CN103400548A - 像素驱动电路及其驱动方法、显示装置 - Google Patents

像素驱动电路及其驱动方法、显示装置 Download PDF

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CN103400548A
CN103400548A CN2013103298997A CN201310329899A CN103400548A CN 103400548 A CN103400548 A CN 103400548A CN 2013103298997 A CN2013103298997 A CN 2013103298997A CN 201310329899 A CN201310329899 A CN 201310329899A CN 103400548 A CN103400548 A CN 103400548A
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transistor
light emitting
organic light
emitting diode
driving
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CN103400548B (zh
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李天马
李凡
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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BOE Technology Group Co Ltd
Chengdu BOE Optoelectronics Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2013/085516 priority patent/WO2015014025A1/zh
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    • G09G3/30—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters using controlled light sources using electroluminescent panels
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    • H10K59/10—OLED displays
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Abstract

本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域，特别涉及一种像素驱动电路及其驱动方法、显示装置。该像素驱动电路包括电致发光元件、驱动晶体管、开关单元、充电单元、补偿单元、隔断单元及存储单元。本发明实施例所提供的像素驱动电路，首先通过充电单元对存储电容充电，然后利用先充电后放电的方法，使存储电容中的电压快速和驱动电流相匹配而对阈值电压Vth进行快速补偿，使驱动晶体管提供的驱动电流不受阈值电压Vth的影响，提高了驱动电流的一致性，改善了显示亮度的均匀性，提升了用户体验。

Description

像素驱动电路及其驱动方法、显示装置
技术领域
本发明涉及有机发光显示技术领域，特别涉及一种像素驱动电路及其驱动方法、显示装置。
背景技术
相比传统的液晶面板，AMOLED（Active Matrix/Organic LightEmitting Diode，有源矩阵有机发光二极管）显示面板具有反应速度更快、对比度更高、视角更广等特点，因此，AMOLED得到了显示技术开发商日益广泛的关注。
有源矩阵有机发光二极管显示面板能够发光是由驱动薄膜场效应晶体管（Thin Film Transistor，TFT）在饱和状态时产生的电流所驱动，因为输入相同的灰阶电压时，不同的临界电压会产生不同的电流，造成驱动电流的不一致性。低温多晶硅技术（Low TemperaturePoly-silicon，LTPS）制程上阈值电压Vth的均匀性非常差，同时阈值电压Vth也存在漂移，因此，传统的2T1C电路亮度均匀性很差。
图1为现有技术中采用2个TFT晶体管，1个电容组成的电压驱动型像素驱动电路结构（2T1C）。其中第一晶体管M1将数据线上的电压传输到驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极，驱动晶体管DTFT将这个数据电压转化为相应的电流供给有机发光二极管，在正常工作时，驱动晶体管DTFT应处于饱和区，在一行的扫描时间内提供稳定的驱动电流。驱动电流(即流过有机发光二极管OLED的电路)可表示为：
I OLED = 1 2 μ n · C OX · W L · ( V data - V oled - V th ) 2
其中μn为载流子迁移率，COX为栅氧化层电容，W/L为晶体管宽长比，Vdata为数据电压，Voled为OLED的工作电压，为所有像素单元共享，Vth为驱动晶体管DTFT的阈值电压。由上式可知，如果不同像素单元之间的Vth不同，则造成驱动电流存在差异；如果驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth随时间发生漂移，则可能造成先后电流不同，导致残影，降低了显示效果，影响用户体验。
发明内容
（一）要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是，针对现有技术的不足，提供一种像素驱动电路及其驱动方法，通过补偿驱动晶体管的阈值电压Vth，使驱动晶体管提供的驱动电流不受阈值电压Vth的影响，以提高驱动电流的一致性，改善亮度的均匀性。
（二）技术方案
一种像素驱动电路，包括电致发光元件、驱动晶体管、开关单元、充电单元、补偿单元、隔断单元及存储单元；
所述开关单元用于控制数据线的数据电压写入，所述开关单元的第一端与所述数据线连接，所述开关单元的第二端分别与所述充电单元的第一端、补偿单元的第一端、存储单元的第一端以及驱动晶体管的栅极连接；
所述充电单元用于控制驱动电源为所述存储单元充电，所述充电单元的第二端分别与所述驱动电源以及电致发光元件的第一端连接；
所述隔断单元用于隔断所述电致发光元件与驱动晶体管的源极之间的电连接，所述隔断单元的第一端与所述电致发光元件第二端连接，所述隔断单元的第二端与所述驱动晶体管的源极连接；
所述补偿单元用于向所述存储单元预先存储所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压，所述补偿单元的第二端与所述驱动晶体管的源极连接；
所述驱动晶体管的漏极以及存储单元的第二端接地。
优选的，
所述电致发光元件为有机发光二极管，所述存储单元为存储电容，所述开关单元为第一晶体管，所述充电单元为第三晶体管，所述补偿单元为第二晶体管，所述隔断单元为第四晶体管；
所述第一晶体管的栅极连接第一扫描线，所述第一晶体管的源极连接数据线，所述第一晶体管的漏极分别与存储电容的第一端、第二晶体管的源极、第三晶体管的漏极以及驱动晶体管的栅极连接；
所述第三晶体管的栅极连接所述第二扫描线，所述第三晶体管的源极分别与驱动电源以及有机发光二极管的第一端连接；
所述第四晶体管的栅极连接控制信号线，所述第四晶体管的源极连接所述有机发光二极管的第二端，所述第四晶体管的漏极分别与所述驱动晶体管的源极以及第二晶体管的漏极连接；
所述第二晶体管的栅极连接所述第一扫描线。
优选的，所有晶体管均具有相同的沟道类型。
优选的，所述晶体管均为N沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极。优选的，所述晶体管为均P沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极。本发明还提供一种驱动上述任意一种像素驱动电路的驱动方法：
一种像素驱动电路驱动方法，包括步骤：
S1.在第二扫描线施加控制信号导通第三晶体管，在第一扫描线以及控制信号线施加控制信号控制第一晶体管、第二晶体管以及第四晶体管截止；驱动电源对存储电容充电；
S2.在第一扫描线施加控制信号控制第一晶体管以及第二晶体管导通，在第二扫描线施加控制信号控制第三晶体管截止；驱动晶体管的阈值电压以及数据线上的数据电压写入所述存储电容；
S3.在控制信号线施加控制信号导通第四晶体管，在第一扫描线施加控制信号截止第一晶体管以及第二晶体管；利用存储在所述存储电容中的电压驱动所述有机发光二极管发光。
本发明还提供了一种包括上述任意一种像素驱动电路的显示装置。
（三）有益效果
本发明实施例所提供的像素驱动电路，首先通过充电单元对存储电容充电，然后利用先充电后放电的方法，使存储电容中的电压快速和驱动电流相匹配而对阈值电压Vth进行快速补偿，使驱动晶体管提供的驱动电流不受阈值电压Vth的影响，提高了驱动电流的一致性，改善了显示亮度的均匀性，提升了用户体验。
附图说明
图1是现有技术中的2T1C像素驱动电路结构示意图；
图2是本发明实施例一中像素驱动电路的结构示意图；
图3是图2中像素驱动电路的一种具体实现方式示意图；
图4是图3中所示像素驱动电路的驱动时序图；
图5是图3中所示像素驱动电路在S1阶段的等效电路结构示意图；
图6是图3中所示像素驱动电路在S2阶段的等效电路结构示意图；
图7是图3中所示像素驱动电路在S3阶段的等效电路结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式做进一步描述。以下实施例仅用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例一
如图2中所示，本发明所提供的一种像素驱动电路，主要包括电致发光元件、驱动晶体管DTFT、开关单元、充电单元、补偿单元、隔断单元以及存储单元；开关单元用于控制数据线的数据电压写入，其第一端与数据线连接，第二端分别与充电单元、补偿单元、存储单元的第一端以及驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极连接；充电单元用于控制驱动电源为存储电容C充电，其第二端分别与驱动电源以及电致发光元件的第一端连接；隔断单元用于隔断电致发光元件与驱动晶体管DTFT的源极之间的电连接，其第一端与电致发光元件第二端连接，第二端与驱动晶体管DTFT的源极连接；补偿单元用于向存储单元预先存储驱动晶体管DTFT的阈值电压，其第二端与驱动晶体管DTFT的源极连接；驱动晶体管DTFT的漏极以及存储电容C的第二端接地。首先通过充电单元对存储单元充电，然后利用先充电后放电的方法，使存储单元中的电压快速和驱动电流相匹配而对阈值电压Vth进行快速补偿，使驱动晶体管DTFT提供的驱动电流不受阈值电压Vth的影响，提高了驱动电流的一致性，改善了亮度的均匀性，提升了用户体验。
本实施例中提供了一种上述像素驱动电路的实现方式，如图3中所示，包括驱动晶体管DTFT以及存储电容C，电致发光元件为有机发光二极管OLED，开关单元为第一晶体管T1，充电单元为第三晶体管T3，补偿单元为第二晶体管T2，隔断单元为第四晶体管T4，还包括驱动电源以及接地端；第一扫描线SCAN1提供控制信号VSCAN1来导通或者截止第一晶体管T1以及第二晶体管T2，第二扫描线SCAN2提供控制信号VSCAN2来导通或者截止第三晶体管T3，控制信号线EM提供控制信号VEM来导通或者截止第四晶体管T4，数据线DATA通过第一晶体管T1向像素中写入数据电压信号Vdata，驱动电源可以输出高电压VDD或低电压VSS。
其中，第一晶体管T1的栅极连接第一扫描线SCAN1，源极连接数据线DATA，漏极分别与存储电容C的第一端、第二晶体管T2的源极、第三晶体管T3的漏极以及驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极连接，在第一扫描线SCAN1提供的控制信号的控制下，第一晶体管T1向存储电容C提供数据线DATA的数据电压信号Vdata并由存储电容C保持该电压；第三晶体管T3的栅极连接第二扫描线SCAN2，源极分别与驱动电源以及有机发光二极管OLED的第一端连接，驱动电源通过第三晶体管T3为存储电容C充电；第四晶体管T4的栅极连接控制信号线，源极连接有机发光二极管OLED的第二端，漏极分别与驱动晶体管DTFT的源极以及第二晶体管T2的漏极连接；第二晶体管T2的栅极连接第一扫描线；驱动晶体管DTFT的漏极以及存储电容C的第二端接地；在第一扫描线提供的控制信号的控制下，第二晶体管T2导通，驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极和源极导通，形成一个二极管连接，保证驱动晶体管DTFT处于饱和电流区，导致存储电容C放电，直至使进入驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极和源极的电压都为数据线的数据电压，此时，存储电容C电压为
V c = 2 V data K + V th ,
K为与工艺和驱动设计有关的常数，Vdata为数据线输入的电压，可以看出驱动晶体管DTFT的阈值电压已经被预先存储到存储电容C里，达到了补偿阈值电压的目的。本实施例中像素驱动电路的另外优势就是采用单一沟道类型的晶体管即全为N沟道型晶体管，从而降低了制备工艺的复杂程度和生产成本，以及采用有机发光二极管OLED上发光的方式，相比下发光方式有更高的像素开口率；当然，本领域所属技术人员很容易得出本发明所提供的像素驱动电路可以轻易改成全为P沟道型晶体管的像素驱动电路，与N沟道型薄膜晶体管电路的连接结构不同之处主要在于，晶体管均为N沟道型薄膜晶体管时，所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极，有机发光二极管OLED的阳极与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接、阴极与第四晶体管T4的源极连接；晶体管为均P沟道型薄膜晶体管时，所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极，发光二极管OLED的阴极与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接、阳极与第四晶体管T4的源极连接。当然，本发明所提供的像素驱动电路可以轻易改为CMOS（ComplementaryMetal Oxide Semiconductor，互补金属氧化物半导体）电路等等；并不局限于本实施例中的所提供的像素驱动电路，在此不再赘述。
本发明还提供了一种驱动上述像素电路的驱动方法，其主要包括预充电时序段S1、补偿时序段S2以及驱动显示时序段S3；下面以应用于图3中所示像素驱动电路的驱动方法为例进行说明，所有晶体管均为N沟道型薄膜晶体管，其驱动时序示意图如图4中所示，在该时序图中，示意了在一帧工作时序中的第一扫描线SCAN1的控制信号VSCAN1、第二扫描线SCAN2的控制信号VSCAN2、数据线DATA的数据电压Vdata、控制信号线EM的控制信号VEM的变化。下面将结合图5-图7分别对上述各个时序段进行具体说明：
预充电时序段S1：
该时序段等效电路图如图5中所示；在该时序段，在第二扫描线施加高电平的控制信号导通第三晶体管T3，在第一扫描线以及控制信号线施加低电平的控制信号截止第一晶体管T1、第二晶体管T2以及第四晶体管T4；驱动电源对存储电容C充电；
补偿时序段S2：
该时序段等效电路图如图6中所示；在该时序段，在第一扫描线施加高电平的控制信号导通第一晶体管T1以及第二晶体管T2，在第二扫描线施加低电平的控制信号截止第三晶体管T3，使得驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极和源极短接进入饱和状态，导致存储电容C放电，直至使流入驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极和源极电压都为数据线的数据电压，此时，存储电容C电压为
V c = 2 V data K V th ,
K为与工艺和驱动设计有关的常数，驱动晶体管DTFT的阈值电压以及数据线上的数据电压被写入存储电容C；
驱动显示时序段S3：
该时序段等效电路图如图7中所示；在该时序段，在控制信号线施加高电平的控制信号导通第二晶体管T2，在第一扫描线施加低电平的控制信号截止第一晶体管T1以及第二晶体管T2；由于驱动电源的电压VDD大于Vgs=VG-Vth，其中，Vgs为驱动晶体管DTFT的栅源电压、VG驱动晶体管DTFT的栅极电位，驱动晶体管DTFT进入饱和状态，此时流过驱动晶体管DTFT及有机发光二极管OLED的电流为：
I oled = 1 2 K ( V gs - V th ) 2 = 1 2 K ( V c - V th ) 2 = 1 2 K ( 2 V data K + V th - V th ) 2 = V data
可以看到，驱动电流Ioled与驱动晶体管DTFT的阈值电压没有关系，则驱动晶体管DTFT阈值电压的漂移，不会对漏极电流，即像素电路的驱动电流Ioled，产生影响，使得有机发光二极管OLED显示稳定，改善了显示亮度的均匀性，极大的提升了显示品质。
实施例二
本实施例中提供了一种显示装置，包括上述的像素电路。具体地，该显示装置包括多个像素单元阵列，每个像素单元对应上述实施例中的任一像素电路。由于该像素电路补偿了驱动晶体管的阈值电压漂移，使得有机发光二极管OLED显示稳定，改善了显示亮度的均匀性，极大的提升了显示品质。
以上实施方式仅用于说明本发明，而并非对本发明的限制，有关技术领域的普通技术人员，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，还可以做出各种变化和变型，因此所有等同的技术方案也属于本发明的保护范畴。

Claims (7)

1.一种像素驱动电路，其特征在于，包括电致发光元件、驱动晶体管、开关单元、充电单元、补偿单元、隔断单元及存储单元；
所述开关单元用于控制数据线的数据电压写入，所述开关单元的第一端与所述数据线连接，所述开关单元的第二端分别与所述充电单元的第一端、补偿单元的第一端、存储单元的第一端以及驱动晶体管的栅极连接；
所述充电单元用于控制驱动电源为所述存储单元充电，所述充电单元的第二端分别与所述驱动电源以及电致发光元件的第一端连接；
所述隔断单元用于隔断所述电致发光元件与驱动晶体管的源极之间的电连接，所述隔断单元的第一端与所述电致发光元件第二端连接，所述隔断单元的第二端与所述驱动晶体管的源极连接；
所述补偿单元用于向所述存储单元预先存储所述驱动晶体管的阈值电压，所述补偿单元的第二端与所述驱动晶体管的源极连接；
所述驱动晶体管的漏极以及存储单元的第二端接地。
2.根据权利要求1所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述电致发光元件为有机发光二极管，所述存储单元为存储电容，所述开关单元为第一晶体管，所述充电单元为第三晶体管，所述补偿单元为第二晶体管，所述隔断单元为第四晶体管；
所述第一晶体管的栅极连接第一扫描线，所述第一晶体管的源极连接数据线，所述第一晶体管的漏极分别与存储电容的第一端、第二晶体管的源极、第三晶体管的漏极以及驱动晶体管的栅极连接；
所述第三晶体管的栅极连接所述第二扫描线，所述第三晶体管的源极分别与驱动电源以及有机发光二极管的第一端连接；
所述第四晶体管的栅极连接控制信号线，所述第四晶体管的源极连接所述有机发光二极管的第二端，所述第四晶体管的漏极分别与所述驱动晶体管的源极以及第二晶体管的漏极连接；
所述第二晶体管的栅极连接所述第一扫描线。
3.根据权利要求2所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所有晶体管均具有相同的沟道类型。
4.根据权利要求3所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述晶体管均为N沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的高电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极。
5.根据权利要求3所述的像素驱动电路，其特征在于，所述晶体管为均P沟道型薄膜晶体管；所述有机发光二极管的第一端为所述有机发光二极管的阴极，且所述有机发光二极管的阳极与驱动电源的低电平输出端连接，所述有机发光二极管的第二端为所述有机发光二极管的阳极。
6.一种显示装置，其特征在于，包括权利要求1-5任意一项所述的像素驱动电路。
7.一种像素驱动电路的驱动方法，其特征在于，包括步骤：
S1.在第二扫描线施加控制信号导通第三晶体管，在第一扫描线以及控制信号线施加控制信号控制第一晶体管、第二晶体管以及第四晶体管截止，驱动电源对存储电容充电；
S2.在第一扫描线施加控制信号控制第一晶体管以及第二晶体管导通，在第二扫描线施加控制信号控制第三晶体管截止；驱动晶体管的阈值电压以及数据线上的数据电压写入所述存储电容；
S3.在控制信号线施加控制信号导通第四晶体管，在第一扫描线施加控制信号控制第一晶体管以及第二晶体管截止；利用存储在所述存储电容中的电压驱动所述有机发光二极管发光。
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