CN103347706A - 制造包括耐磨层的板的方法及板 - Google Patents

制造包括耐磨层的板的方法及板 Download PDF

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CN103347706A
CN103347706A CN2011800650979A CN201180065097A CN103347706A CN 103347706 A CN103347706 A CN 103347706A CN 2011800650979 A CN2011800650979 A CN 2011800650979A CN 201180065097 A CN201180065097 A CN 201180065097A CN 103347706 A CN103347706 A CN 103347706A
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布鲁诺·保罗·刘易斯·韦尔默朗
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44CPRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C5/00Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
    • B44C5/04Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
    • B44C5/0469Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper
    • B44C5/0476Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers comprising a decorative sheet and a core formed by one or more resin impregnated sheets of paper with abrasion resistant properties
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
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    • B05D7/00Processes, other than flocking, specially adapted for applying liquids or other fluent materials to particular surfaces or for applying particular liquids or other fluent materials
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32BLAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
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    • B32B37/00Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/24Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
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Abstract

一种制造包括耐磨层(7,8)的板的方法,包括以下步骤:准备基本刚性的基板(1),准备耐磨颗粒(8),准备离聚物(7),将耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)施加到基板(1)上,将基板(1)、耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)一起按压和/或熔化。所得的板具有用于将该板锁定至相邻板的锁定装置。

Description

制造包括耐磨层的板的方法及板
本发明涉及一种制造包括耐磨层的板的方法。
在本领域有已知的这种方法。通常,在层压地板领域对抗磨损性的需求非常高。在已知的方法中,将浸透热固性树脂的纤维素装饰片放置在木质基板上,并将浸透热固性树脂的纤维素覆盖片放置在该装饰片上。树脂通常由三聚氰胺甲醛组成。在高温和高压下按压基板、装饰片及覆盖片的叠层,以使得当这些片彼此结合并结合至基板时树脂固化。因而,得到了具有装饰表层的刚性防潮产品。覆盖片通常具有硬颗粒,例如氧化铝颗粒、刚玉颗粒,碳化硅颗粒,氧化锆颗粒,石英颗粒,玻璃颗粒等,其进一步提高了所得板的抗磨损性。
本发明的目的是提供一种简化的制造方法。
为了实现这个目的,该方法包括以下步骤:准备基本刚性的基板;准备耐磨颗粒;准备离聚物;将耐磨颗粒和离聚物施加到基板上;将基板、耐磨颗粒和离聚物按压和/或熔化在一起。
根据本发明的方法是相对简单的,因为如在常规层压板的情况下所需要的将纤维素片材浸透树脂的中间步骤可以被省略。离聚物为聚合物,包括电中性重复单元和小部分电离单元两者的重复单元。离聚物可提供于载体材料中。离聚物层提供弹性表面且可以是透明的。离聚物也倾向于很好地粘附至油墨和其他涂层,诸如基板上的漆或UV油墨。此外,所得板看来似乎提供了改善的抗划伤、抗冲击及耐磨性质,且赋予了舒适感和有利的声学特性。耐磨颗粒可由刚玉或替代性材料制成。与制造包括浸透树脂的纤维素片材的传统层压板相比,在根据本发明的方法中,用于形成板的温度和/或压力水平被降低。在将材料熔融连接于彼此的情况下,部分或全部熔化的材料可以是离聚物。
基板可以是木质的,诸如MDF、HDF之类的,但也可以是类似木塑复合材料(WPC)的聚合物复合材料。基板的厚度将为3-20mm,然而在实践中,所得包括耐磨颗粒的离聚物耐磨层可以有200-1000μm厚。在实践中,如根据NEN-EN3 10测量,基板的弹性模量(E-module)可高于1000N/mm2,且优选高于4000N/mm2
在一优选实施例中,耐磨颗粒和离聚物中的至少一个以粉末形式运用。可以通过简单的方式将该粉末分散在基板的顶部上。分散层的厚度易于控制,这提供了灵活改变层厚度的机会。还可以前后布置两个或两个以上分散设备。可借助于深冷处理工艺和之后将材料粉碎的方式来使离聚物变成粉末。
在一具体实施例中,耐磨颗粒和离聚物两者都以粉末形式准备,并在混合之后将混合物施加到基板上。
在将耐磨颗粒和离聚物施加到基板上之前,可在基板上印刷装饰图案。可通过非接触印刷或接触印刷来印刷该图案。更具体地,非接触印刷可以是数字印刷,而接触印刷可以是直接印刷。在一替代性实施例中,将一装饰片放置在基板上,然后将耐磨颗粒和离聚物施加到装饰片上。
或者,离聚物作为包含耐磨颗粒的薄膜来准备,在按压步骤之前将该薄膜放置到基板上。可通过挤压来制造该薄膜。在此种情况下,可通过提供一离聚物薄膜、配备耐磨颗粒及将该耐磨颗粒分散到薄膜上来准备离聚物。可将至少一附加层共挤压至离聚物薄膜。该附加层例如为防水层,优选聚乙烯层。例如,该层可具有10μm的厚度。附加层可为所得板提供额外的所需的物理性能。
在按压步骤之前和/或期间,至少离聚物被加热。也可以在按压步骤之前和/或期间,加热整个中间产品。
在一具体实施例中,在高于离聚物熔化温度的条件下加热离聚物。
在该制造方法中,可在离聚物层与基板之间和/或离聚物层的顶上施加附加层,例如聚氨脂层或其他涂层。
应注意到,也可以在木质基板和不施加耐磨颗粒的情况下执行该方法,使得该方法包括以下步骤:准备一木质基板;准备离聚物;将离聚物施加到基板上;将基板和离聚物按压在一起。在这种情况下,离聚物也可以粉末方式来运用。
本发明还涉及一种板,其根据以上描述的方法来制造,该板具有锁定装置,用于将板锁定至相邻板。
下文将参照非常示意性的图来解释本发明,这些图以举例方式展示了本发明的实施例。
图1-6是根据本发明的方法的实施例的说明性视图。
图1图示了根据本发明制造板的方法。该板适用于地板上,因此设置有耐磨层8。然而,根据本发明的板和方法还可以用于替代性领域中,诸如墙板、天花板、家具等。参照图1,由传送带2从右侧提供基板1。基板1是刚性的,由诸如MDF、EDF之类的木质材料制成,但是替代性材料,像聚合物复合材料,也是可以想到的。基板1的下侧设置有平衡层3。在如图1所示的实施例中,数字印刷机4在基板1上印刷装饰图案5。
具有装饰图案5的基板1被传送至分散单元6。分散单元6将离聚物7和耐磨颗粒8的粉末状混合物喷涂或分散到具有装饰图案5的基板1上。
在下一步骤中,在压机9中将平衡层3、具有装饰图案5的基板1及离聚物7层和耐磨颗粒8的叠层按压在一起。在此实施例中,该叠层被不连续地按压,但是连续地执行图示的方法也是可以想到的。例如,也可在压机9中加热叠层,以使得各材料由于离聚物部分地或完全地熔化而熔接于彼此。压机9可适应于使得在板的上侧面提供表面纹理,例如木脉或石头的图案。
离聚物7可选自已有的杜邦公司(Dupont)的沙林
Figure BPA00001751875600031
或埃克森美孚(Exxon Mobil)的lotek的群组,耐磨颗粒可以是刚玉颗粒,但是替代性材料是可想得到的。
图2图示了与图1类似的实施例,但是在这种情况下,装饰图案5直接地印刷在基板1上。
在如图3所示的方法的实施例中,装饰片10放置在基板1上。装饰片10可具有装饰图案,且可由聚合物、纸片材或浸透树脂的纸片材制成。在后者情况下,纸片材可在用于导向基板的一侧进行浸透。这减少了装饰片与装饰片另一侧的离聚物7及耐磨颗粒8层之间的粘接的任何不利影响。如图3所示,装饰片10由装饰片辊11提供。在下一步骤中,以与图1和图2中所示类似的方式施加离聚物7和耐磨颗粒8。
或者,离聚物7作为薄膜由离聚物薄膜辊12提供,参见图4。该薄膜包含耐磨颗粒8。如图4所示,包含耐磨颗粒8的离聚物薄膜7放置在基板1和装饰片10的叠层上,然后传送给压机9。在图4所图示的方法中,如果所得板打算用在不太恶劣的条件下,可在无耐磨颗粒的情况下提供离聚物薄膜7。
在又一实施例中,可通过挤压来提供离聚物薄膜7。在这种情况下,离聚物薄膜辊12由离聚物挤压设备替代。在挤压工艺期间,可将耐磨颗粒8添加至离聚物7。也可能的是,通过共挤压将附加层13添加至离聚物薄膜7,如图5中所示。例如,附加层可以是粘合层。也可以通过挤压涂敷来提供离聚物薄膜7,例如在纸片材或聚合物薄膜等上挤压。或者,为了产生多个层,例如包括粘附层、聚乙烯阻挡层等,吹塑挤压工艺是可想得到的。
在图6中显示了另一个替代性实施例。在这种情况下,在按压步骤之前,加热离聚物7的上侧面,以便将耐磨颗粒8熔接至离聚物7。在这种情况下,使用了UV加热器14,但是替代性加热装置是可想得到的。图6还展示了用于将层3、5、7、8及基板1按压在一起的压延机或压辊15,随后是用于产生表面纹理的压纹辊16。在实践中,通常期望表面纹理图案相应于装饰图案5,装饰图案例如类似于木材图案,而纹理包括下凹的孔或脉络。
在按压步骤之后,所得产品可切割成单个板,例如矩形板。在下一步骤中,板的边缘可设置锁定装置,以与相邻板相互锁定形成例如地板。锁定装置可包括舌部和相应的凹槽,但是替代性锁定装置是可想得到的。
本发明并不局限于如上所述和如附图所示的实施例,在未脱离本发明的范围的情况下,其可以多种方式变化。例如,可在离聚物层与基板之间和/或离聚物层的顶部上涂敷附加层,例如可能通过挤压形成的聚氨脂层或其他涂层。这些附加层可进一步改善所得板的抗划伤性。可在按压步骤之后在离聚物层的顶部涂敷附加层。为了改善层、附加连接层的任意层之间的粘附性,可执行底漆或诸如热解、电晕放电处理等的表面处理。

Claims (13)

1.一种制造包括耐磨层(7,8)的板的方法,包括以下步骤:
准备基本刚性的基板(1);
准备耐磨颗粒(8);
准备离聚物(7);
将所述耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)施加到所述基板(1)上;
将所述基板(1),耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)一起按压和/或熔化。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)中的至少一个以粉末的形式使用。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法,其中,耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)两者都以粉末形式准备,且两者被混合后将混合物(7,8)涂敷到基板(1)上。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,在将耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)施加到基板(1)上之前,在基板(1)上印刷装饰图案(5)。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中,经由非接触印刷或接触印刷来印刷图案(5)。
6.根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述的方法,其中,将一装饰片(10)放置到基板(1)上,然后将耐磨颗粒(8)和离聚物(7)施加到该装饰片(10)上。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,离聚物(7)以包含耐磨颗粒(8)的薄膜形式提供,在按压步骤之前将薄膜(7)放置到基板(1)上。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中,通过挤压来制造薄膜(7)。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的方法,其中,至少一附加层(13)被共挤压至离聚物薄膜(7)。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其中,附加层(13)为防水层,优选聚乙烯层。
11.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法,其中,在按压步骤之前和/或期间,至少离聚物(7)被加热。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法,其中,在按压步骤之前,将离聚物在高于其熔化温度的温度下加热。
13.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的方法制造的板,其具有用于将该板锁定至一相邻板的锁定装置。
CN2011800650979A 2010-12-08 2011-12-07 制造包括耐磨层的板的方法及板 Pending CN103347706A (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10194185.4A EP2463116B1 (en) 2010-12-08 2010-12-08 A method of manufacturing a panel including a wear resistant layer
EP10194185.4 2010-12-08
PCT/EP2011/072104 WO2012076608A1 (en) 2010-12-08 2011-12-07 A method of manufacturing a panel including a wear resistant layer, and a panel

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WO2012076608A1 (en) 2012-06-14
US20140290171A1 (en) 2014-10-02
EP2463116A1 (en) 2012-06-13
RU2013128449A (ru) 2015-01-20
BR112013014308A2 (pt) 2016-09-20
RU2583456C2 (ru) 2016-05-10
EP2463116B1 (en) 2013-11-13
DK2463116T3 (da) 2014-02-10
PL2463116T3 (pl) 2014-04-30
CA2820792A1 (en) 2012-06-14

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