CN103342590A

CN103342590A - Method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by kitchen garbage

Info

Publication number: CN103342590A
Application number: CN2013103190501A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 曾凡强; 刘付东; 姚秋莉; 梁燕霞
Original assignee: ZHONGSHAN BASIDE AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
Current assignee: Guangdong Pasteur Environmental Technology Co., Ltd.
Priority date: 2013-07-27
Filing date: 2013-07-27
Publication date: 2013-10-09
Anticipated expiration: 2033-07-27
Also published as: CN103342590B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for preparing biological organic fertilizer by kitchen garage. The method comprises the following steps of: roughing the kitchen garbage, and centrifuging and dehydrating the kitchen garbage; mixing weathered coal, the kitchen garbage, mushroom residue substances, and zymophytes which are mainly thermophilic salt-resistant fat-splitting bacteria, and adjusting the moistures; feeding the mixture into a roller type fermentation machine for fermenting for 2-3 days at a high temperature, and transferring to a fermentation slot for fermenting; and performing processes including crushing, screening, ageing, detecting, functional bacteria adding, stirring, packaging and the like on the materials which are discharged out of the fermentation slot, thus preparing into finished product fertilizer. The screened materials are used as returned materials for replacing the materials such as the mushroom residues, so that the novel kitchen garbage treatment is continuously carried out. The dehydrated water is respectively treated after oil-water separation. The substances, which are bad for preparing the fertilizer and generated by roughing, crushing and screening, are transported to a garbage disposal plant for being processed.

Description

A kind of rubbish from cooking is made the method for biological organic fertilizer

Technical field

This patent belongs to environmental protection field and the agricultural fertilizer of solid waste disposal aspect and makes the field, is the combination of environmental protection and agricultural.

Background technology

Rubbish from cooking belongs to the refuse of keeping under strict control, its processing seems difficult because problems such as salinity height, easily smelly, epidemic prevention, waste water are difficult for solving, the processing of rubbish from cooking at present generally all is to take to make feed (immunization issues causes being not suitable as feedstuff raw material, but still have part stealthily to make), operation such as landfill, all has relative defective, so, can effectively solve rubbish from cooking, will be a marvelous thing.

In fact; using the rubbish from cooking composting is a kind of best treatment process; very environmental protection; but it is too high that topmost problem is salinity; there is the plan of taking desalting agent in a lot of enterprises or has implemented; this has not only increased cost, and simultaneously because of operational difficulty and loaded down with trivial details, also failing to see practical application effect has much.And the centrifuge dehydration that this patent is taked, can take away a part of liquid salt, the interpolation weathered coal mode that adopts is simultaneously fermented, salinity is turned waste into wealth, synthesized useful and the Sodium salts humic acids of stimulating growth effect arranged to crop, and allow the humic acids with higher cation exchange capacity that adds have the function of alleviating salt damage, and employed fermented bacterium includes bacillus natto, and this bacterium also has the function of alleviating salt damage, stimulating growth and raising crop quality to a certain extent.Various processing modes integrate, and make its effect stack, reach the handy result of fertilizer on the big degree.To be on the safe side, especially a little fertilizers will be become biological organic fertilizer by adding function yeast, and make its crop effect remarkable more relatively.

Rubbish from cooking belongs to the higher material of grease, and contain too much protein, Mierocrystalline cellulose etc. and easily smelly, using thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium and bacillus natto to carry out the quick high-temp mode early stage ferments for best, later stage then should be paid attention to the generation of soil ulmin, alleviates salt damage thereby reach the increase cation exchange capacity.

Summary of the invention

The present invention has mainly solved the salt damage problem of rubbish from cooking composting, also relates to carrying out comprehensive treating process to the kitchen is surplus, has effectively contained stench, waste water, problems such as epidemic prevention.

For addressing these problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is:

Rubbish from cooking is roughly selected, carry out centrifuge dehydration then.Be 40 ~ 100 orders with fineness, humic acids content is greater than 50% weathered coal, rubbish from cooking, (the present invention is with mushroom residue with mushroom residue class material, the wood chaff, Mierocrystalline celluloses such as the draft dregs of a decoction or the high material of xylogen are referred to as mushroom residue class material), with based on thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium, ratio is the fermented bacterium of 2 ~ 5:1, (moisture content is 50 ~ 70% by stirring the needed technical indicator in back for this four classes material, bacterium quantity is not less than 1,000,000/gram) and weathered coal, the scope of mushroom residue class material usage quantity is mixed in the large-sized concrete stirrer and is regulated moisture.

Mixture enters thermophilic fermentation in the drum-type fermentation machine.Enter the fermenter fermentation after material comes out in the drum-type fermentation machine.The material that fermenter is come out carries out operations such as fragmentation, screening, ageing, detection, adding function yeast, stirring, packing and makes finished product fertilizers.Utilize the material after sieving to substitute the raw materials such as mushroom residue that add before as returning charge, proceed new rubbish from cooking and handle.

The water that rubbish from cooking takes off enters oil trap, through after the oily water separation, grease is done recycling treatment or sprays into just by sprinker it that material in thermophilic fermentation carries out digestion process in addition, waste water carries out aerobic treatment by biological contact oxidation pond, back up to standard discharging, the slag of settling tank is fermentative processing again.For roughly selecting the material that is unfavorable for composting that produces with crushing and screening, transport the disposal site to and handle.

Handle rubbish from cooking by the present invention, both solved the salt damage problem of fertilizer, make fertilizer under the multiple influence of humic acids, bacillus natto, function yeast etc., have good fertilizer operability again, its comprehensive treating process process has effectively been contained problems such as stench, waste water, epidemic prevention especially, has good social benefit. ?

Description of drawings

The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.

Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet that a kind of rubbish from cooking is made the biological organic fertilizer method.

Embodiment

Produce for the first time, need prepare mushroom residue class material in advance, these raw materials must be dried to moisture in 30% through any method (modes such as fermentation, oven dry, airing), and are stand-by.

Roughly select the kitchen is surplus, select the material that plastics, glass, ceramics, iron block, table linen etc. are not suitable for composting.

Prepare 40 ~ 100 orders, humic acids content greater than 50%, moisture is lower than 35% weathered coal.

In butt, add 20% weathered coal in the kitchen is surplus, mix with the material of itself and 20% mushroom residue (in 20% moisture) with based on the fermented bacterium of thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium simultaneously, mushroom residue class material mainly is for adjusting overall water content and porosity etc., and based on the fermented bacterium of thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium, it is except including thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium, also include bacterium and count the bacillus natto of equivalent, two class bacterial classification ratios are 5:1, after total live body bacterium number added compound to, total quantity was not less than the concentration of 1,000,000/gram.

The material for preparing enters stirring and evenly mixing in the large-sized concrete stirrer by conveying belt.This step is to utilize the rotten water-fast humate of weathering own by the biochemical activity of fermenting process, sodium ion in the rubbish from cooking is combined with the humic acids that decomposes after activating effectively, make the water-soluble Sodium salts humic acids of its a large amount of generations, this Sodium salts humic acids has the effect that stimulates plant growth.Simultaneously, the humic acids of activation has higher cation exchange capacity, can alleviate the effect of salt damage, and has abraum salt recycling characteristic, and the method for handling with desalting agent with tradition is different.Use this weathered coal, also can replenish trace element in the needed calcium of crop, the magnesium etc.

Material after mixing carries out thermophilic fermentation in carrying out in the conveying belt input drum-type fermentation machine, the starting fermentation temperature is set more than 37 ℃, and by rotating and oxygen supply, the top temperature of fermenting process must reach 70 ~ 90 ℃.High temperature is after 3 days in drum-type fermentation machine, and material enters in the trough type fermentation groove and proceeds thermophilic fermentation, and early stage, temperature must reach 55 ~ 65 ℃.

Liquid after the centrifuge dehydration enters the oil trap oil removal, grease reclaim or with grease and the fermentation of the mixing of materials in thermophilic fermentation are just decomposed.

The liquid that oil trap is remaining, because the possibility saltiness is higher few with the water yield, only it is carried out biological contact oxidation process carries out sewage disposal and discharging.The recycling precipitate of biological contact oxidation pond enters fermentative processing to fermentation system.

The material of trough type fermentation groove will be lower than 50% condition and keeps the skin wet in good time according to moisture, carries out oxygen supply at least 3 times every day, and ventilation is 80 ~ 180 cubes of air/sky cube materials, or replaces with 1 ~ 3 turning in a day.In 7 days before preparing out groove, no longer carry out moisturizing, make its drying, turning and oxygen supply treat that moisture is low to moderate 40% when following, carries out next step fragmentation and screening as before.

Owing to can produce corrupt or other stenches of grease when in drum-type fermentation machine, fermenting, also need supporting cover cyclone system and a biological deodorizing system, this system has stoped the influence of stench to surrounding enviroment effectively.

In continuous flow procedure, the broken material with screening in back is by fermentation got a part and is added fresh kitchen to and go in surplus, replaces materials such as mushroom residue, addition calculates according to the initial moisture of fermentation 50 ~ 70% equally and adds, and this material needs in advance and thermophilic fermentation bacterium mixed diluting.

Material after the screening is carried out ageing.

Material after the ageing is detected, adds operations such as function yeast, stirring, packing.

Foreign material to sieve plastics, glass, iron block, table linen and the broken back elected are sent to the disposal site.

Claims

1. a rubbish from cooking is made the biological organic fertilizer method, and its feature may further comprise the steps:

(1). rubbish from cooking is roughly selected;

(2). carry out centrifuge dehydration to the kitchen after roughly selecting is surplus;

(3). with weathered coal, rubbish from cooking and mushroom slag class material and based on this four classes material of fermented bacterium of thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium in proportion or purpose in the large-sized concrete stirrer, mix and regulate moisture;

(4). mixture enters thermophilic fermentation in the drum-type fermentation machine;

(5). enter the fermenter fermentation after material comes out in the drum-type fermentation machine;

(6). the material that fermenter is come out carries out operations such as fragmentation, screening, ageing, detection, adding function yeast, stirring, packing and makes finished product fertilizers;

(7). utilize the material after sieving to substitute the raw materials such as mushroom residue that add before as returning charge, proceed new rubbish from cooking and handle;

(8). the water that rubbish from cooking takes off enters oil trap, through after the oily water separation, grease is done recycling treatment or sprays into just by sprinker it that material in thermophilic fermentation carries out digestion process in addition, waste water carries out aerobic treatment by biological contact oxidation pond, back up to standard discharging, the slag of settling tank is fermentative processing again;

(9). for roughly selecting the material that is unfavorable for composting that produces with crushing and screening, transport the disposal site to and handle.

2. according to the described making biological organic fertilizer of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: added weathered coal and mushroom residue class material, replaced traditional desalting agent of using, the weathered coal fineness is 40 ~ 100 orders, and humic acids content is greater than 50%.

3. according to the described making biological organic fertilizer of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: weathered coal is to add by 5 ~ 20% of butt, the usage quantity of mushroom residue class material serves as final definite in 50 ~ 70% these scopes to adjust overall water content between 10% ~ 20%.

4. according to the described making biological organic fertilizer of claim 1 method, it is characterized in that: based on the fermented bacterium of thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium, it is except including thermophilic salt tolerant steatolysis bacterium, also include bacterium and count the bacillus natto of equivalent, two class bacterial classification ratios are 2 ~ 5:1, after total live body bacterium number added compound to, total quantity was not less than the concentration of 1,000,000/gram.

5. according to claim 1 described mushroom residue class material and returning charge, it is characterized in that: mushroom residue class material only uses once, when producing continuously, replace with the siccative after the screening, determining can adjust moisture in 50 ~ 70% these scopes of usage quantity, the use of siccative still will continue to add corresponding fermented bacterium to reach the requirement of claim 4.