CN1033730A - 育苗培养土 - Google Patents
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- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002361 compost Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaldehyde Chemical compound CC=O IKHGUXGNUITLKF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-bromo-2-fluorophenyl)acetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC(Br)=C1F PAWQVTBBRAZDMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 241000195940 Bryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052902 vermiculite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000019354 vermiculite Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010455 vermiculite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 13
- 235000003642 hunger Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 13
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 206010053759 Growth retardation Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 231100000001 growth retardation Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropylaldehyde Chemical compound CC(C)C=O AMIMRNSIRUDHCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000208822 Lactuca Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000003228 Lactuca sativa Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009400 out breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001364 upper extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/30—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing synthetic organic compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
- C05F11/02—Other organic fertilisers from peat, brown coal, and similar vegetable deposits
- C05F11/04—Horticultural earth from peat
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- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Receptacles Or Flower-Pots, Or Pots For Seedlings (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种育苗用培养土。由于这种培
养土是在由混合土、有机物及无机物混和组成的培养
土中,加入了适量的硝酸铵之类的速效性氮肥和乙醛
加工尿素之类的缓效性氮肥,所以从发芽初期至移植
适当期均不会发生氮饥饿,育苗能很好生长,可获得
健壮的苗。
Description
本发明涉及培育蔬菜苗和花苗等用的育苗培养土。
向来,对蔬菜或花进行育苗时,所用育苗培养土是在适当地混合了普通的土和有机物质的培养土里,混入氮、磷酸、钾以8∶8∶8的比例配合成的普通混合肥料,或以15∶15∶15的比例配合成的高级混合肥料而制成的。
但是最近,已开始用机械移植已育成的苗,且如果开始采用便于直接移植成块的苗的纸质育苗钵进行育苗的话,则由于育苗钵的材料即纸会吸收肥料中的相当部分的氮而发生腐蚀,所以在培育过程中会发生引起氮饥饿、苗的生长停滞、甚至苗枯死等各种问题。因此,如果仅把速效性的肥料大量混入培养土,则又存在灌水时因盐类浓度增高而引起发芽障害、苗不能发育的问题。相反,如果用缓效性的肥料,与用上述普通的混合肥料时相比,会发生更严重的氮饥饿问题。
本发明为了解决上述现有培养土存在的问题,采取了如下的技术手段。
本发明是在由粉砂、粘土及砂适当混合而成的混合土(日文原文为“原土”),以及草炭(Peat moss)等使其具有保水功能的有机物质,和蛭石等使其具有通气性的无机物质适当混合成的培养土1升中,加入氮含量(日文原文为“窒素成分量”以下同)为30-50mg的硝酸铵等的速效性氮肥,及氮含量为150-200mg的乙醛加工尿素(日文原文为“ セト ル ヒド加工尿素”)等的缓效性氮肥,适当混和而作为育苗培养土的。
根据本发明,如果把本发明的育苗培养土装入纸质的育苗钵中,播种、灌水,进行育苗,速效性的氮成份迅速溶解于水,被纸吸收、供纸腐蚀,部分速效性的氮成份留在培养土中,供给刚发芽的苗顺利地生长发育。而当该速效性的氮成份被吸收而变少时,缓效性的氮成份便慢慢起作用,这样便不会发生氮饥饿,而使苗顺利地成长发育,得到健状的苗。
附图图示了本发明的一个实施例,其中,图1是育苗器的立体图,图2是育苗箱的立体图,图3是在带突起板上安置了育苗器状态时的重要部分剖面图,图4是装入了苗床用土状态的重要部分剖面图,图5是覆盖了育苗箱状态的重要部分剖面图,图6是上下倒置状态的重要部分剖面图,图7是除去了带突起板状态的重要部分剖面图,图8是播了种子状态的重要部分剖面图,图9是放入了盖土和培育用土状态的重要部分剖面图,图10是灌过水(喷水)状态的重要部分剖面图,图11是生长状态的重要部分剖面图,图12是用A培养土的成长发育状态图(照片),图13是用B培养土的成长发育状态图(照片),图14是用C培养土的成长发育状态图(照片),图15是用D培养土的成长发育状态图(照片),图16是用本发明培养土的成长发育状态的图(照片)。
图中,1是育苗器,2是育苗钵,3是发芽孔,4是育苗箱,4a是孔,5是带突起板,5a是突起,6是培养土,7是播种孔,8是种子,9是地面。
以下详细说明本发明一个实施例的育苗培养土。
混合土是粘土15~25%,粉砂20~45%,砂65~30%的极普通的山土就可以了。
把草炭与蛭石以容积比为7∶3的比例混合成的、使保水性、保肥性、通气性及透水性良好的土壤改良用物质,以与上述混合土的容积比大致为5∶5的比例混入该混合土中,制成中间培养土。
再对该中间培养土1升,加入氮含量为30-50mg的速效性氮肥之一的硝酸铵,以及氮含量为150-200mg的缓效性氮肥之一的乙醛加工尿素,适当混和,制造育苗培养土。
以下对用这样制成的育苗培养土,利用机械移植的育苗钵培育栽培用蔬菜的苗的例子进行说明。
图1中,1是育苗器,纸等纤维质材料制成的育苗钵2成倒梯形状的剖面,该育苗钵2的底面开有发芽孔3,而且该各育苗钵2、2……的上缘四周互相相连成一体,构成方形整体。图中的育苗钵的大小,底面宽度大致为1.5cm×1.5cm高为2.5cm,上口侧的宽度为2.5cm×2.50m,成截去了尖顶的倒四棱锥形。
图2中,4是育苗箱,用合成树脂形成,其大小以箱的内壁间距为基准,大致宽为30cm,长60cm,高3cm,是长方形的箱,该育苗箱4的底板上开有多个苗的根可通过的大约直径为5-7mm左右的孔4a。
现对使用这育苗器1与育苗箱4的育苗方法进行说明,首先如图3所示,把育苗器1安置在设有突起5a的板5上,并使该突起5a、5a……嵌在上述育苗器1的各育苗钵2底面上的发芽孔3内,接着如图4所示,把本发明的培养土6填入各育苗钵2内。接着如图5所示,从上覆盖上育苗箱4,并上下颠倒成图6所示状态,除去已翻至上面的板5,便如图7所示,在育苗钵2内从发芽孔3侧起形成播种孔7,再在该孔7内播上种子8,成图8所示。
然后如图9所示,从育苗器1上方,把规定量的培养土6均匀地放入,从发芽孔3进行盖土,用培养土6填没播种孔7,同时在各育苗钵2,2……之间放入培养土6。这样,如果从上向下灌水,堆积在育苗钵2之上的培养土6便流到育苗钵2、2之间的低谷间,成图10的状态。把它置于实验园地或旱田等的地面9上,不时从上灌水,进行育苗管理。这样,种子发芽,从育苗钵2的发芽孔3伸出,而根在育苗钵2内伸长,不久如图11所示,根从育苗箱4的孔4a伸出,伸入地面9,吸收地面中的养分,生长发育。
这样,用育苗器1可培养出机械移植用的苗,作为栽培实验的例子,莴苣苗的栽培获得了如下的结果。
A培养土……在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合70mg氮含量的硝酸铵的培养土。(如加入70mg以上,盐类浓度就会太高,引起发芽不良或苗被肥料烧勺伤。)
B培养土……在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合110mg氮含量的乙醛加工尿素的培养土。(普通市售的培养土是100-120mg。)
C培养土……在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合20mg氮含量的硝酸铵及折合125mg氮含量的乙醛加工尿素的培养土。
D培养土……在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合70mg氮含量的硝酸铵及折合180mg氮含量的乙醛加工尿素的培养土。
本发明的培养土……在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合40mg氮含量的硝酸铵和折合160mg氮含量的乙醛加工尿素的培养土。
用上述5种培养土进行了育苗实验。另外,磷酸是在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合700mg磷酸含量的量,而钾是在中间培养土1升中,混入了折合200mg钾含量的量。关于磷酸,由于混合土的不同而加入量有相当的差异,但在普通的中间培养土1升中,可以500-1000mg的范围加入。关于钾,以氮的含量为大致基准施加,在本实施例中,混和了与本发明培养土的氮总含量的200mg相同量的钾。
上述实验的结果如附图所示,从图可知:
A培养土……对初期的苗生长无问题,但发芽后经过15天,便发生氮饥饿,生长停滞,得不到健壮的苗。
B培养土……从开始便成氮饥饿状态,发芽2-5日后苗即枯萎。
C培养土……虽然不象B培养土那样严重,但同样在发芽后呈氮饥饿状态,得不到健壮的苗。
D培养土……发芽后的生长极旺盛,成茎叶很弱的徒长苗,机械移植时损伤多,得不到健壮的苗。
本发明的培养土……从发芽初期至移植适当期的第35日左右都能很好生长,可获得健壮的苗。
还有,育苗培养土最好是pH为5.7-6.2,EC为0.4-0.8s/cm(把盐类浓度作为电导率表示的参数),假比重为0.5-0.8。
在上述例子中,作为速效性肥料使用了硝酸铵,当然也可使用尿素,而作为缓效性的肥料,使用了市场上一般被称为CDU氮肥的乙醛加工尿素肥料,但当然也可使用被称为LP氮肥的被覆复合肥料或氢氰酸氮肥(日文原文为“ホルム窒素肥料”),或作为IB氮在市场上销售的异丁醛加工尿素肥料等。
Claims (1)
- 一种育苗培养土,这是在由适当混合了粉砂、粘土和砂的混合土,草炭等使其具有保水功能的有机物质,以及蛭石等使其具有通气性的无机物质适当混和而成的培养土1升中,加入折合氮含量30-50mg的硝酸铵之类的速效性氮肥,以及折合氮含量150-200mg的乙醛加工尿素之类的缓效性氮肥,适当混和而成的。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP276486/87 | 1987-10-30 | ||
JP62276486A JPH01117722A (ja) | 1987-10-30 | 1987-10-30 | 育苗培土 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1033730A true CN1033730A (zh) | 1989-07-12 |
CN1018515B CN1018515B (zh) | 1992-10-07 |
Family
ID=17570123
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN88107538A Expired CN1018515B (zh) | 1987-10-30 | 1988-10-29 | 育苗培养土 |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
JP (1) | JPH01117722A (zh) |
KR (1) | KR890006138A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1018515B (zh) |
IT (1) | IT1223880B (zh) |
NL (1) | NL8802664A (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100386020C (zh) * | 2003-06-04 | 2008-05-07 | 赵瑞 | 一种蔬菜无土育苗基质 |
CN104412817A (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-18 | 赵先武 | 一种蔬菜的种植方法 |
CN107188713A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | 一种沙基水稻育苗基质及其制备方法 |
CN107960297A (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-27 | 贵溪欧绿多肉植物有限公司 | 多肉植物的培育种植方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP3227256B2 (ja) * | 1993-03-16 | 2001-11-12 | 理想科学工業株式会社 | 画像形成装置の給紙装置 |
JPH07213164A (ja) * | 1994-07-13 | 1995-08-15 | Yanmar Agricult Equip Co Ltd | 人工培地付苗を利用した移植方法 |
JP6189741B2 (ja) * | 2013-12-20 | 2017-08-30 | 住化農業資材株式会社 | 育苗用培土及び育苗方法 |
JP7226231B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-30 | 2023-02-21 | 井関農機株式会社 | 育苗培土 |
KR102418730B1 (ko) * | 2020-03-24 | 2022-07-08 | 주식회사 팜한농 | 원예용 복합 비료 조성물 |
-
1987
- 1987-10-30 JP JP62276486A patent/JPH01117722A/ja active Pending
-
1988
- 1988-10-28 KR KR1019880014081A patent/KR890006138A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-10-29 CN CN88107538A patent/CN1018515B/zh not_active Expired
- 1988-10-31 NL NL8802664A patent/NL8802664A/nl not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-10-31 IT IT67979/88A patent/IT1223880B/it active
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100386020C (zh) * | 2003-06-04 | 2008-05-07 | 赵瑞 | 一种蔬菜无土育苗基质 |
CN104412817A (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2015-03-18 | 赵先武 | 一种蔬菜的种植方法 |
CN107188713A (zh) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | 一种沙基水稻育苗基质及其制备方法 |
CN107960297A (zh) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-04-27 | 贵溪欧绿多肉植物有限公司 | 多肉植物的培育种植方法 |
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IT1223880B (it) | 1990-09-29 |
KR890006138A (ko) | 1989-06-12 |
CN1018515B (zh) | 1992-10-07 |
IT8867979A0 (it) | 1988-10-31 |
JPH01117722A (ja) | 1989-05-10 |
NL8802664A (nl) | 1989-05-16 |
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