CN103408644A - 苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb及其编码基因和应用 - Google Patents
苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb及其编码基因和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb及其编码基因和应用。该苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示,编码基因的碱基序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。所述应用是苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白在制备杀虫剂中的应用,以及编码基因在培育抗虫转基因植物中的应用。与现有技术相比,本发明以Vip3Bb1基因和Vip3Aa1基因为蓝本,设计并合成嵌合基因Vip3AaBb,嵌合基因Vip3AaBb表达获得的Vip3AaBb蛋白对鳞翅目昆虫具有较高的杀虫活性;嵌合基因Vip3AaBb能在棉花、玉米、油菜和大豆等植物细胞中高效表达,可用于培育抗虫转基因植物。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物防治技术领域,具体涉及苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb及其编码基因和应用。
背景技术
农作物病虫害是我国的主要农业灾害之一,它具有种类多、影响大、并时常暴发成灾的特点,其发生范围和严重程度对我国国民经济、特别是农业生产常造成重大损失。据统计,我国每年因病虫害损失粮食近500亿斤、各类经济作物1800万吨。过去为了防治作物的各种虫害,化学农药被广泛使用,然而,一方面由于长期大量使用农药,导致部分昆虫产生了一定的耐药性或抗性,致使农药的使用剂量在逐年增加或使用全新的农药;另一方面,由于长期过度使用化学农药,导致人类赖以生存的环境受到不同程度污染。因此,需要寻找更好的途径防控各种病虫害。随着生物技术的发展,利用抗虫基因培育抗虫转基因植物是一条行之有效的途径。
苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)是植物外源抗虫基因的重要供体菌,其毒性活性主要源自芽胞形成时所产生的伴孢晶体毒素,即杀虫晶体蛋白(insecticidal crystalline protein,ICP),包括晶体毒素(crystalline toxin,Cry)和细胞裂解毒素(cytolytic toxin,Cyt)。ICP是由Cry基因和Cyt基因编码的,对敏感昆虫有强烈毒性,而对高等动物和人无毒性。
已报道的杀虫晶体蛋白基因有748种,很多已广泛应用于抗虫转基因育种中。然而,由于大部分商业化利用的转基因作物均为杀虫晶体蛋白类,随着这些转基因作物种植面积的扩大,害虫对单一的杀虫蛋白产生抗性已成为一个严峻的问题。因此寻找新的抗虫基因显得尤为重要。
科学家经过不懈的努力,从一些营养生长时期的Bt菌株中分离得到具有杀虫毒性的非伴孢晶体杀虫蛋白,合成后即被分泌到胞外,这就是被称为第二代抗虫蛋白的苏云金芽胞杆菌的营养期杀虫蛋白(vegetativeinsecticidal protein,Vip)。Vips主要分为Vip1、Vip2、Vip3和Vip4四种类型共108个杀虫蛋白,其中77个蛋白属于Vip3。Vip3的杀虫谱和杀虫活性与ICPs不同,前者对鳞翅目、鞘翅目和同翅目等害虫具有毒杀作用,且抗虫谱更广。目前,这些基因被广泛应用于抗虫转基因水稻、玉米和棉花育种。
然而,Vip3基因的资源毕竟是有限的,而且不同的基因间的抗性存在比较大的差异,同时细菌的基因是富含AT的,这势必影响基因在植物中的表达,对相应基因进行人工改造,可以进一步提高基因的利用效率。
文献(Fang et al.,Characterization of chimeric Bacillus thuringiensis Vip3toxins,Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2007,73(3):956-961;方军,苏云金杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3基因及其在转基因水稻中的应用,2008,博士论文,浙江大学图书馆)通过将Vip3Ab2的N端或C端与Vip3Aa1的C端或N端嵌合,人工合成Vip3AbAa和Vip3AaAb,结果表明,嵌合基因的杀虫谱更广,而且对部分昆虫的杀虫活性更高。因此,通过人工合成嵌合基因是改造Vip3基因的有效途径。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb,该苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白能在植物细胞中高效表达,对鳞翅目、鞘翅目和同翅目等昆虫具有较高的杀虫活性。
一种苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb,其氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。
本发明还提供了所述苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb的编码基因,其碱基序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。该编码基因是通过以下思路设计并合成的:
(1)获取Vip3Aa1基因(GenBank Accession No:L48811)中编码Vip3Aa1蛋白N端451个氨基酸的1353个碱基序列;
(2)获取Vip3Bb1基因(GenBank Accession No:DD319826)中编码Vip3Bb1蛋白C端350个氨基酸的1050个碱基序列;
(3)嵌合步骤(1)和(2)获得的两个碱基序列,获得一个初步改造的原始碱基序列;
(4)排除所述原始碱基序列中存在的典型的造成植物基因转录本不稳定的富含AT的序列以及常用的限制性内切酶位点,在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下进行密码子置换,获取改正后的碱基序列;
(5)将改进后的碱基序列的正链和对应的负链进行BLAST2分析,在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下进行密码子置换,排除序列中存在的反向重复序列;最终获得如SEQ ID No.2所示的碱基序列。
步骤(4)和(5)中的密码子置换,是采用植物基因组的主要偏爱密码子置换所述原始碱基序列或改正后的碱基序列中对应的密码子,以提高所述编码基因在目标植物中的表达效率。
本发明中,所述植物基因组的主要偏爱密码子为单子叶植物水稻(刘庆坡,水稻的密码子用法及起始和终止密码子侧翼序列对基因表达的影响,2005,博士学位论文,浙江大学图书馆)和双子叶植物拟南介(DuretL.and Mouchiroud D.Expression pattern and,surprisingly,gene length shapecodon usage in Caenorhabditis,Drosophila,and Arabidopsis.1999.PNAS.96:4482-4487.)的核基因组均偏好的密码子。
将获得的SEQ ID No.2所示的碱基序列重组到大肠杆菌等宿主细胞中表达,即获得具有SEQID No.1所示氨基酸序列的苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb。
所述编码基因的G+C含量为58.44%,与现有的Vip3基因的最高同源性为79.09%;而所述原始碱基序列的G+C含量仅有30.80%;两者的序列同源性仅有70.13%。
所述苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb与现有Vip3A_N蛋白(GenBank Accession No:ADI48120)的最高同源性为87.6%,与Vip3Aa1蛋白的同源性为75.4%,与Vip3Bb1蛋白的同源性为84.3%。
本发明还提供了含有所述编码基因的表达单元、表达载体或转化子。作为优选,所述表达单元的启动子为T7启动子、lac启动子或araBAD启动子。在这些启动子的作用下,Vip3AaBb蛋白可以直接在大肠杆菌宿主细胞中实现胞内可溶表达。所述表达载体的原始载体可选用pET28a(+)。
本发明还提供了所述编码基因在培育抗虫转基因植物中的应用。具体包括:
(1)构建含有所述编码基因的植物表达载体;
(2)将所述植物表达载体通过农杆菌介导转化植物愈伤组织;
(3)将植物愈伤组织转移到选择性培养基上继续培养,待分化成苗后,移栽至大田,筛选获得抗虫转基因植物。
由于在设计所述编码基因时,是采用单子叶模式植物水稻和双子叶模式植物拟南介核基因组的共同偏好的密码子进行密码子置换,因此该基因适合单子叶和双子叶植物,用于培育相应的抗虫转基因植物。作为优选,所述抗虫转基因植物为抗虫转基因棉花、玉米、油菜和大豆。
本发明还提供了所述苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb在制备杀虫剂中的应用。所述杀虫剂的杀灭对象优选为鳞翅目昆虫。所述鳞翅目昆虫如斜纹夜蛾、菜青虫、棉铃虫、小地老虎和玉米螟等,更优选为斜纹夜蛾。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
本发明以Vip3Bb1基因和Vip3Aa1基因为蓝本,设计并合成嵌合基因Vip3AaBb,嵌合基因Vip3AaBb表达获得的Vip3AaBb蛋白对鳞翅目昆虫具有较高的杀虫活性;嵌合基因Vip3AaBb能在水稻等植物细胞中高效表达,可用于培育相应的抗虫转基因植物。
附图说明
图1为Vip3Aa1、Vip3Bb1和Vip3AaBb蛋白的氨基酸序列比对图。
具体实施方式
以下实施例所使用的分子生物学和生物化学方法均为已知的技术,在Ausubel编写的由John WTle y and Sons公司出版的Current Pro tocols inMolecular Biology和J.Sambrook等编写的由Cold Spring Harbor LaboratoryPress(2001)出版的Molecular Cloning:A Laboratory Mannual,3rd ED.等文献均有详细的说明。以下实施例中所用的实验材料如无特殊说明均为市售购买产品。
实施例1嵌合基因的设计和合成
以Vip3Bb1基因和Vip3Aa1基因为蓝本,设计嵌合基因Vip3AaBb,具体步骤如下:
(1)获取Vip3Aa1基因(GenBank Accession No:L48811)中编码Vip3Aa1蛋白N端451个氨基酸的1353个碱基序列;
(2)获取Vip3Bb1基因(GenBank Accession No:DD319826)中编码Vip3Bb1蛋白C端350个氨基酸的1050个碱基序列;
(3)嵌合步骤(1)和(2)获得的两个碱基序列,获得一个初步改造的原始碱基序列,如SEQ ID No.3所示,该序列的G+C含量仅有30.80%;
(4)在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下,将所述原始碱基序列中存在的典型的造成植物基因转录本不稳定的富含AT的序列以及常用的限制性内切酶位点置换为单子叶植物水稻(刘庆坡,水稻的密码子用法及起始和终止密码子侧翼序列对基因表达的影响,2005,博士学位论文,浙江大学图书馆)和双子叶植物拟南介(Duret L.and Mouchiroud D.Expression patternand,surprisingly,gene length shape codon usage in Caenorhabditis,Drosophila,and Arabidopsis.1999.PNAS.96:4482-4487.)核基因组均偏好的密码子,获得改进后的碱基序列;
(5)将改进后的碱基序列的正链和对应的负链进行BLAST2分析,在不改变氨基酸序列的前提下,将序列中存在的反向重复序列置换为单子叶植物水稻和双子叶植物拟南介基因组均偏好的密码子,获得最终的嵌合基因Vip3AaBb,如SEQ ID No.1所示,该序列与SEQ ID No.3所示的序列同源性仅有70.13%。SEQ ID No.1所示的序列及含有该DNA片段的质粒PUC-Vip3AaBb均委托生工生物工程(上海)有限公司完成。
实施例2嵌合基因的表达
利用实施例1获得的Vip3AaBb嵌合基因表达云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb,具体包括:
将Vip3AaBb嵌合基因构建到大肠杆菌质粒表达载体pET28a(+)上,并转化大肠杆菌表达宿主BL21(DE3);接种单菌落于5毫升LB培养基中,37℃培养过夜,再按1:100比例进行稀释培养至OD600为0.4-0.6,而后加入终浓度为1mM的IPTG进行诱导表达,诱导时间为4-6小时;离心收集菌体,加入20mL无菌水重悬,液氮反复冻融6次,离心去菌体,获取上清液。
Vip3AaBb蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。将Vip3AaBb蛋白的氨基酸序列分别与Vip3Aa1蛋白和Vip3Bb1蛋白进行Blast2比对,在蛋白质水平的同源性分别为75.4%和84.3%(见图1)。
实施例3Vip3AaBb蛋白的杀虫活性
将实施例2获得的上清液喂养鳞翅目昆虫斜纹夜蛾,并以清水、转化有pET28a(+)空载体的大肠杆菌的发酵上清液为对照,检测Vip3AaBb蛋白对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性,结果见表1。
表1三种样品对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性比较
从表1可看出,Vip3AaBb蛋白对斜纹夜蛾具有显著的杀虫活性,喂食24h后斜纹夜蛾的平均死亡率达86.7%,喂食48h后斜纹夜蛾的平均死亡率达100%。而喂食其他两种样品的斜纹夜蛾,死亡率较低。
实施例4:用于培育抗虫转基因棉花
(1)载体的构建
根据SEQ ID NO.1的序列,分别合成两条引物(引物序列委托海桑尼生物科技有限公司合成),从质粒PUC-Vip3AaBb中PCR扩增出Vip3AaBb基因,引物序列如下:
上游引物:
5’-CACGGGGGACTCTAGAACAATGAACATGAACAACACTAAG-3’(SEQ ID NO:4);
下游引物:
5’-CGGGGGATCCTCTAGTCACTCCTTAACAAGGGAAAC-3’(SEQID NO:5);
PCR反应体系为:
PCR反应参数:
98℃,10秒,55℃,15秒,72℃,2分30秒,35个循环;72℃延伸5分钟。
PCR产物经PCR产物纯化试剂盒纯化后,以XbaI酶切双T-DNA载体pLM-B001,用Clontech的HD Cloning Kit将Vip3AaBb克隆到pLM-B001,用XbaI酶切鉴定,获得的阳性克隆再测序(PE公司,377测序仪;上海生工生物工程技术服务有限公司)验证,测序正确的质粒命名为pLM-Vip3AaBb。
(2)农杆菌制备
通过电激法将T-DNA载体pLM-Vip3AaBb导入农杆菌LBA4404。取含T-DNA载体pLM-Vip3AaBb的农杆菌划板,挑单菌落在LB培养基中培养,为棉花转化准备农杆菌。
(3)转基因棉花的获得
1)选取陆地棉品种柯字312无菌苗的下胚轴,用解剖刀切成0.5-0.6cm小段,接种于诱导培养基上(MS+B5有机物+2,4-D0.1mg/L+KT0.1mg/L+葡萄糖30g/L+phytagel2.5g/L)诱导愈伤组织;
愈伤组织在继代培养基(MS(硝酸钾加倍,硝酸铵减半)+B5有机物+2,4-D0.05mg/L+KT0.1mg/L葡萄糖30g/L+phytagel2.5g/L)继代几次后,挑选米粒状颗粒愈伤组织,将其转入分化培养基(MS+B5有机物+葡萄糖30g/L+phytagel2.5g/L+KT0.15mg/L+IBA0.5mg/L)中,进一步分化成胚状体;
2)超低温冰箱内取出保存的农杆菌菌株的甘油管在冰上融化,LB平皿上划线,26.5℃暗培养36-48hr,待皿内长出清晰的单菌落,挑取单菌落在另外的LB平皿划线,26.5℃暗培养36-48hr,待皿内长出足够的菌落结束培养,把培养基表面菌落刮入三角瓶内的MGL培养基中,27℃、200r/min摇2hr,OD值在0.5-1.5之间即可用于侵染;
3)将分化成胚状体的愈伤组织从三角瓶转入无菌培养皿,去掉幼胚,发白和死亡等状态不好的愈伤组织,吹5分钟使表面稍为微干燥;把经活化的农杆菌菌液倒入其中,农杆菌菌液以刚盖过胚状体表面为宜,搅匀,静置5-10分钟,倒掉菌液,用滤纸吸干残余菌液,吹5分钟使表面稍为干燥,薄层分散于垫有滤纸的共培养培养基中,19-21℃暗培养38-42小时,待少部分愈伤组织表面出现不太明显的菌落结束共培养;
4)将经过共培养的愈伤组织连同滤纸一起取出浸入含500mg/L Cef的无菌水中,将愈伤组织清洗干净,倒掉洗液,置于含有500mg/L Cef的无菌水浸泡15-20min;浸泡期间多搅动,去掉幼胚,发白和死亡等状态不好的愈伤组织;倒掉洗液,用无菌水清洗三遍,滤纸吸干水分,小堆分散布于选择培养基一上,吹10分钟使表面稍为干燥;弱光培养20天左右继代转入选择培养基二正常光照培养,培养20天左右继代转入选择培养基三正常光照培养,培养20-30天,黑色死亡愈伤上出现浅黄色颗粒较小生长正常的愈伤即为抗性愈伤。一般可以把抗性愈伤单克隆在选择培养基三上再继代一次以增加愈伤数量;
5)从选择培养基上挑取单克隆抗性愈伤分别接种到分化培养基上,20天左右继代一次,分化和成苗的过程中尽量把不同克隆之间区分清楚;
6)把筛选后获得的抗性愈伤转移到预分化培养基上(先暗培养5-7天,而后16小时光照分化发芽)4-6周,待抗性幼苗长成后转移到生根培养基上生根,最后将再生植株洗去培养基于温室或田间培养,直至收获T1种子;
7)将T1代种子种于大田,用标记基因和目的基因的特异引物鉴定转基因后代中的标记基因和目的基因,获得抗虫转基因棉花。
Claims (10)
1.苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb,其特征在于,氨基酸序列如SEQ ID No.1所示。
2.如权利要求1所述苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb的编码基因,其特征在于,碱基序列如SEQ ID No.2所示。
3.含有如权利要求2所述编码基因的表达单元。
4.如权利要求1所述的表达单元,其特征在于,启动子为T7启动子、lac启动子或araBAD启动子。
5.含有如权利要求2所述编码基因的表达载体。
6.含有如权利要求2所述编码基因的转化子。
7.如权利要求2所述编码基因在培育抗虫转基因植物中的应用。
8.如权利要求7所述的应用,其特征在于,所述抗虫转基因植物为抗虫转基因棉花、玉米、油菜或大豆。
9.如权利要求1所述苏云金芽孢杆菌营养期杀虫蛋白Vip3AaBb在制备杀虫剂中的应用。
10.如权利要求9所述的应用,其特征在于,所述杀虫剂的杀灭对象为鳞翅目昆虫。
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