CN103367546A - Preparation technology of photovoltaic battery front-face electrode - Google Patents
Preparation technology of photovoltaic battery front-face electrode Download PDFInfo
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- CN103367546A CN103367546A CN2013102916982A CN201310291698A CN103367546A CN 103367546 A CN103367546 A CN 103367546A CN 2013102916982 A CN2013102916982 A CN 2013102916982A CN 201310291698 A CN201310291698 A CN 201310291698A CN 103367546 A CN103367546 A CN 103367546A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation technology of a photovoltaic battery front-face electrode. The preparation technology includes the following steps that firstly, a conductive paste body is prepared; secondly, composite electrode material is prepared; thirdly, a battery piece or the composite electrode material is heated, the viscosity of the composite electrode material is made to recover, the composite electrode material is paved according to a designed pattern and connected to the front surface of the battery piece in an adhesive mode, and the adhesion processing is completed; fourthly, main grid lines are prepared on the front face of the battery piece; fifthly, the battery piece is placed into a drying furnace and a sintering furnace, the battery piece is dried at 200-500 DEG C and sintered at 500-900 DEG C, the bonding processing is completed, and the front-face electrode is formed. The composite electrode material different from traditional screen printing electrode material silver paste is applied, the electric combination of a composite electrode and alloy on the front face of the battery piece is finally achieved through the two processes of the adhesion processing and the bonding processing, and preparation of the battery front-face electrode is completed. The battery front-face electrode capable of being manufactured with the preparation technology is small in shading area, higher in conductivity and lower in cost.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the photovoltaic cell technical field, be specifically related to a kind of preparation technology of photovoltaic cell front electrode.
Background technology
The photovoltaic cell front-side metallization mainly is that the mode by the silk screen printing electrocondution slurry realizes that the electrode depth-width ratio of its preparation is little at present, and electrode width is large, width is inhomogeneous and collapsing of the edges is serious, and electrode height is little and highly inhomogeneous.For photovoltaic cell, electrode width is large and subside and means that seriously the front shading-area is large, and electrode height is low and inhomogeneously mean that electrode conductivuty is poor, the internal resistance of cell is large, and these all seriously affect and restricted the lifting of power conversion efficiency (pce).
The photovoltaic cell front electrode mainly contains the effect of two aspects: be that electrode bottom and battery front surface form alloy and ohmic contact on the one hand, play electric connection; Be the electrode body conduction current on the one hand, play the effect of conductor.Effect for electrical connection, present silver slurry can play reasonable effect, reach lower contact resistance, but the effect for conductor, because silver-colored slurry itself is to be made of silver powder, electrode prepared therefrom is a kind of structure of porous, and its electric conductivity is more far short of what is expected than the fine and close conductor of simple metal, these have also limited the raising of electrodes conduct performance, thereby have restricted the raising of power conversion efficiency (pce).
The electrocondution slurry that is used at present the photovoltaic cell front-side metallization mainly is the silver slurry, because the requirement of conductivity, the content of silver is very high in the silver slurry, reach about 90%, silver is noble metal, and present photovoltaic cell front electrode materials select also seriously to have restricted the further decline of photovoltaic cell manufacturing cost.
In addition, traditional starches the technique that realizes the photovoltaic cell front-side metallization with silk screen printing and silver, it is the permeability that utilizes half tone itself, under certain pressure, the silver slurry that viscosity is very high sees through mesh and is expressed to the photovoltaic cell front, because slurry viscosity is very high, and the half tone opening is very little, so need very large pressure could form electrode pattern up to standard, fragmentation rate when so large pressure has increased printed battery, following photovoltaic cell with more and more thinner trend under, traditional screen-printed metal scheme has hindered the application of new technology.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of preparation technology of photovoltaic cell front electrode is provided, it is low that the method has a cost, the advantage that power conversion efficiency (pce) is high.
The present invention realizes that the technical scheme that above-mentioned technical purpose adopts is as follows:
A kind of preparation technology of photovoltaic cell front electrode, its special character is: may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation conduction lotion: with metal dust, metal or nonmetal oxide, organic bond, organic solvent and additive mixing and stirring obtain conducting electricity lotion; In the described conduction lotion, the quality percentage composition of metal dust is 70-90%, the quality percentage composition of metal or nonmetal oxide is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic bond is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic solvent is 1-10%, and the quality percentage composition of additive is 1-5%;
(2) preparation combination electrode material: the conduction lotion evenly is coated in the conductive filament surface, and drying curing forms;
(3) cell piece or combination electrode material are heated, the organic bond in the combination electrode material can partly or entirely be melted, recover its viscosity, combination electrode material is laid by layout and be bonded in the cell piece front surface, finish binder-treatment;
(4) prepare the main grid line in the front of cell piece: the cell piece surface sprays the conductive paste system grid line of deciding with the mode of spraying;
(5) cell piece is put in drying oven and the sintering furnace, 200 ℃ of-500 ℃ of oven dry, carried out sintering at 500 ℃-900 ℃, form front electrode.
The above-mentioned combination electrode material two ends that are layed in the cell piece front surface and both sides are at a distance of cell piece front edge 0.5-1.5mm.
Above-mentioned main grid line two ends are apart from cell piece edge 0.5-1.5mm.
Above-mentioned main grid line quantity is the 1-10 root.
In the above-mentioned steps (3), the heating of combination electrode material or cell piece can mode ultrasonic by heat, infrared or laser realize, is preferably the mode of infrared heating; Heating-up temperature is 80 ℃-500 ℃.
In the above-mentioned steps (1), the granular size scope of metal dust is 0.1-2 μ m, and form is sphere or torispherical.
In the above-mentioned steps (2), the diameter of conductive filament is 5 microns to 50 microns.
In the above-mentioned steps (2), after the conduction lotion baking and curing thickness be 3 microns to 20 microns.
In the above-mentioned steps (2), the baking and curing temperature of conduction lotion is 50 ℃-200 ℃.
Combination electrode material has two kinds of effects, has been respectively the effect of conduction current and can and have formed afterwards with cell piece surface strong bond in technical process that firm alloy is combined and the electricity combination again.Combination electrode two ends and both sides avoid combination electrode to extend to the etching edge zone at a distance of cell piece front edge 0.5mm-1.5mm, cause the situation of battery edge electric leakage to occur.
The present invention has reduced the width of the thin grid line of solar battery front side significantly, can prepare the meticulous grid line that width reaches the 20-60 micron, and simultaneous altitude can reach the 15-40 micron, and the electrode depth-width ratio is large; The conductance of thin grid line can improve more than 20% than conventional silver slurry grid line, makes that electrode resistance is little, the internal resistance of cell is little, thereby has promoted the conversion efficiency of photovoltaic cell.The present invention can prepare the front electrode that shading-area is little, conductivity is higher, cost is low, and this technical process greatly reduces the fragmentation phenomenon generation when the front electrode preparation section simultaneously.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of combination electrode material;
Fig. 2 is the photovoltaic cell Facad structure figure that has prepared the main grid line;
Fig. 3 is the photovoltaic cell Facad structure figure that finishes the front electrode preparation;
Fig. 4 is cell piece and the combination electrode junction cross sectional representation of having finished bonding processing;
Fig. 5 is the horizontal heap face of cell piece and the combination electrode junction schematic diagram of finishing the front electrode preparation;
Wherein, 1-conductive filament, 2-cell piece, 3-main grid line, 4-combination electrode material, 5-bonding interface, 6-bonded interface.
Embodiment
Below be described in further detail by the drawings and specific embodiments.
A kind of preparation technology of photovoltaic cell front electrode may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation conduction lotion: with metal dust, metal or nonmetal oxide, organic bond, organic solvent and additive mixing and stirring obtain conducting electricity lotion; In the described conduction lotion, the quality percentage composition of metal dust is 70-90%, the quality percentage composition of metal or nonmetal oxide is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic bond is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic solvent is 1-10%, and the quality percentage composition of additive is 1-5%;
(2) preparation combination electrode material: the conduction lotion evenly is coated in conductive filament 1 surface, and drying curing forms, and the baking and curing temperature of conduction lotion is 50 ℃-200 ℃;
(3) at 100 ℃-500 ℃ cell piece 2 or combination electrode material 4 are heated, combination electrode material 4 is layed in cell piece 2 front surfaces equally spacedly, thereby form the combination electrode material ranks, during heating with combination electrode material 4 tensionings, carry out binder-treatment, cell piece 2 and combination electrode material 4 junctions through bonding processing form bonding interface 5, be layed in the combination electrode material two ends of cell piece front surface and both sides at a distance of cell piece front edge 0.5-1.5mm, the heating of combination electrode material 4 or cell piece 2 can be ultrasonic by heat, mode infrared or laser realizes, is preferably infrared heating;
(4) prepare the main grid line in the front of cell piece: cell piece 2 surface sprays the conductive paste system grid line 3 of deciding with the modes that spray, and main grid line quantity is the 1-10 root, and main grid line two ends are apart from battery edge 0.5-1.5mm;
(5) will put in drying oven and the sintering furnace through bonding processing and the cell piece that has prepared the main grid line, 200 ℃ of-500 ℃ of oven dry, carry out sintering at 500 ℃-900 ℃, form front electrode, cell piece and the combination electrode material junction of processing through bonding form bonded interface 6.
In the step (2), the diameter of conductive filament is 5 microns to 50 microns, and conductive filament is selected from the wires such as spun gold, filamentary silver, copper wire, aluminium wire, Si-Al wire, and conductive filament also can be with conductive fibers such as polymer fiber or carbon fibers.
In the step (2), after the conduction lotion baking and curing thickness be 3 microns to 20 microns.
In the step (2), the baking and curing temperature of middle conduction lotion is 50 ℃-200 ℃.
The combination electrode material that uses has viscosity when temperature reaches 100 ℃-500 ℃.
The conduction lotion is selected from the lotion that silver paste, copper cream, nickel cream etc. are made by metal powder.The granular size scope of the metal dust in the conduction lotion is 0.1-2 μ m, and form is sphere or torispherical; Metal or nonmetal oxide are that in the oxides such as lead, bismuth, calcium, magnesium, zinc, platinum, tantalum, rhodium, nickel, chromium, palladium, boron, phosphorus one or more mix; Organic bond is selected from ethyl cellulose, acrylic resin, NC Nitroncellulose, phenolic resins and their mixture; Organic solvent is selected from terpinol, carbitol, diethylene glycol ether and their mixture; Additive comprises surfactant, thixotropic agent, defoamer, dispersant, sintering inhibitor, oxidation retarder and expansion inhibitor.
Below by several embodiment said method is further specified.
The photovoltaic cell front electrode, carry out according to following steps:
(1) preparation conduction lotion: with metal dust, metal or nonmetal oxide, organic bond, organic solvent and additive mixing and stirring obtain conducting electricity lotion; In the conduction lotion that uses, metal dust is silver powder, presses the percentage by weight of conduction silver paste in the conduction silver paste, metal or nonmetal oxide account for 5%, and organic bond accounts for 5%, and organic solvent accounts for 5%, additive accounts for 1%, and all the other are silver powder, and the granular size scope of silver powder is 0.1-2 μ m;
(2) preparation combination electrode material: the conduction lotion evenly is coated in the copper wire surface of diameter 10-20 micron, and drying curing forms, and the baking and curing temperature of conduction lotion is 50 ℃-200 ℃, and the thickness after the conduction lotion baking and curing is 5 microns to 10 microns;
(3) at 100 ℃-500 ℃ cell piece or combination electrode material are heated, combination electrode material is laid equally spacedly and is bonded in the cell piece front surface, thereby form the combination electrode material ranks, during heating with the combination electrode material tensioning, finish binder-treatment, be layed in the combination electrode material two ends of cell piece front surface and both sides at a distance of cell piece front edge 0.5-1.5mm, the heating of combination electrode material can mode ultrasonic by heat, infrared or laser realize, is preferably infrared heating;
(4) prepare the main grid line in the front of cell piece: the cell piece surface sprays the conductive paste system grid line of deciding with the mode of spraying, and main grid line quantity is 3, and main grid line two ends are apart from battery edge 0.5-1.5mm;
(5) will put in drying oven and the sintering furnace through the cell piece of bonding processing, 200-500 ℃ of oven dry, carry out sintering at 500 ℃-900 ℃, form front electrode.
The combination electrode material that uses has viscosity when temperature reaches 100 ℃-500 ℃.
Metal or the nonmetal oxide of conduction in the lotion is that in the oxides such as lead, bismuth, calcium, magnesium, zinc, platinum, tantalum, rhodium, nickel, chromium, palladium, boron, phosphorus one or more mix; Organic bond is selected from ethyl cellulose; Organic solvent is selected from diethylene glycol ether; Additive comprises surfactant, thixotropic agent, defoamer, dispersant, sintering inhibitor, oxidation retarder and expansion inhibitor.
The photovoltaic cell front electrode, according to step with embodiment 1, different is among the embodiment 2 in the conduction silver paste by the percentage by weight of conduction silver paste, metal or nonmetal oxide account for 8%, and organic bond accounts for 5%, and organic solvent accounts for 5%, additive accounts for 2%, and all the other are silver powder; Main grid line quantity is 5;
Embodiment 3
The photovoltaic cell front electrode, according to step with embodiment 1, different is among the embodiment 3 in the conduction silver paste by the percentage by weight of conduction silver paste, metal or nonmetal oxide account for 10%, and organic bond accounts for 1%, and organic solvent accounts for 1%, additive accounts for 1%, and all the other are silver powder; Main grid line quantity is 7;
Embodiment 4
The photovoltaic cell front electrode, according to step with embodiment 1, different is metal dust that embodiment 4 conduction lotions use is the mixture of silver powder and nickel by powder, and by conducting electricity the percentage by weight of lotion, metal or nonmetal oxide account for 8% in the conduction lotion, organic bond accounts for 3%, organic solvent accounts for 3%, and additive accounts for 3%, and all the other are the mixture of silver powder and nickel by powder, the weight ratio of silver powder and nickel by powder is 7: 1, and the granular size scope of silver powder and nickel by powder is 0.1-2 μ m; And the conductive filament that uses is aluminium wire; The organic solvent that uses in the conduction lotion is carbitol.
Embodiment 5
The photovoltaic cell front electrode, according to step with embodiment 1, different is in the conduction lotion that uses among the embodiment 2, metal dust is copper powders may, and by the percentage by weight of conductive copper cream, metal or nonmetal oxide account for 8% in the conductive copper cream, organic bond accounts for 5%, organic solvent accounts for 5%, and additive accounts for 2%, and all the other are copper powders may.
Claims (9)
1. the preparation technology of a photovoltaic cell front electrode is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
(1) preparation conduction lotion: with metal dust, metal or nonmetal oxide, organic bond, organic solvent and additive mixing and stirring obtain conducting electricity lotion; In the described conduction lotion, the quality percentage composition of metal dust is 70-90%, the quality percentage composition of metal or nonmetal oxide is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic bond is 1-10%, the quality percentage composition of organic solvent is 1-10%, and the quality percentage composition of additive is 1-5%;
(2) preparation combination electrode material: the conduction lotion evenly is coated in the conductive wire surface, and drying curing forms;
(3) cell piece or combination electrode material are heated, the organic bond in the combination electrode material can partly or entirely be melted, recover its viscosity, combination electrode material is laid by layout and be bonded in the cell piece front surface, finish binder-treatment;
(4) prepare the main grid line in the front of cell piece: the cell piece surface sprays the conductive paste system grid line of deciding with the mode of spraying;
(5) cell piece is put in drying oven and the sintering furnace, 200 ℃ of-500 ℃ of oven dry, carried out sintering at 500 ℃-900 ℃, form front electrode.
2. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: be layed in the combination electrode material two ends of cell piece front surface and both sides at a distance of cell piece front edge 0.5-1.5mm.
3. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: main grid line two ends are apart from cell piece edge 0.5-1.5mm.
4. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: main grid line quantity is the 1-10 root.
5. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the heating of combination electrode material or cell piece can mode ultrasonic by heat, infrared or laser realize in the step (3), be preferably infrared heating, heating-up temperature is 80 ℃-500 ℃.
6. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the granular size scope of metal dust described in the step (1) is 0.1-2 μ m, and form is sphere or torispherical.
7. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the diameter of the conductive filament in the step (2) is 5 microns to 50 microns.
8. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the step (2) after the conduction lotion baking and curing thickness be 3 microns to 20 microns.
9. the preparation technology of a kind of photovoltaic cell front electrode according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the baking and curing temperature of conduction lotion is 50 ℃-200 ℃ in the step (2).
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| CN2013102916982A CN103367546A (en) | 2013-07-12 | 2013-07-12 | Preparation technology of photovoltaic battery front-face electrode |
| PCT/CN2013/001010 WO2015003292A1 (en) | 2013-07-08 | 2013-08-26 | Composite electrode material and process for preparing front electrode of photovoltaic cell |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103779431A (en) * | 2013-12-19 | 2014-05-07 | 湖南红太阳光电科技有限公司 | Method for preparing crystal silicon cell metal electrode |
| CN105101658A (en) * | 2015-09-09 | 2015-11-25 | 中南大学 | Hot ultrasonic low-temperature sintering method and device of nano silver conductive ink |
| CN106449831A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2017-02-22 | Lg电子株式会社 | Solar cell panel |
| CN114156349A (en) * | 2021-11-08 | 2022-03-08 | 苏州诺菲纳米科技有限公司 | Solar cell and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN115064610A (en) * | 2022-07-07 | 2022-09-16 | 隆基绿能科技股份有限公司 | Solar cell preparation method, solar cell and cell module |
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Application publication date: 20131023 |