CN103385285A - Determination method of Kiwi berry fruit suitable harvesting stage - Google Patents
Determination method of Kiwi berry fruit suitable harvesting stage Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a determination method of Kiwi berry fruit suitable harvesting stage, which comprises the steps of 1) calculating fruit growth days by taking full flowering stage as a mark, and harvesting fruit in batch regularly from an early ripe period to a fully ripe period; 2) selecting Kiwi berry fruit well grown; 3) refrigerating the fruits harvested at different periods under same condition; 4) comparing difference of storability, disease resistance and quality of fruits of different harvesting stages based on a determination of rate of weight loss, decay rate, cold injury rate and cold injury index at warehouse-out, and quality index relevant to rear ripe fruits under normal temperature like sugar-acid ratio and VC content; and 5) obtaining optimum harvesting maturity and quality index based on difference between storability, disease resistance and quality of fruits harvested in different stages. The method provided by the invention provides basis for building corresponding Kiwi berry postharvest technology system and formulating scientific and perfect harvesting operation rules, which provides reliable evidence and method with strong operationality for determining an optimum harvesting stage in production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of definite method of suitable harvest stage, be specifically related to determining of 7 the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars suitable harvest stages in producing region, a kind of Shaanxi.
Background technology
Kiwi berry be Actinidiaceae (
Actinidiaceae) Actinidia (
Actinidia) perennial liana deciduous plant, originate in China, be rich in ascorbic acid, have very high nutrition and health care and be worth, thereby deeply be subjected to consumer's favor.
Actinidia, in climacteric type fruit, is the succulence berry, adopts after-tack rapid, not storage tolerance.Adopting rear refrigeration, can effectively to suppress kiwifruit fruit softening, extends storage time.Yet the fruit of most Kiwifruit Cultivars is more responsive to low temperature, and between kind, cold quick property differs greatly, and easily causes physiological metabolism imbalance etc. to damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature phenomenon after adopting in long-term cryopreservation and occurs, and harvest maturity is not suitable for promoting damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature generation.The fruit disease resistance that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature and storage property descend and cause serious rotting and quality deterioration, and loss is serious.
Kiwi fruit is tangible ripe rear owing to being difficult to judge its most suitable harvest date from the variation of the apparent conditions such as its size, shape and color and luster.And the Kiwi berry of different cultivars is because fruit development period is different, and its suitable time of gathering is also different; Same kind is in the inconsistency of different year due to weather conditions, and its suitable picking time is difference to some extent also; The different places of production are because the growing environment of Kiwi berry is not identical different its suitable picking time yet.So determine that the Harvesting Date of Kiwi berry is more difficult.
Shaanxi Province is the Kiwi berry producing region of China's maximum, and Kiwi output accounted for 70% of national output in 2012.In the Kiwi berry actual production process, the phenomenon of gathering too early is commonplace, there is no clear and definite harvest maturity and quality standard, the orchard worker is in order to grab a share of the market, (soluble solid ﹤ 4% during serious gathering) most just starts to gather when fruit enters first ripe phase, sugar, Vc content and sugar-acid ratio are low later to cause the fruit after-ripening, weak flavor; And easily susceptible, storage tolerance is low.
Gathering and adopt above-mentioned present situation in rear industry in order to improve China's Kiwi berry, suitable period and the harvest maturity index of quality of gathering of the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars in major production areas studied, is a very urgent task.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide definite method of 7 the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars suitable harvest stages in producing region, a kind of Shaanxi, for setting up, adopt accordingly rear technical system, the operational procedure of gathering that the formulation science is perfect provides foundation.Its solved kiwifruit fruit in the technical background gather too early the quality that causes low, do not damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature the high technical problem of incidence in storage tolerance and cold storage procedure, determined suitable the gathering period of main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars fruit.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
Definite method of a kind of kiwifruit fruit suitable picking time, its special character be, the performing step of the method is as follows:
1) calculate the fruit development number of days with the full-bloom stage mark, from the first ripe phase, fully ripe to fruit, regular picking fruit in batches; Described regularly in batches picking fruit refer to gather altogether 8 times, every 3 d fruit pickings once; Soluble solid and flesh firmness are determined in the consequence actual measurement of gathering at every turn;
2) select kiwifruit fruit: select and physically well develop, be of moderate size, color and luster is close, and the machinery-free wound, without disease and pest, the proper fruit of fruit shape;
The fruit of 3) different times being gathered refrigerates under identical conditions; Described identical conditions refers to fruit is put into that 0.03 mm is thick, in the polyethylene freshness protection package of 0.5% perforate degree, in (0 ± 0.5) ℃ relative humidity, is refrigeration 3 months in 85%～95% freezer;
4) by to outbound the time weight-loss ratio, rotting rate, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index, and under normal temperature the after-ripening hardness of fruit to 0.8-1.0 kg/cm
2The time, relevant index of quality sugar-acid ratio and V
CThe mensuration of content, the relatively difference of Different Harvesting Time fruit storage property, disease resistance and quality;
5) the comprehensive step 4) difference of respectively adopting the rear fruit storage property of adopting of phase fruit, disease resistance and quality is analyzed, and reaches a conclusion, and obtains maturity and the index of quality that the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars optimum in 7, Shaanxi Province is gathered.
The main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars in 7, producing region, above-mentioned Shaanxi comprises ' Red Male ' Kiwi berry, ' Hua You ' Kiwi berry, ' Xu Xiang ' Kiwi berry, ' Jin Xiang ' Kiwi berry, ' Qin Mei ' Kiwi berry, ' Ya Te ' Kiwi berry and ' Hayward ' Kiwi berry.
Above-mentioned maturity is determined by fertility day; The described index of quality comprises soluble solid content and hardness.
Above-mentioned ' Red Male ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 125-133 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.5-11 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; .
Above-mentioned ' Hua You ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 137-145 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.0-10.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Above-mentioned ' Xu Xiang ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 138-146 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 10.5-11.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Above-mentioned ' Jin Xiang ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 141-149 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Above-mentioned ' Qin Mei ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 147-159 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Above-mentioned ' Ya Te ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 153-165 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Above-mentioned ' Hayward ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 159-171 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 10.0-11.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1) systematic research gather too early, optimum harvest and excessively gathering evening on the impact of refrigeration Kiwi berry physiology quality.
2) for the theoretical reference that provides of physiological diseases such as damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature is provided in Kiwi berry postharvest storage process.
3) adopt rear technical system for setting up corresponding Kiwi berry, the operational procedure of gathering that the formulation science is perfect provides foundation, for the most suitable harvest date in producing determine to provide reliably, foundation and the method for strong operability.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the inventive method flow chart.
The specific embodiment
The concrete implementation step of the present invention:
1) calculate the fruit development number of days with the full-bloom stage mark, from the first ripe phase, fully ripe to fruit, regularly (wherein after ' Red Male ' Yu Shenghua, 115 d start to gather picking fruit, after ' Hua You ' Yu Shenghua, 123 d start to gather, after ' Xu Xiang ' Yu Shenghua, 128 d start to gather, after ' Jin Xiang ' Yu Shenghua, 130 d start to gather, after ' Qin Mei ' Yu Shenghua, 139 d start to gather, after ' Ya Te ' Yu Shenghua, 141 d start to gather, and after ' Hayward ' Yu Shenghua, 151 d start to gather).Gather altogether 8 times, every 3 d fruit pickings once, soluble solid and flesh firmness are determined in the consequence actual measurement of gathering at every turn; What letter ' d ' herein represented is sky.
2) select kiwifruit fruit: select and physically well develop, be of moderate size, color and luster is close, and the machinery-free wound, without disease and pest, the proper fruit of fruit shape;
The kiwifruit fruit of 3) different times being gathered puts into that 0.03mm is thick, in the polyethylene freshness protection package of 0.5% perforate degree, in (0 ± 0.5) ℃ relative humidity, be refrigeration 3 months in 85%～95% freezer;
4) refrigeration 90 d after outbound, the statistics kiwifruit fruit weight-loss ratio, rotting rate, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index.Refrigerate after 90 d under outbound normal temperature after-ripening hardness to 0.8-1.0 kg/cm
2, then measure sugar-acid ratio and the V of fruit
CContent, the difference of Different Harvesting Time fruit storage property, disease resistance and quality relatively;
5) comprehensively respectively adopt post-harvest physiology and the quality Variation Features of phase fruit, obtain 7 maturity and index of quality that Shaanxi Province's main breed optimum is gathered.
Embodiment one:
7 main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars are example take Shaanxi Province, compared gather too early, optimum harvest and excessively gathering evening on the impact of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate and damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index of refrigeration Kiwi berry, result such as table 1:
The degree that damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature after the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars Different Harvesting Time fruit cold storage in 7, table 1 Shaanxi Province relatively
The too early Harvesting Date of kind was gathered and was gathered evening
The rate of the damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate of the damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature damages to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature
(%) index (%) index (%) index
Red Male 95.0 0.65 56.5 0.30 55.3 0.31
China excellent 88.2 0.52 48.6 0.25 46.8 0.22
Xu Xiang 42.1 0.29 18.3 0.15 17.8 0.11
Gold fragrant 11.3 0.20 4.1 0.12 3.0 0.10
Qin Mei 8.1 0.18 1.2 0.10 0.4 0.08
Inferior special 14.2 0.23 8.5 0.16 7.6 0.14
Hayward 9.5 0.25 0.6 0.08 00
(annotating: add up when (0 ± 0.5) ℃ refrigerates 90 d outbound)
(gather too early: soluble solid≤5.5; Optimum harvest: soluble solid 6.5-7.5; Spending evening gathers: soluble solid 〉=8.5, as follows).
Embodiment one shows: 7 Kiwifruit Cultivars all show early adopts the raising chill sensitive, and the late picking fruit degree of damaging to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature alleviates, but with the comparing of optimum harvest fruit, difference is not remarkable mostly.
Embodiment two:
7 main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars are example take Shaanxi Province, compared gather too early, optimum harvest and excessively gathering evening on the impact of refrigeration Kiwi berry weight-loss ratio and rotting rate, result such as table 2:
Loss rot after the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars Different Harvesting Time fruit cold storage in 7, table 2 Shaanxi Province relatively
The too early Harvesting Date of kind was gathered and was gathered evening
Weight-loss ratio rotting rate weight-loss ratio rotting rate weight-loss ratio rotting rate
（%） （%） （%） （%） （%） （%）
Red Male 9.7 31.3 5.0 10.2 6.8 14.5
China excellent 8.4 30.2 4.8 8.4 5.4 16.0
Xu Xiang 7.5 10.3 3.5 5.8 4.8 8.9
Gold fragrant 5.4 7.5 4.0 3.3 4.6 8.2
Qin Mei 6.4 21.2 2.1 8.4 4.8 26.2
Inferior special 5.6 6.4 2.5 3.0 4.5 8.1
Hayward 4.4 8.9 1.6 2.1 3.3 8.6
(annotating: measure during refrigeration 90 d outbound).
Embodiment two shows: the weight-loss ratio of picking fruit is the highest too early, and causes the raising of the cold quick property of fruit owing to gathering too early, thereby causes the fruit rot rate high; Cross the weightlessness of late picking fruit and rotting rate also apparently higher than the optimum harvest fruit.But it is slightly better than what gather too early to cross late weight-loss ratio and rotting rate of gathering.
Embodiment three:
7 main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars are example take Shaanxi Province, compared gather too early, optimum harvest and excessively gathering evening on the impact of after-ripening quality under normal temperature after refrigeration Kiwi berry outbound, result such as table 3:
After-ripening quality comparison under normal temperature after the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars Different Harvesting Time fruit cold storage in 7, table 3 Shaanxi Province
The too early Harvesting Date of kind was gathered and was gathered evening
Sugar/sour Vc content sugar/sour Vc content sugar/sour Vc content
（mg/100g） （mg/100g） （mg/100g）
Red Male 15.0 55.2 16.5 88.5 16.8 76.2
China excellent 13.1 66.8 17.3 80.6 17.7 77.5
Xu Xiang 13.0 81.5 16.9 92.2 17.8 88.0
Gold fragrant 11.3 50.2 14.0 78.3 14.6 75.5
Qin Mei 10.1 82.4 12.5 106.4 12.8 95.2
Inferior special 14.2 78.9 16.2 97.6 16.6 90.5
Hayward 12.2 107.1 13.6 123.6 13.8 104.6
(annotate: refrigeration 90 d outbounds, under normal temperature, after-ripening hardness is to 0.8-1.0 kg/cm
2).
Embodiment three shows: it is low that all kinds all show the fruit sugar-acid ratio of gathering too early, i.e. fruit meta-acid, and Vc content extremely significantly reduces; Picking time excessively late (pol is lower than 8.5%), because aging is done sth. in advance, part Vc degraded, caused its Vc content lower than the optimum harvest fruit though fruit sugar-acid ratio difference is not remarkable.
Embodiment four:
7 main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars are example take Shaanxi Province, and post-harvest physiology and the quality Variation Features of the phase of respectively the adopting fruit that draws with embodiment one, two, three obtain maturity that 7 principal item optimums gather and the index of quality according to result such as table 4:
The main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars fruit harvesting maturity index foundation in 7, table 4 Shaanxi Province
Kind fertility day soluble solid flesh firmness
(d) （%） （kg/cm
2 ）
Red Male 125-133 6.5-7.5 9.5-11.0
The excellent 137-145 6.5-7.5 9.0-10.5 of China
Xu Xiang 138-146 6.5-7.0 10.5-11.5
The fragrant 141-149 6.5-7.0 9.0-10.0 of gold
Qin Mei 147-159 6.5-7.0 9.0-10.0
Inferior special 153-165 6.5-7.0 9.0-10.0
Hayward 159-171 6.5-7.5 10.0-11.5
(annotate: fertility day be full-bloom stage when gathering fruit development number of days).
Draw thus, ' Red Male ' fruit was at fertility day 125-133 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.5-11 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Hua You ' fruit was at fertility day 137-145 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.0-10.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Xu Xiang ' fruit was at fertility day 138-146 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 10.5-11.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Jin Xiang ' fruit was at fertility day 141-149 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Qin Mei ' fruit was at fertility day 147-159 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Ya Te ' fruit was at fertility day 153-165 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period; ' Hayward ' fruit was at fertility day 159-171 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 10.0-11.5kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
Claims (10)
1. definite method of kiwifruit fruit suitable picking time, is characterized in that, the performing step of the method is as follows:
1) calculate the fruit development number of days with the full-bloom stage mark, from the first ripe phase, fully ripe to fruit, regular picking fruit in batches; Described regularly in batches picking fruit refer to gather altogether 8 times, every 3 d fruit pickings once; Soluble solid and flesh firmness are determined in the consequence actual measurement of gathering at every turn;
2) select kiwifruit fruit: select and physically well develop, be of moderate size, color and luster is close, and the machinery-free wound, without disease and pest, the proper fruit of fruit shape;
The fruit of 3) different times being gathered refrigerates under identical conditions; Described identical conditions refers to fruit is put into that 0.03 mm is thick, in the polyethylene freshness protection package of 0.5% perforate degree, in (0 ± 0.5) ℃ relative humidity, is refrigeration 3 months in 85%～95% freezer;
4) by to outbound the time weight-loss ratio, rotting rate, damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature rate and damage to plants caused by sudden drop in temperature index, and under normal temperature the after-ripening hardness of fruit to 0.8-1.0 kg/cm
2The time, relevant index of quality sugar-acid ratio and V
CThe mensuration of content, the relatively difference of Different Harvesting Time fruit storage property, disease resistance and quality;
5) the comprehensive step 4) difference of respectively adopting the rear fruit storage property of adopting of phase fruit, disease resistance and quality is analyzed, and reaches a conclusion, and obtains maturity and the index of quality that the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars fruit optimum in 7, Shaanxi Province is gathered.
2. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 1 suitable picking time, it is characterized in that: the main cultivation Kiwifruit Cultivars in 7, producing region, described Shaanxi comprises ' Red Male ' Kiwi berry, ' Hua You ' Kiwi berry, ' Xu Xiang ' Kiwi berry, ' Jin Xiang ' Kiwi berry, ' Qin Mei ' Kiwi berry, ' Ya Te ' Kiwi berry and ' Hayward ' Kiwi berry.
3. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 2 suitable picking time, it is characterized in that: described maturity is determined by fertility day; The described index of quality comprises soluble solid content and hardness.
4. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Red Male ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 125-133 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.5-11 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
5. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Hua You ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 137-145 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 9.0-10.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
6. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Xu Xiang ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 138-146 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 10.5-11.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
7. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Jin Xiang ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 141-149 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
8. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Qin Mei ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 147-159 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
9. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Ya Te ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 153-165 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.0%, hardness 9.0-10.0 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
10. definite method of kiwifruit fruit according to claim 3 suitable picking time, is characterized in that: described ' Hayward ' kiwi fruit tangible fertility day 159-171 days, soluble solid 6.5-7.5%, hardness 10.0-11.5 kg/cm
2The time be optimum adopting period.
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| CN111616207A (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2020-09-04 | 西南大学 | Method for selecting optimal harvesting period of non-respiratory jump type fruit after picking and cold storage |
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| CN111616207B (en) * | 2020-07-02 | 2023-03-31 | 西南大学 | Method for selecting optimal harvesting period of non-respiratory jump type fruit after picking and cold storage |
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Application publication date: 20131113 |