CN103370529B - 燃料喷射系统 - Google Patents

燃料喷射系统 Download PDF

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CN103370529B
CN103370529B CN201280008128.1A CN201280008128A CN103370529B CN 103370529 B CN103370529 B CN 103370529B CN 201280008128 A CN201280008128 A CN 201280008128A CN 103370529 B CN103370529 B CN 103370529B
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fuel
supply tube
sparger
injection system
fuel injection
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CN103370529A (zh
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K·埃克隆
M·特洛伯格
A·温特史黛勒
V·沃蒂莱宁
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Wartsila Finland Oy
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/002—Arrangement of leakage or drain conduits in or from injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0011—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor
    • F02M37/0017—Constructional details; Manufacturing or assembly of elements of fuel systems; Materials therefor related to fuel pipes or their connections, e.g. joints or sealings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F02M37/0052—Details on the fuel return circuit; Arrangement of pressure regulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/004—Joints; Sealings
    • F02M55/005—Joints; Sealings for high pressure conduits, e.g. connected to pump outlet or to injector inlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/02—Conduits between injection pumps and injectors, e.g. conduits between pump and common-rail or conduits between common-rail and injectors
    • F02M55/025—Common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M55/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by their fuel conduits or their venting means; Arrangements of conduits between fuel tank and pump F02M37/00
    • F02M55/04—Means for damping vibrations or pressure fluctuations in injection pump inlets or outlets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00—Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/023—Means for varying pressure in common rails
    • F02M63/0235—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure
    • F02M63/025—Means for varying pressure in common rails by bleeding fuel pressure from the common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02—Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225—Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275—Arrangement of common rails
    • F02M63/0285—Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/006—Measuring or detecting fuel leakage of fuel injection apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/31—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements
    • F02M2200/315—Fuel-injection apparatus having hydraulic pressure fluctuations damping elements for damping fuel pressure fluctuations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/40—Fuel-injection apparatus with fuel accumulators, e.g. a fuel injector having an integrated fuel accumulator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2700/00—Supplying, feeding or preparing air, fuel, fuel air mixtures or auxiliary fluids for a combustion engine; Use of exhaust gas; Compressors for piston engines
    • F02M2700/05—Miscellaneous constructional elements; Leakage detection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M37/00—Apparatus or systems for feeding liquid fuel from storage containers to carburettors or fuel-injection apparatus; Arrangements for purifying liquid fuel specially adapted for, or arranged on, internal-combustion engines
    • F02M37/0047—Layout or arrangement of systems for feeding fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02—Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027—Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/005—Pressure relief valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00—Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0012—Valves
    • F02M63/0031—Valves characterized by the type of valves, e.g. special valve member details, valve seat details, valve housing details
    • F02M63/005—Pressure relief valves
    • F02M63/0052—Pressure relief valves with means for adjusting the opening pressure, e.g. electrically controlled

Abstract

一种用于往复式发动机的燃料喷射系统（1），所述燃料喷射系统包括：喷射器（6），所述喷射器用于将增压燃料喷射到所述发动机的汽缸（13）中；高压泵（5），所述高压泵用于增压待被喷射的燃料；供应管（7），所述供应管用于从所述高压泵（5）朝向所述喷射器（6）供给燃料；以及供给管（8），所述供给管用于将燃料从所述供应管（7）供给到所述喷射器（6）。所述供给管（7）的第一端连接至所述喷射器（6）并且其第二端连接至所述供应管（7）。每个燃料喷射器（6）均设置有蓄压器（14）。

Description

燃料喷射系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于往复式发动机的燃料喷射系统。
背景技术
为了改善柴油发动机的操作，通常使用所谓的共轨燃料喷射系统。在该共轨系统中，压力供应和燃料喷射在功能上彼此分开。燃料借助高压泵被供给到共轨，并且燃料从该共轨通过单独的管被引到燃料喷射器。这种共轨燃料喷射系统从现有技术，例如从EP959245B1已知。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了提供一种改进的燃料喷射系统。
根据本发明的燃料喷射系统包括：喷射器，所述喷射器用于将增压燃料喷射到发动机的汽缸中；高压泵，所述高压泵用于增压待被喷射的燃料；供应管，所述供应管用于将燃料从所述高压泵朝向所述喷射器供给；以及供给管，所述供给管用于将燃料供给到所述喷射器。所述供给管的第一端连接至所述喷射器并且其第二端连接至所述供应管。此外，每个燃料喷射器均设置有蓄压器。
借助于本发明能获得显著的益处。根据本发明的燃料喷射系统是节省成本的，这是因为它不包括单独的蓄压器(共轨)，燃料从该单独的蓄压器被供给到供给管和喷射器。此外，所述燃料喷射系统能被容易地改装到现有的发动机。
附图说明
在下文中，将参照所附的示意图通过示例来描述本发明，附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的实施方式的燃料喷射系统。
图2是能在图1的燃料喷射系统中使用的燃料喷射器和管连接器的剖视图。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地示出了大型往复式发动机(例如大型柴油发动机)的燃料喷射系统1。发动机的汽缸能成行布置或布置成V形构造。在这里大型往复式发动机是指这样的发动机，其能例如用作船舶或发电厂中的主发动机和辅助发动机以用于产生热和/或电。发动机能由重燃油操作。燃料喷射系统1包括用于将燃料喷射到发动机的汽缸中的燃料喷射器6。另外，燃料喷射系统1包括燃料源(例如燃料箱2)，燃料从该燃料源借助低压泵3沿着燃料管线4被供给到高压泵5中。高压泵5将燃料压力升高到使得能够在喷射器6中获得足够的喷射压力的水平。如果汽缸被布置成V形构造，则燃料喷射系统1能包括用于两个缸排的共用高压泵，或者每个缸排均能设置有单独的高压泵。高压泵5设置有用于测量燃料温度的温度传感器47。
燃料喷射系统1包括用于将燃料从高压泵5朝向燃料喷射器6供给的供应管7。该供应管7的一端连接至高压泵5。供应管7是双壁管，其包括用于朝向喷射器6供给燃料的内部流动空间(56，图2)以及用于可能泄漏的燃料的外部流动空间(57，图2)。燃料从高压泵5通过内部流动空间56朝向喷射器6被供给。外部流动空间57充当用于可能泄漏的燃料的收集通道。每个喷射器6均借助单独的供给管8连接至供应管7。供给管8的第一端连接至喷射器6。供给管8的第二端连接至供应管7。供给管8的第二端能借助连接器24连接至供应管7。供应管7能设置有压力传感器55，该压力传感器布置成测量内部流动空间56中的燃料压力。压力传感器55能沿燃料流动方向安装在高压泵5和第一管连接器24之间。
双壁供应管7设置有用于将该供应管7连接至燃料箱2的环流阀23。该环流阀23使得燃料能够在喷射系统1中循环，例如用于在起动发动机之前加热燃料。此外，双壁供应管7设置有安全阀40，该安全阀保护燃料喷射系统1不受过压的影响。安全阀40保持供应管7中的压力低于预定最大值。安全阀40还能充当降压阀，借助该降压阀，燃料喷射系统1能被降压。安全阀40的出口侧设置有排放容器48和节流阀49，从安全阀40排出的燃料流过该排放容器和节流阀。节流阀49放置在排放容器48的下游。排放容器48和节流阀49阻尼燃料的压力脉动。此外，安全阀40的出口侧设置有燃料温度传感器54，该燃料温度传感器用于测量燃料温度从而显示从安全阀40的可能的燃料泄漏。环流阀23和安全阀40通过回流管线41连接至燃料箱2。环流阀23和安全阀40能结合到单个阀模块50中。另外，阀模块50包括排放容器48和节流阀49。阀模块50还能包括燃料温度传感器54。环流阀23和安全阀40在最后的管连接器的下游的位置处连接至双壁供应管7。
高压容积51能连接至双壁供应管7的内部流动空间。高压容积51的目的是为了阻尼内部流动空间中的燃料压力脉动。高压容积51能在最后的管连接器24的下游的位置处连接至双壁供应管。阀模块50能设置有燃料压力传感器52，该燃料压力传感器布置成测量双壁供应管7的内部流动空间中的燃料压力。压力传感器55和燃料压力传感器52的压力测量用于控制内部流动空间中的燃料压力。内部燃料空间中的燃料压力能基于由传感器52、55测量的较高压力值被控制。
燃料喷射系统1未设置有供连接一个或多个供给管8的蓄压器(共轨)。常规的共轨燃料喷射系统包括蓄压器，燃料从高压泵被供给到该蓄压器中并且燃料从该蓄压器借助供给管被进一步供给到一个或多个喷射器中。图1所示的喷射系统不包括这样的蓄压器，即，供连接一个或多个供给管8的蓄压器。在燃料喷射领域中众所周知的是，蓄压器必须存储相当数量的增压燃料，即，燃料在蓄压器中积聚。基于蓄压器的形状，蓄压器的截面流动面积通常显著大于连接至其的燃料排放管的截面流动面积。在附图所示的实施方式中，供应管7的截面流动面积(内部流动空间)能与连接至其的供给管8的截面流动面积一样大或略大于供给管8的截面流动面积。
燃料喷射器6的基本构造在图2中被更详细地示出。燃料喷射器6安装在发动机的汽缸盖9上。汽缸盖9包括供布置供给管8的孔20。燃料喷射器6包括喷射器主体10，在该喷射器主体中布置有燃料室12和阀针11。阀针11控制从燃料室12到发动机汽缸13中的燃料喷射。基于阀针11的位置，从燃料室12到汽缸13中的燃料喷射被允许或被阻止。喷射器6包括用于燃料的蓄压器14。蓄压器14是喷射器6的一体部分。蓄压器14能布置在喷射器主体10中。蓄压器14的容积至少为在发动机满(100％)负荷下在一次喷射事件期间由喷射器6喷射的燃料量(体积)的40倍，典型地为50倍至70倍。
蓄压器14经由连接通道15与燃料室12流动连通。在连接通道15中布置有限流熔断器16。限流熔断器16防止在喷射器6发生故障的情况下(例如当阀针11未能适当地关闭时)燃料从喷射器的蓄压器14流动到燃料室12。
喷射器6包括控制室17，燃料通过供给管8被供给到该控制室中。控制室17的入口设置有节流阀18，借助该节流阀，能够限制燃料向控制室17中的流动。控制室17中的燃料压力作用于阀针11上。由控制室17中的燃料压力引起的力朝向关闭位置向阀针11施力。阀针11的运动并且因此向汽缸13中的燃料喷射能通过调节控制室17中的燃料压力来控制。用于从控制室17移除燃料的回流管线19连接至喷射器6。回流管线19布置在汽缸盖9的第二孔53中或连接至该第二孔。在回流管线19中布置有控制阀21以用于控制燃料从控制室17的排放。控制阀21可以是电磁阀。喷射器6还设置有弹簧22，该弹簧朝向关闭位置向阀针11施力。
为了启动燃料喷射，而打开控制阀21。燃料从控制室17流入回流管线19中因此控制室17中的燃料压力减小。燃料通过第二孔53和回流管线19而流入燃料箱2中。当控制室17中的压力足够低时，由燃料室17中的燃料压力引起的力抵抗弹簧22的力而朝向打开位置向阀针11施力。结果，阀针11从其座部被升起并且燃料从燃料室12被喷射到汽缸13中。当控制阀21被关闭时，控制室17中的燃料压力增加。随后，阀针11返回到其靠着座部的关闭位置，使得从燃料室12到汽缸13中的燃料喷射停止。
图2示出了用于将双壁供应管7连接至供给管8的管连接器24。管连接器24能够是T形连接器。管连接器24包括三个装配件25至27。第一装配件25包括连接至双壁供应管的内部流动空间的第一部分45和连接至双壁供应管的外部流动空间的第二部分46。第二装配件26连接至双壁供应管7的内部流动空间。第三装配件27包括第一部分43和第二部分44。第一部分43连接至供给管8。
管连接器24包括连接器主体28，在该连接器主体中布置有流动通道29以使第一装配件的第一部分45、第二装配件26以及第三装配件的第一部分43互连。在连接器主体28中布置有泄漏通道31。泄漏通道31穿过第一装配件的第二部分46而与供应管7的外部流动通道流动连通。
连接至第二装配件26的供应管7的外部流动空间57与泄漏通道31流体分开并且因而与连接至第一装配件25的供应管7的外部流动空间流体分开。因此，管连接器24将供应管7的外部流动空间57分成多个隔室30(图1)，这些隔室彼此流体分开。泄漏通道31仅与外部流动空间57的一个隔室30流动连通。
管连接器24包括用于从泄漏通道31排放燃料的泄漏出口32。连接器24设置有检漏器33，该检漏器用于检测泄漏到供应管7的外部流动空间中并且从该外部流动空间流入流动通道31中的燃料。检漏器33包括关闭构件(诸如销34)，该关闭构件延伸到泄漏通道31中。销34具有第一位置和第二位置，在第一位置中防止从泄漏通道31向泄漏出口32的流动，在第二位置中允许从泄漏通道31向泄漏出口32的流动。在第一位置处，销34阻塞泄漏通道31并且因此防止燃料从泄漏通道31向泄漏出口32的流动。在第二位置处，销34打开泄漏通道31使得在泄漏通道31和泄漏出口32之间存在流动连通。
图2示出了不存在泄漏且销34在连接器主体28中处于第一位置的正常情况。当销34处于第一位置时，在泄漏通道31和泄漏出口32之间不存在流动连通。如果泄漏燃料流到泄漏通道31，则泄漏通道中的压力开始上升。当泄漏通道31中的压力上升到一定水平之上时，销34开始从连接器主体28向外移动，直到达到第二位置。在第二位置中燃料从泄漏通道31向泄漏出口32流动。销34设置有保持构件，该保持构件用于在泄漏通道中的压力较低时将销保持在第一位置。保持构件包括环35，该环由橡胶或其他合适的材料制成并且绕销34的外表面布置。环35抵靠泄漏通道31的内表面。销34开始从第一位置朝向第二位置移动所在的压力能通过环35的合适设计而设定。在第二位置中，销34从连接器主体28突出。销34的第二位置能从连接器24的外部被检测到。因为泄漏通道31仅与外部流动空间57的一个隔室30流动连通，因此销31也指示泄漏发生的供应管段。
管连接器24包括排放通道36，该排放通道从第三装配件的第二部分44延伸到泄漏出口32并且在所述第三装配件的第二部分44和泄漏出口32之间提供连续的流动连通。供给管8布置在汽缸盖9的孔20中。管连接器24连接至汽缸盖9，使得孔20的开口包围第三装配件以及排放通道开口。连接器24包括安装托架42，借助该安装托架能将该连接器附接到汽缸盖9。供给管8的外表面和孔20的内表面之间的间隙充当用于从喷射器6泄漏的燃料的排出通道。孔20通过排放通道36与泄漏出口32流动连通。因此，从喷射器6和/或供给管8泄漏的燃料能通过泄漏出口32被排出。
排放管线37连接至泄漏出口32。来自连接器的排放管线37连接至共用的收集管线38。来自排放管线37的泄漏燃料流被引到收集管线38。收集管线38设置有检漏装置39。检漏装置39连接至收集管线38的来自排放管线37的所有燃料都流过的位置。因为在喷射器6的正常操作条件下，仅少量燃料从喷射器6泄漏，因此有利的是仅检测到较大的泄漏燃料流。因此，检漏装置39布置成仅检测具有超过预定值的流量的燃料流。当超过预定流量时，检漏装置39被布置成触发警报或者以其它方式指示存在来自喷射器6或双壁供应管7的燃料泄漏。如果检漏装置指示了泄漏并且所有的销34都处于第一位置，则燃料从喷射器6和/或供给管8泄漏。相应地，如果销34中的至少一个销处于第二位置，则燃料从双壁供应管7泄漏。销34还指示泄漏发生的供应管段。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于往复式发动机的燃料喷射系统(1)，所述燃料喷射系统包括：
-喷射器(6)，所述喷射器用于将增压燃料喷射到所述发动机的汽缸(13)中；
-高压泵(5)，所述高压泵用于增压待被喷射的燃料；
-供应管(7)，所述供应管用于从所述高压泵(5)朝向所述喷射器(6)供给燃料；以及
-供给管(8)，所述供给管用于将燃料从所述供应管(7)供给到所述喷射器(6)，其中，所述供给管(8)的第一端连接至所述喷射器(6)，
-所述供给管(8)的第二端连接至所述供应管(7)，并且
-每个燃料喷射器(6)均设置有蓄压器(14)，所述蓄压器是所述喷射器(6)的一体部分，
所述燃料喷射系统的特征在于，所述供应管(7)是双壁管，该双壁管包括用于朝向所述喷射器(6)供给燃料的内部流动空间(56)和用于可能泄漏的燃料的外部流动空间(57)，并且所述供给管(8)借助连接器(24)连接至所述供应管(7)，所述连接器设置有用于检测来自所述供应管(7)的燃料泄漏的检漏器(33)，并且
所述供给管(8)布置在形成于所述发动机的汽缸盖内的孔中，并且所述供给管的外表面与所述孔的内表面之间的间隙充当用于从所述喷射器(6)泄漏的燃料的排出通道。
2.根据权利要求1所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述蓄压器(14)的容积至少为在发动机满(100％)负荷下在一次喷射事件期间由所述喷射器(6)喷射的燃料量的40倍。
3.根据权利要求2所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述蓄压器(14)的容积为在发动机满(100％)负荷下在一次喷射事件期间由所述喷射器(6)喷射的燃料量的50倍至70倍。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述供应管(7)设置有用于将该供应管(7)连接至燃料箱(2)的环流阀(23)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述供应管(7)设置有安全阀(40)，所述安全阀用于将所述供应管(7)中的压力保持在预定最大值以下并且用于使该供应管(7)降压。
6.根据权利要求5所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述环流阀(23)和所述安全阀(40)结合在单个阀模块(50)中。
7.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述连接器(24)包括：泄漏通道(31)，所述泄漏通道与所述供应管(7)的所述外部流动空间流动连通；泄漏出口(32)，所述泄漏出口用于从所述泄漏通道(31)排出燃料；以及包括在所述检漏器(33)中的关闭构件(34)，所述关闭构件具有第一位置和第二位置，在所述第一位置中防止从所述泄漏通道(31)向所述泄漏出口(32)的流动，在所述第二位置中允许从所述泄漏通道(31)向所述泄漏出口(32)的流动，并且所述关闭构件(34)布置成在所述泄漏通道(31)中的压力上升到一定限值以上时从所述第一位置移到所述第二位置。
8.根据权利要求7所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，能够从所述连接器(24)的外部检测所述关闭构件(34)的位置。
9.根据权利要求7所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述连接器(24)将外部流动通道分成多个隔室(30)，并且每个连接器(24)的所述泄漏通道(31)仅与一个隔室(30)流动连通。
10.根据权利要求5所述的燃料喷射系统(1)，其特征在于，所述安全阀(40)的出口侧设置有排放容器(48)和节流阀(49)。
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US9964083B2 (en) 2018-05-08
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WO2012107633A3 (en) 2013-03-21
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