the CTR reference temperature is higher than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3 and is higher than the CTR reference temperature. A CTR thermistor having a resistance value lower than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3 is used. Further, the CTR reference temperature of the resistor 321 of the present embodiment is a temperature within the operating temperature range of the secondary battery 3.

  The resistor 321 is connected in parallel with a switch 40 that switches between current conduction and interruption. The fuel cell system of the present embodiment is configured to switch the switch 40 to cut off the current when charging and when the temperature of the secondary battery 3 detected by the temperature sensor 7 is equal to or lower than a predetermined reference temperature. Yes.

  Thereby, when charging and when the secondary battery 3 is at a low temperature below the reference temperature, the secondary battery 3 can be warmed up, and when the secondary battery 3 is at a high temperature exceeding the reference temperature, The secondary battery 3 can be warmed up to prevent overheating. In addition, when the secondary battery 3 is discharged, the switch 40 is conductive and a current flows, so that it is possible to suppress a decrease in the discharge capability to an external device.

(Eighth embodiment)
Next, an eighth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system according to the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, the resistor 321 of the present embodiment is in thermal contact with the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 and is configured to heat the secondary battery 3 by generating heat when energized. ing.

  The resistor 321 is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide. In this embodiment, the resistance value when the temperature is lower than the CTR reference temperature is higher than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3 and is higher than the CTR reference temperature. A CTR thermistor having a resistance value lower than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3 is used. Further, the CTR reference temperature of the resistor 321 of the present embodiment is a temperature within the operating temperature range of the secondary battery 3.

  A diode 41 that allows current to flow in only one direction is connected to the resistor 321 in parallel. The diode 41 of the present embodiment is configured to allow a current flowing through the diode 41 when the secondary battery 3 is discharged, and cut off a current flowing through the diode 41 when the secondary battery 3 is charged. Therefore, the diode 41 can be selected between current conduction and interruption, and corresponds to the conduction interruption selection means of the present invention.

  The secondary battery 3 is provided with a resistor temperature sensor 70 as resistor temperature detecting means for detecting the temperature of the resistor 321. A resistor temperature signal from the resistor temperature sensor 70 is input to the control unit 100. The control unit 100 of the present embodiment is configured to calculate the resistance value of the resistor 321 based on the temperature of the resistor 321 detected by the resistor temperature sensor 70.

  In addition, the control unit 100 of the present embodiment is configured to end the warm-up of the secondary battery 3 when the temperature of the secondary battery 3 is low and the resistance value of the resistor 321 is low. Thereby, overcharge of the secondary battery 3 can be suppressed when only the resistor 321 is heated and the resistance value is low, the temperature of the secondary battery 3 is low, and the charge capacity is small.

  In addition, the control unit 100 according to the present embodiment calculates the discharge capacity and the charge capacity of the secondary battery 3 based on the temperature of the secondary battery 3 detected by the temperature sensor 7 and allows it to flow during discharge and charge. The maximum possible current value is calculated. Thereby, overdischarge and overcharge due to overcurrent can be prevented.

  FIG. 15 is an exploded perspective view showing the secondary battery 3 in the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15, a resistor 321 and a diode 41 are disposed on the terminal 311 of the battery module 31. In the present embodiment, the resistor 321 and the diode 41 are disposed only on one terminal 311 of the two terminals 311 in each battery module 31. The resistor 321 and the diode 41 are integrated with the terminal 311.

  FIG. 16 is a transparent perspective view showing another example of the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the diode 41 can also be provided inside the battery module 31.

FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing the flow of secondary battery warm-up control according to the eighth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 17, the auxiliary machinery operated by the fuel cell 1, after the running of the fuel cell vehicle was started (S170), it detects the temperature T _R of the resistor 321 at a resistor temperature sensor 70, the detection calculating the resistance value of the resistor 321 on the basis of the resistor temperature _{T R} (S173).

Subsequently, the maximum heat generation amount Q _max of the resistor 321 is calculated (S174). Specifically, based on the secondary battery temperature T _B detected by the S110, after calculating the maximum current value may flow in the secondary battery 3, the maximum current value, and have been resistor 321 calculated in S173 Based on the resistance value, the maximum heat generation amount Q _max of the resistor 321 is calculated.

Subsequently, the maximum heat generation amount Q _max of the resistor 321 calculated in S174 is added to the amount of electric power that can be transferred to and from the secondary battery 3 (S175), and the processing from S180 onward is performed.

  The correspondence relationship between the configuration of the above embodiment and the configuration of the claims will be described. S173 corresponds to resistance value calculation means, S174 corresponds to maximum heat generation amount calculation means, and S175 corresponds to heat generation amount addition means. Equivalent to.

  As described above, by providing the diode 41 that conducts the current when the secondary battery 3 is discharged and cuts off the current when the secondary battery 3 is charged, the secondary battery 3 and the resistor are discharged when the secondary battery 3 is discharged. When the body 321 is at a low temperature, a current flows through the diode 41. Therefore, it is possible to suppress a decrease in the discharge capacity to the auxiliary machinery due to the current flowing through the resistor 321. On the other hand, when the secondary battery 3 and the resistor 321 are at a low temperature when the secondary battery 3 is charged, current does not flow through the diode 41 and current flows only through the resistor 321. Can do the machine.

  In addition, when the secondary battery 3 and the resistor 321 are at a high temperature when the secondary battery 3 is discharged, a current flows through the resistor 321 and the diode 41 whose resistance value has decreased, so that the discharge to the auxiliary equipment is improved. It can be carried out. On the other hand, when the secondary battery 3 and the resistor 321 are at a high temperature when the secondary battery 3 is charged, current does not flow through the diode 41 and current flows only through the resistor 321, but the resistance value of the resistor 321 decreases. Therefore, it can suppress that the discharge capability to auxiliary machines falls.

  Therefore, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to quickly raise the temperature of the secondary battery 3 without overheating while securing the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 3.

  In addition, by adding the maximum amount of heat generated by the resistor 321 to the amount of power that can be transferred to and from the secondary battery 3, the amount of power that is sent to the secondary battery 3 during charging in consideration of the amount of power consumed by the resistor 321. Can be adjusted. Thereby, the warm-up property of the secondary battery 3 can be improved.

(Ninth embodiment)
Next, a ninth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the third embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the third embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 18 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the ninth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, in this embodiment, two secondary battery units including a secondary battery 3 as a power storage unit, a temperature sensor 7, and a resistor temperature sensor 70 for detecting the temperature of the resistor 321 are included. 30A and 30B are provided. That is, the fuel cell system of the present embodiment includes a first secondary battery unit 3A having a first secondary battery 3A, a first temperature sensor 7A, and a first resistor temperature sensor 70A, a second secondary battery 3B, And a second secondary battery unit 3B having a second temperature sensor 7B and a second resistor temperature sensor 70B.

  Here, the resistor 321 disposed in the first secondary battery 3A is referred to as a first resistor 321A, and the resistor 321 disposed in the second secondary battery 3B is referred to as a second resistor 321B.

Resistor temperature signals from the first and second resistor temperature sensors 70A70B are input to the controller 100. Control unit 100 of the present embodiment, to calculate the resistance value of the first resistor 321A on the basis of the temperature T _R1 of the first resistor 321A, which is detected by the first resistor temperature sensor 70A, a second resistor temperature The resistance value of the second resistor 321B is calculated based on the temperature of the second resistor 321B detected by the sensor 70B.

  Each of the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B includes a plurality of battery modules 31. Each battery module 31 of the first secondary battery 3A has a first diode 41A that allows current to flow only in one direction. The first diode 41A is connected in parallel to the first resistor 321A. Each battery module 31 of the second secondary battery 3B has a second diode 41B that allows current to flow only in one direction. The second diode 41B is connected in parallel to the second resistor 321B.

  The first diode 41A is configured to allow the current flowing through the first diode 41A when the first secondary battery 3A is discharged, and to block the current flowing through the first diode 41A when the first secondary battery 3A is charged. Has been. The second diode 41B is configured to allow the current flowing through the second diode 41B when the second secondary battery 3B is discharged, and to block the current flowing through the second diode 41B when the second secondary battery 3B is charged. Has been. Therefore, the first and second diodes 41A and 41B can be selected between current conduction and interruption, and correspond to the conduction interruption selection means of the present invention.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing a flow of secondary battery warm-up control according to the ninth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 19, after the auxiliary devices are operated by the fuel cell 1 and the fuel cell vehicle is started to run (S170), the temperature T _R1 of the first resistor 321A is set by the first resistor temperature sensor 70A. detected, calculates the resistance value of the first resistor 321A on the basis of the detected resistor temperature T _R1, the second resistor temperature sensor 70B detects the temperature T _R2 of the second resistor 321B, is detected and calculating the resistance value of the second resistor 321B based on the resistor temperature _{T R2} (S173A).

Subsequently, the maximum heat generation amounts Q _max1 and Q _max2 of the first and second resistors 321A and 321B are calculated (S174A). Specifically, based on the first secondary battery temperature T _B1 detected in S111, after calculating the maximum current value which can flow through the first secondary battery 3A, the maximum current value, and calculated in S173A based on the resistance value of the first resistor 321A, and calculates the maximum heat _{Q max1} of the first resistor 321A, on the basis of the second secondary battery temperature _{T B2} detected in S111, the second secondary battery After calculating the maximum current value that can flow through 3B, the maximum heat generation amount Q _max2 of the second resistor 321B is calculated based on the maximum current value and the resistance value of the second resistor 321B calculated in S173A.

Subsequently, the maximum heat generation amount Q _max1 of the first resistor 321A calculated in S174A is added to the amount of power that can be transferred to and from the first secondary battery 3A, and the amount of power that can be transferred to and from the second secondary battery 3B. Is added to the maximum heat generation amount Q _max2 of the second resistor 321B calculated in S174A (S175A).

  Subsequently, the first switch 8a and the second switch 8b are opened (OFF) (S176), and the processing from S181 is performed.

  The correspondence between the configuration in the above embodiment and the configuration of the claims will be described. S173A corresponds to the resistance value calculation means, S174A corresponds to the maximum heat generation amount calculation means, and S175A corresponds to the heat generation amount addition means. Equivalent to.

  As described above, by providing the resistor 321 and the diode 41 in each of the first and second secondary battery units 30A and 30B, the discharge capacity of the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B is secured. The first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B can be heated quickly without overheating.

  Further, the first and second resistors 321A and 321B are added by adding the maximum heat generation amount of the first and second resistors 321A and 321B to the amount of power that can be transmitted and received by the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B. Can be adjusted in consideration of the amount of power consumed by the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B during charging. Thereby, while being able to improve the warm-up property of 1st, 2nd secondary battery 3A, 3B, since it can prevent that the electric current more than necessary flows into 1st, 2nd secondary battery 3A, 3B, It is possible to suppress overcharging of the first and second secondary batteries 3A and 3B due to overcurrent.

(10th Embodiment)
Next, a tenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the eighth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the eighth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of the tenth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 20, the resistor 321 has a positive temperature resistance characteristic, that is, a resistance value increases as the temperature rises, and the temperature becomes higher than a predetermined reference temperature (hereinafter referred to as a PTC reference temperature). Positive characteristic resistors 42 whose resistance value increases rapidly are electrically connected in series. In the present embodiment, the positive characteristic resistor 42 is also connected in series to the diode 41.

  The positive characteristic resistor 42 is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide. In this embodiment, the resistance value when the temperature is lower than the PTC reference temperature is lower than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3, and the PTC reference temperature is A positive temperature coefficient thermistor (PTC element) is used in which the resistance value at a higher temperature is higher than the internal resistance of the secondary battery 3 and the PTC reference temperature is set higher than the CTR reference temperature. Further, the PTC reference temperature of the positive characteristic resistor 42 of the present embodiment is a temperature near the high temperature limit of the operating temperature range of the secondary battery 3.

  As described above, in the case where the positive characteristic resistor 42 having the positive temperature resistance characteristic is in the operating temperature range of the secondary battery 3, the electric resistance becomes small and the loss due to Joule heat is small. The influence of the body 42 on the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 3 is small, that is, the discharge capacity of the secondary battery 3 is hardly lowered. On the other hand, when the positive characteristic resistor 42 is at a high temperature that is higher than the operating temperature range of the secondary battery 3, the electrical resistance increases and the current flowing through the positive characteristic resistor 42 decreases. For this reason, since the electric current which flows into the resistor 321 connected in series with respect to the positive characteristic resistor 42 becomes small, it is possible to suppress overheating of the secondary battery 3 and use at a high temperature exceeding the operating temperature range. It becomes.

(Eleventh embodiment)
Next, an eleventh embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the first embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 21 is an exploded perspective view showing the secondary battery 3 in the eleventh embodiment. As shown in FIG. 21, fins 43 that promote heat transfer between the bus bar 32 and the air are joined to the bus bar 32 that electrically connects the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 and the resistor 321. .

  The fins 43 are corrugated fins formed by bending a metal thin plate having excellent heat conductivity into a wave shape. In the present embodiment, the fins 43 are disposed in a strip-shaped portion (hereinafter referred to as a strip-shaped portion 320) connecting the current collecting heat transfer plate 32 and the terminal 311 in the bus bar 32. The bus bar 32 corresponds to the connecting means of the present invention, and the fins 43 correspond to the heat transfer promoting means.

  As described above, by providing the fins 43 on the bus bar 32, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 can be recovered via the air by the fins 43 and transmitted to the secondary battery 3. For this reason, in combination with the resistor 321, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 can be used for warming up the secondary battery 3, so that the secondary battery 3 can be quickly heated and heated.

(Twelfth embodiment)
Next, a twelfth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the eighth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the eighth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view showing the secondary battery 3 in the twelfth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 22, a bus bar 32 that electrically connects a terminal 311 provided with a resistor 321 and a diode 41 in the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 and a terminal 311 of another adjacent battery module 31. The fins 43 that promote heat transfer between the bus bar 32 and the air are joined to each other.

  The fins 43 are corrugated fins formed by bending a metal thin plate having excellent heat conductivity into a wave shape. The bus bar 32 corresponds to the connecting means of the present invention, and the fins 43 correspond to the heat transfer promoting means.

  As described above, by providing the fins 43 on the bus bar 32, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 can be recovered via the air by the fins 43 and transmitted to the secondary battery 3. For this reason, in combination with the resistor 321, the exhaust heat of the fuel cell 1 can be used for warming up the secondary battery 3, so that the secondary battery 3 can be quickly heated and heated.

(13th Embodiment)
Next, a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Hereinafter, the same parts as those in the twelfth embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will be omitted. Only parts different from those in the twelfth embodiment will be described.

  FIG. 23 is an enlarged perspective view showing the bus bar 32 in the thirteenth embodiment. As shown in FIG. 23, fins 43 are joined to the bus bar 32, and the resistor 321 and the diode 41 are integrated. Also in the present embodiment, it is possible to obtain the same effect as in the eleventh embodiment.

(Other embodiments)
In each of the above embodiments, a CTR thermistor is used as the resistor 321. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an NTC thermistor may be used.

  In each of the above embodiments, a semiconductor made of a transition metal oxide is used as the resistor 321. However, a composite material made of a conductive material and an insulating material may be used.

  In the fourth to sixth embodiments, examples in which the first secondary battery unit 30A having the resistor 321 and the second secondary battery unit 30B not having the resistor 321 are provided one by one have been described. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and two or more first and second secondary battery units 30A and 30B may be provided, or any one of the first and second secondary battery units 30A and 30B may be provided. Two or more may be provided, and the other may be provided.

Also, the eighth to tenth, twelfth, the thirteenth embodiment, the resistor temperature sensor 70 detects the temperature _{T R} of the resistor 321, the indirect resistance value of the resistor 321 from the resistive temperature _{T R} However, the present invention is not limited to this, and a resistance value sensor that detects the resistance value of the resistor 321 may be provided, and the resistance value of the resistor 321 may be directly detected. In this case, the resistance value of the resistor 321 can be easily detected.

  Moreover, although the said 9th Embodiment demonstrated the example which provided the resistor 321 and the diode 41 in both 1st, 2nd secondary battery unit 30A, 30B, it is not restricted to this, 1st, 2nd 2nd The resistor 321 and the diode 41 may be provided only in one of the secondary battery units 30A and 30B.

  In the tenth embodiment, a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide is used as the positive characteristic resistor 42. However, a composite material composed of a conductive substance and an insulating substance may be used.

  Moreover, although the said 9th Embodiment demonstrated the example which used the secondary battery as both the electrical storage means mounted in 1st, 2nd secondary battery unit 3A, 3B, it is not restricted to this, A plurality of units are used. Of these, if a secondary battery is used as the power storage means mounted on at least one unit, a capacitor may be used as the power storage means mounted on another unit.

  In the tenth embodiment, the example in which the positive characteristic resistor 42 is connected in series to the resistor 321 and the diode 41 has been described. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the resistor 321 is connected in series. The diode 41 may be connected in parallel.

  In this case, since the current flowing through the diode 41 is interrupted during charging, the current flows to the resistor 321 and the positive characteristic resistor 42 side. However, since the electric resistance of the positive characteristic resistor 42 increases at a high temperature, the resistor 321. The current flowing through can be suppressed. Therefore, overheating of the secondary battery 3 can be suppressed. On the other hand, since a current flows through the diode 41 at the time of discharging, the secondary battery 3 can be discharged even if the electrical resistance of the positive characteristic resistor 42 is increased at a high temperature.

  Moreover, you may combine each said embodiment suitably in the possible range besides the above-mentioned range.

It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 1st Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the secondary battery 3 in 1st Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 1st Embodiment. It is a permeation | transmission perspective view which shows the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 in 2nd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 3rd Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 3rd Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 4th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 4th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 5th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 5th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the hybrid vehicle of 6th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 6th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 7th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 8th Embodiment. It is a permeation | transmission perspective view which shows the battery module 31 of the secondary battery 3 in 8th Embodiment. It is a permeation | transmission perspective view which shows the other example of 8th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 8th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 9th Embodiment. It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the secondary battery warm-up control of 9th Embodiment. It is a conceptual diagram of the fuel cell system of 10th Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the secondary battery 3 in 11th Embodiment. It is a disassembled perspective view which shows the secondary battery 3 in 12th Embodiment. It is an expansion perspective view which shows the bus-bar 32 in 13th Embodiment.

Explanation of symbols

3 Secondary battery (electric storage means)
30A First secondary battery unit (first power storage unit)
30B Second secondary battery unit (second power storage unit)
32 Bus bar (connection means)
38 Electric heater (heating element)
41 Diode (conduction cutoff selection means)
43 Fins (heat transfer promotion means)
321 resistor

Claims (9)

A heating device for a vehicle power storage means mounted on a vehicle equipped with a power storage means (3) that can be charged and stored,
A resistor (321) having negative temperature resistance characteristics and generating heat upon energization;
A conduction cutoff selection means (41) connected in parallel to the resistor (321) and capable of selecting between conduction and cutoff of a current;
The resistor (321) is in thermal contact with the power storage means (3), and is configured such that the power storage means (3) is heated by the heat generated by the resistor (321).
The resistor (321) is configured such that an electrical resistance value decreases rapidly when a predetermined reference temperature is exceeded ,
The heating device for the power storage means for the vehicle further includes:
Resistance value calculating means for calculating a resistance value of the resistor (321);
Power storage side temperature detection means (7) for detecting the temperature of the power storage means (3);
Based on the temperature of the power storage means (3) detected by the power storage side temperature detection means (7), after calculating the maximum current value that can flow to the power storage means (3), the resistance value calculation means (70) A maximum heat generation amount calculation means (S174) for calculating a maximum heat generation amount of the resistor (321) based on the resistance value of the resistor (321) and the maximum current value calculated by
A heating device for a power storage means for a vehicle , comprising: a heat generation amount addition means (S175) for adding the maximum heat generation amount to an amount of electric power that can be transmitted and received by the power storage means (3) . Resistor temperature detecting means ( 70 ) for detecting the temperature of the resistor (321);
The resistance value calculated hand stage, the vehicle storage means according to claim 1, characterized in that to calculate the resistance value based on the temperature of the resistor detected by the resistor temperature detector (70) Heating device. The heating of the vehicle power storage means according to claim 1 or 2 , wherein the conduction cut-off selection means is a diode (41) installed in such a direction as to conduct current during discharging and cut off current during charging. apparatus. The positive characteristic resistor having resistance body (321) different positive temperature resistance characteristic (42), the resistor (321) of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is connected in series to The heating device for the power storage means for a vehicle according to any one of the above. A plurality of power storage units (30A, 30B) having the power storage means (3A, 3B);
The at least one power storage unit (30A, 30B) among the plurality of power storage units (30A, 30B) is provided with the resistor (321) and the conduction cutoff selection means (41). Item 5. The heating device for vehicle power storage means according to any one of Items 1 to 4 . Before SL storage means (3) are electrically in series by a plurality of battery modules (31) is constituted by said battery module (31) connecting means for electrically connecting to each other (32),
The battery module (31), said resistor body (321) is in thermal contact, we claim 1, characterized in that is adapted to be heated by the heat generation of the resistor (321) 3 The heating apparatus for the power storage means for a vehicle according to any one of the above . The electric storage for vehicle according to claim 6 , wherein the connection means (32) is provided with heat transfer promotion means (43) for promoting heat transfer between the connection means (32) and air. Means heating device. The heating device for a power storage unit for a vehicle according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the resistor (321) is a semiconductor composed of a transition metal oxide. The heating device for a vehicle power storage means according to any one of claims 1 to 7 , wherein the resistor (321) is a composite material composed of a conductive substance and an insulating substance.

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