CN103398591B - 熔铝炉余热利用系统 - Google Patents
熔铝炉余热利用系统 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103398591B CN103398591B CN201310359790.8A CN201310359790A CN103398591B CN 103398591 B CN103398591 B CN 103398591B CN 201310359790 A CN201310359790 A CN 201310359790A CN 103398591 B CN103398591 B CN 103398591B
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum Chemical compound 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[Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanol Chemical group data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 data:image/svg+xml;base64,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 OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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[O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 claims description 38
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 9
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene Chemical compound 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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Abstract
本发明公开一种熔铝炉余热利用系统，其包括：炉体，炉体内设有炉膛；喷嘴，喷嘴设置在炉体的一侧端壁上；以及烟气管道，烟气管道连接于炉体的另一侧端壁上以将炉膛内产生的烟气排出至烟囱。其中，熔铝炉余热利用系统还包括沿烟气管道的烟气流动方向依次布置的用于使烟气管道的烟气与不同的流体分别进行热交换的高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器。本发明的熔铝炉余热利用系统包括第一级余热利用系统、第二级余热利用系统以及第三级余热利用系统，能够充分回收利用熔铝炉的烟气余热。
Description
技术领域
[0001] 本发明涉及一种余热回收系统，特别涉及一种用于熔铝炉的余热回收系统。
背景技术
[0002] 面对日益严峻的环境问题和能源危机，全世界都在大力提倡节能减排，尤其是对于耗能和污染都较严重的工业窑炉相关产业，如何进行节能减排改造，已经成为本领域技术人员在设计该类设备时必须要考虑的因素。
[0003] 以熔铝炉为例，其烟气出口处的烟气温度通常会达到1000摄氏度左右。如果将这些高温烟气直接排放到环境中，不但会造成能源浪费还会对环境造成一定程度的破坏。
[0004] 如中国专利200920241826.1号公开的一种熔铝炉的余热回收装置，其包括分别设于两蓄热桶的通风室的、相互串接的蛇形管，蛇形管的外周壁上相间隔分布连接有吸热片，蛇形管通过其进出口串接于熔铝炉的供油管。然而，该专利申请所设计的节能装置仅采用一级余热利用装置仅能部分利用熔铝炉余热，还有大量的热能将会白白浪费掉。
[0005] 又如中国专利201220327875.9号公开的一种利用热管技术换热系统在熔铝炉上的节能装置，其包括壳体和热管，所述热管包括束热端和束冷端，所述束热端上套有护套，热管束热端的壳体上设有高温烟气入口和烟气出口，热管束冷端的壳体上设有助燃风入口和助燃风出口。同样，该专利申请所设计的节能装置仅采用一级余热利用装置仅能部分利用熔铝炉余热，还有大量的热能将会白白浪费掉。
[0006]因此，提供一种可充分节能减排的熔铝炉余热利用系统成为业内急需解决的问题。
发明内容
[0007] 本发明的目的是提供一种熔铝炉余热利用系统，该系统能够充分回收利用高温烟气的余热。
[0008] 本发明提供一种熔铝炉余热利用系统，其包括:炉体，炉体内设有炉膛；喷嘴，喷嘴设置在炉体的一侧端壁上；以及烟气管道，烟气管道连接于炉体的另一侧端壁上以将炉膛内产生的烟气排出至烟囱。其中，熔铝炉余热利用系统还包括沿烟气管道的烟气流动方向依次布置的用于使烟气管道的烟气与不同的流体分别进行热交换的高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器。
[0009] 优选地，熔铝炉余热利用系统可以包括第一级余热利用系统、第二级余热利用系统以及第三级余热利用系统。
[0010] 可选择地，熔铝炉余热利用系统可以包括第一级余热利用系统、第二级余热利用系统以及第三级余热利用系统中的任意两级。
[0011] 其中，第一级余热利用系统可以包括设置于烟气管道的上游位置处的高温换热器，高温换热器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且第一级余热利用系统还包括助燃风机，来自于助燃风机的环境空气通过管线进入高温换热器的流体流路并在高温换热器中预热后通过管线输送至喷嘴。
[0012] 可选择地，高温换热器包括外壳、将所述外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。
[0013] 优选地，高温换热器的热管内的工质为适用于1000摄氏度左右工况的液态钠或钾等工质。
[0014] 其中，第二级余热利用系统可以包括设置于烟气管道的中游位置处的中温换热器，中温换热器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且第二级余热利用系统还包括涡轮发电装置、混合器、螺杆发电装置、冷凝器、压缩机，其中，中温换热器的流体流路的出口、涡轮发电装置、混合器、螺杆发电装置、冷凝器、压缩机、中温换热器的流体流路的入口通过管线依次连接形成第一工质循环回路。
[0015] 可选择地，中温换热器包括外壳、将所述外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。
[0016] 优选地，中温换热器的热管内的工质为适用于500摄氏度左右工况的萘等工质。
[0017] 作为一种可选择操作方式，30〜45摄氏度常压空气通过管线进入压缩机后压缩成30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气进入中温换热器的流体流路的入口并在中温换热器中加热成350〜450摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，350〜450摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气通过管线进入涡轮发电装置中做功后变成80〜120摄氏度的0.08〜0.12兆帕压缩空气，80〜120摄氏度的0.08〜0.12兆帕压缩空气通过管线进入螺杆发电装置中做功后变成50〜70摄氏度常压空气，50〜70摄氏度常压空气通过管线进入冷凝器后冷凝成30〜45摄氏度常压空气，30〜45摄氏度常压空气再进入压缩机循环。
[0018] 其中，第三级余热利用系统可以包括设置于烟气管道的下游位置处的蒸发器，蒸发器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且第三级余热利用系统还包括混合器、螺杆发电装置、冷凝器，其中，蒸发器的流体流路的出口、混合器、螺杆发电装置、冷凝器、蒸发器的流体流路的入口通过管线依次连接形成第二工质循环回路。
[0019] 可选择地，蒸发器包括外壳、将所述外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。
[0020] 优选地，中温换热器的热管内的工质为适用于150摄氏度左右工况的水或氨等工质。
[0021] 可选择地，第一级余热利用系统、第二级余热利用系统以及第三级余热利用系统设置成使得烟气管道的高温烟气经过高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器后分别降温至500〜600摄氏度、120〜180摄氏度、80〜100摄氏度。
[0022] 优选地，第二级余热利用系统与第三级余热利用系统共用混合器、螺杆发电装置以及冷凝器。
[0023] 其中，混合器可以包括第一入口和第二入口，涡轮发电装置通过管线连接于混合器的第一入口，蒸发器的流体流路的出口通过管线连接于混合器的第二入口，第一工质循环回路中的第一工质和第二工质循环回路中的第二工质在混合器中混合。
[0024] 其中，冷凝器可以包括第一出口和第二出口，冷凝器的第一出口通过管线连接于压缩机，冷凝器的第二出口通过管线连接于蒸发器的流体流路的入口，第一工质和第二工质在冷凝器中分离。
[0025] 可选择地，第一工质可以为空气，第二工质可以为甲醇或乙醇。
[0026] 作为一种可选择操作方式，35〜45摄氏度的甲醇溶液进入蒸发器的流体流路的入口并在蒸发器中加热成80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽，80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽通过管线进入混合器的第二入口，80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽在混合器中与来自涡轮发电装置的空气混合，混合气通过管线进入螺杆发电装置中做功后变成50〜70摄氏度常压混合气，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气通过管线进入冷凝器中冷凝，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气中的甲醇蒸汽冷凝成35〜45摄氏度的甲醇溶液后再进入蒸发器的流体流路的入口以沿着第二工质循环回路工作；并且，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气中的空气冷凝成30〜45摄氏度常压空气并通过管线进入压缩机中压缩成30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气进入中温换热器的流体流路的入口以沿着第一工质循环回路工作。
[0027] 可替代地，第二级余热利用系统和第三级余热利用系统可以各自包括单独的螺杆发电装置以及冷凝器，此时，第二级余热利用系统和第三级余热利用系统可以都不包括混合器。
[0028] 可选择地，螺杆发电装置采用螺杆膨胀机发电技术，其工作原理是通过阴阳螺杆槽道中热流体的体积膨胀，推动阴阳螺杆向相反方向旋转，实现将热能转换成机械能的做功过程。
[0029] 本发明的有益效果是:(I)、沿烟气管道的烟气流动方向依次布置用于使烟气管道的烟气与不同的流体分别进行热交换的高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器，使得烟气管道的烟气余热分级由高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器回收，充分提高了热回收效率同时有效降低了排放污染；(2)、蒸发器的工质采用沸点较低的甲醇或乙醇，使得烟气经蒸发器换热以后的温度可控制在80摄氏度左右，从而进一步提高了热回收效率并降低了排放污染；(3)、第一级余热利用系统将空气预热成400摄氏度左右热空气用于助燃，能够充分提高熔铝炉燃烧效率；(4)、第二级余热利用系统和第三级余热利用系统共用混合器、螺杆发电装置以及冷凝器，使得结构紧凑、成本降低。
附图说明
[0030] 图1示出了本发明的熔铝炉余热利用系统的示意图。
具体实施方式
[0031] 请参照图1，根据本发明的一种实施方式，熔铝炉余热利用系统包括炉体100、喷嘴120、烟气管道160、第一级余热利用系统200、第二级余热利用系统400以及第三级余热利用系统600。
[0032] 炉体100内设有炉膛(未图示)。喷嘴120设置在炉体100的一侧端壁上。烟气管道160连接于炉体100的另一侧端壁上以将炉膛内产生的烟气排出至烟囱190。
[0033] 第一级余热利用系统200包括设置于烟气管道160的上游位置处的高温换热器210，高温换热器210具有烟气流路(未图示)和流体流路(未图示)，并且第一级余热利用系统200还包括助燃风机230，来自于助燃风机230的环境空气通过管线进入高温换热器210的流体流路，并在高温换热器中预热至350〜450摄氏度左右(比如400摄氏度)后通过管线输送至喷嘴120用于助燃。
[0034] 高温换热器210包括外壳(未图示)、将外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板(未图示)、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管(未图示)，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。高温换热器210的热管内的工质为适用于大约800〜1200摄氏度(比如1000摄氏度左右)工况的液态钠或钾。
[0035] 在图1所示的非限制性实施方式中，第二级余热利用系统400与第三级余热利用系统600共用混合器430、螺杆发电装置440以及冷凝器450。
[0036] 第二级余热利用系统400包括设置于烟气管道160的中游位置处的中温换热器410，中温换热器410具有烟气流路(未图示)和流体流路(未图示)，并且第二级余热利用系统400还包括涡轮发电装置420、混合器430、螺杆发电装置440、冷凝器450、压缩机460。其中，中温换热器410的流体流路的出口、涡轮发电装置420、混合器430、螺杆发电装置440、冷凝器450、压缩机460、中温换热器410的流体流路的入口通过流体管线依次连接形成第一工质循环回路。
[0037] 中温换热器410包括外壳(未图示)、将外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板(未图示)、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管(未图示)，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。中温换热器410的热管内的工质为适用于大约500〜600摄氏度(比如550摄氏度左右)工况的萘。
[0038] 第三级余热利用系统600包括设置于烟气管道160的下游位置处的蒸发器610，蒸发器610具有烟气流路(未图示)和流体流路(未图示)，并且第三级余热利用系统600还包括与第二级余热利用系统400共用的混合器430、螺杆发电装置440以及冷凝器450。其中，蒸发器610的流体流路的出口、混合器430、螺杆发电装置440、冷凝器450、蒸发器610的流体流路的入口通过流体管线依次连接形成第二工质循环回路。
[0039] 蒸发器610包括外壳(未图示)、将外壳内部空间分隔为逆向平行的烟气流路和流体流路的中隔板(未图示)、以及穿设在中隔板中的若干热管(未图示)，其中，热管的蒸发端延伸于烟气流路中，热管的冷凝端延伸于流体流路中。蒸发器610的热管内的工质为适用于大约120〜180摄氏度(比如150摄氏度左右)工况的水或氨。
[0040] 其中，混合器430包括第一入口 431和第二入口 433，涡轮发电装置420通过流体管线连接于混合器430的第一入口 431，蒸发器610的流体流路的出口通过流体管线连接于混合器430的第二入口 433，第一工质循环回路中的第一工质和第二工质循环回路中的第二工质在混合器430中混合。此外，冷凝器450包括第一出口 451和第二出口 453，冷凝器450的第一出口 451通过流体管线连接于压缩机460，冷凝器450的第二出口 453通过流体管线连接于蒸发器610的流体流路的入口，第一工质和第二工质在冷凝器450中分离。
[0041] 在图1所示非限制性实施例中，用于第二级余热利用系统400的第一工质循环回路的第一工质为空气，用于第三级余热利用系统600的第二工质循环回路的第二工质为甲醇或乙醇。
[0042] 作为一种非限制性示例操作方式，40摄氏度左右的常压空气通过流体管线进入压缩机460后压缩成40摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气，40摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气通过流体管线输送至中温换热器410的流体流路的入口并在中温换热器410中加热成400摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气，400摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气通过流体管线进入涡轮发电装置420中做功后变成100摄氏度左右的约0.1兆帕压缩空气，100摄氏度左右的约0.1兆帕压缩空气通过流体管线进入混合器430的第一入口 431。
[0043] 40摄氏度左右的甲醇溶液进入蒸发器610的流体流路的入口并在蒸发器610中加热成100摄氏度左右的甲醇蒸汽，100摄氏度左右的甲醇蒸汽通过流体管线进入混合器430的第二入口 433。
[0044] 来自蒸发器610的100摄氏度左右的甲醇蒸汽与来自涡轮发电装置420的100摄氏度左右的约0.1兆帕压缩空气在混合器430中混合，混合气通过流体管线进入螺杆发电装置440中做功后变成65摄氏度左右常压混合气，65摄氏度左右常压混合气通过流体管线进入冷凝器450中冷凝。
[0045] 65摄氏度左右常压混合气中的甲醇蒸汽冷凝成40摄氏度左右的甲醇溶液后，由冷凝器450的第二出口 453通过甲醇泵630进入蒸发器610的流体流路的入口以沿着第二工质循环回路工作。
[0046] 65摄氏度左右常压混合气中的空气冷凝成40摄氏度左右常压空气由冷凝器450的第一出口 451通过流体管线进入压缩机460中压缩成40摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气，40摄氏度左右的约0.4兆帕压缩空气再进入中温换热器410的流体流路的入口以沿着第一工质循环回路工作。
[0047] 第一级余热利用系统200、第二级余热利用系统400以及第三级余热利用系统600设置成使得烟气管道160的高温烟气经过高温换热器210、中温换热器410以及蒸发器610后分别降温至550摄氏度左右、150摄氏度左右、80摄氏度左右。
[0048] 作为一种可替代实施方式，第二级余热利用系统400和第三级余热利用系统600可以各自包括单独的螺杆发电装置以及冷凝器，此时，第二级余热利用系统400和第三级余热利用系统600可以不包括混合器。
[0049] 作为又一种可替代实施方式，熔铝炉余热利用系统可以包括第一级余热利用系统200、第二级余热利用系统400以及第三级余热利用系统600中的任意两级。
[0050] 尽管在此已详细描述本发明的优选实施方式，但要理解的是本发明并不局限于这里详细描述和示出的具体结构，在不偏离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可由本领域的技术人员实现其它的变型和变体。例如，可以设置三级以上的余热利用系统。此外，系统各处的温度和压力参数可以根据具体使用条件在本发明所公开的范围内适当选取。
Claims (8)
1.一种熔铝炉余热利用系统，包括: 炉体，所述炉体内设有炉膛； 喷嘴，所述喷嘴设置在所述炉体的一侧端壁上；以及 烟气管道，所述烟气管道连接于所述炉体的另一侧端壁上以将所述炉膛内产生的烟气排出至烟囱； 其特征在于: 所述熔铝炉余热利用系统还包括沿所述烟气管道的烟气流动方向依次布置的用于使所述烟气管道的烟气与不同的流体分别进行热交换的高温换热器、中温换热器以及蒸发器; 其中，所述熔铝炉余热利用系统包括第一级余热利用系统，所述第一级余热利用系统包括设置于所述烟气管道的上游位置处的所述高温换热器，所述高温换热器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且所述第一级余热利用系统还包括助燃风机，来自于所述助燃风机的环境空气通过管线进入所述高温换热器的流体流路并在所述高温换热器中预热后通过管线输送至所述喷嘴； 并且，所述熔铝炉余热利用系统包括第二级余热利用系统，所述第二级余热利用系统包括设置于所述烟气管道的中游位置处的所述中温换热器，所述中温换热器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且所述第二级余热利用系统还包括涡轮发电装置、混合器、螺杆发电装置、冷凝器、压缩机，其中，所述中温换热器的流体流路的出口、所述涡轮发电装置、所述混合器、所述螺杆发电装置、所述冷凝器、所述压缩机、所述中温换热器的流体流路的入口通过管线依次连接形成第一工质循环回路。
2.如权利要求1所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，30〜45摄氏度常压空气通过管线进入所述压缩机后压缩成30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气进入所述中温换热器的流体流路的入口并在所述中温换热器中加热成350〜450摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，350〜450摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气通过管线进入所述涡轮发电装置中做功后变成80〜120摄氏度的0.08〜0.12兆帕压缩空气，80〜120摄氏度的0.08〜0.12兆帕压缩空气通过管线进入所述螺杆发电装置中做功后变成50〜70摄氏度常压空气，50〜70摄氏度常压空气通过管线进入所述冷凝器后冷凝成30〜45摄氏度常压空气，30〜45摄氏度常压空气再进入所述压缩机循环。
3.如权利要求1所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，所述熔铝炉余热利用系统包括第三级余热利用系统，所述第三级余热利用系统包括设置于所述烟气管道的下游位置处的所述蒸发器，所述蒸发器具有烟气流路和流体流路，并且所述第三级余热利用系统还包括所述混合器、所述螺杆发电装置、所述冷凝器，其中，所述蒸发器的流体流路的出口、所述混合器、所述螺杆发电装置、所述冷凝器、所述蒸发器的流体流路的入口通过管线依次连接形成第二工质循环回路。
4.如权利要求3所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，所述第一级余热利用系统、所述第二级余热利用系统以及所述第三级余热利用系统设置成使得所述烟气管道的高温烟气经过所述高温换热器、所述中温换热器以及所述蒸发器后分别降温至500〜600摄氏度、120〜180摄氏度、80〜100摄氏度。
5.如权利要求3所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，所述混合器包括第一入口和第二入口，所述涡轮发电装置通过管线连接于所述混合器的第一入口，所述蒸发器的流体流路的出口通过管线连接于所述混合器的第二入口，所述第一工质循环回路中的第一工质和所述第二工质循环回路中的第二工质在所述混合器中混合。
6.如权利要求5所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，所述冷凝器包括第一出口和第二出口，所述冷凝器的第一出口通过管线连接于所述压缩机，所述冷凝器的第二出口通过管线连接于所述蒸发器的流体流路的入口，所述第一工质和所述第二工质在所述冷凝器中分离。
7.如权利要求6所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，所述第一工质为空气，所述第二工质为甲醇或乙醇。
8.如权利要求7所述的熔铝炉余热利用系统，其特征在于，35〜45摄氏度的甲醇溶液进入所述蒸发器的流体流路的入口并在所述蒸发器中加热成80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽，80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽通过管线进入所述混合器的第二入口，80〜120摄氏度的甲醇蒸汽在所述混合器中与来自所述涡轮发电装置的空气混合，混合气通过管线进入所述螺杆发电装置中做功后变成50〜70摄氏度常压混合气，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气通过管线进入所述冷凝器中冷凝，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气中的甲醇蒸汽冷凝成35〜45摄氏度的甲醇溶液后再进入所述蒸发器的流体流路的入口以沿着所述第二工质循环回路工作；并且，50〜70摄氏度常压混合气中的空气冷凝成30〜45摄氏度常压空气并通过管线进入所述压缩机中压缩成30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气，30〜45摄氏度的0.3〜0.5兆帕压缩空气进入所述中温换热器的流体流路的入口以沿着所述第一工质循环回路工作。
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| CN104279754B (zh) * | 2014-09-26 | 2019-07-26 | 广东工业大学 | 天然气导热油锅炉余热综合利用系统 |
| CN105222585A (zh) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-06 | 广东工业大学 | 小型烟气助燃节能熔铝炉 |
| CN105423271B (zh) * | 2015-11-08 | 2019-03-08 | 广东工业大学 | 节能供汽锅炉系统 |
| CN105423753A (zh) * | 2015-11-19 | 2016-03-23 | 广东工业大学 | 具有多孔喷管换热器的连续式低氧高温燃烧熔铝炉 |
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