CN102489496A - Method for carrying out anaerobic digestion on kitchen waste after heat-moisture treatment - Google Patents
Method for carrying out anaerobic digestion on kitchen waste after heat-moisture treatment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for carrying out anaerobic digestion on kitchen waste after heat-moisture treatment, belonging to the technical fields of harmless resource treatment and disposal of solid waste. The method comprises the following steps of: pre-treatment, high-temperature heat-moisture treatment, de-oiling, anaerobic digestion, biogas residue dehydration treatment of the kitchen waste, and the like. The method disclosed by the invention has the following advantages that: (1) the kitchen waste ia sterilized before the anaerobic digestion; (2) the kitchen waste can be effectively de-oiled and the occurrence of oil acidification is prevented so that the follow-up anaerobic digestion process is more stable and the oil recovery is improved; and (3) salt content in the kitchen can be effectively desalinated so that the salt content in the biogas residue is decreased and the treated kitchen waste can be used as a good soil conditioner.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for carrying out anaerobic digestion again after a kind of changing food waste humid heat treatment, belong to that solid waste is innoxious, recycling treatment, disposal technology field.
Background technology
Be accompanied by expanding economy and quickening of urbanization process, the discharge capacity of domestic waste is more and more big, and wherein the ratio of changing food waste day by day rises, and has accounted for 37%～62% of domestic waste.Conservative estimation, the contracts amount of China's city changing food waste are not less than 6,000 ten thousand tons.
Changing food waste derives from people's food, has therefore determined changing food waste to compare with general domestic garbage and commercial production rubbish and has had than big-difference, the characteristic of himself is arranged:
(1) chemical composition is complicated, mainly comprises water, inorganic salts, organic acid and various macromolecular organic compound.
(2) be rich in organic matter, the easy growth and breeding of microorganism makes changing food waste putrid and deteriorated, contaminated environment.
(3) moisture content bring certain difficulty for collection, transportation and the processing of changing food waste, and the changing food waste percolate is through rainwash and osmosis, polluted surface water and underground water up to more than 80%.
(4) changing food waste is rich in organic matter, is mainly derived from people's personal consumption, and poisonous and hazardous chemical substance (like heavy metal ion etc.) content is few.Compare with other kind rubbish, its processing method is simple relatively, and value capable of using is bigger.
The above characteristics determined of changing food waste its harmfulness and resource and the double attribute of depositing.Adopt correct technology and equipment that changing food waste is carried out reasonable, appropriate processing, both can thoroughly solve problem of environmental pollution, can it be turned waste into wealth as resource recycling again, have economy, society, environment three win benefits.
At present, both at home and abroad the changing food waste treatment technology mainly comprises: pulverizes in line, anaerobic fermentation system natural pond power generating method, process for preparing fertilizer, high protein feed conversion method ferment.These technology all have application abroad, and have obtained certain effect.
Relative other processing mode, the innoxious degree of anaerobic digestion mode is higher, has overcome the influence of homology fully, and has high organic loading ability to take the burden, and its advantage is mainly reflected in the following aspects:
(1) biogas that produces after the anaerobic digestion is clean energy resource.
(2) can obtain high-quality organic fertilizer or soil conditioner after solid matter is digested.
(3), realized organic substance the minimizing of rubbish in being transformed into the process of methane.
(4) biogas of anaerobic digestion generation can utilize and generate electricity, and has reduced the discharge capacity of greenhouse gases.
(5) the changing food waste moisture content is high, adopts Anaerobic Digestion hardly with regulating its moisture content, has saved new water consumption.
The problem that exists in the changing food waste Anaerobic Digestion technology at present is mainly reflected in two aspects.The one, the changing food waste fat content is high, causes the rapid acidifying of material, influences anaerobic digestion performance; The 2nd, the higher salt content of changing food waste makes the digestive juice that obtains after the anaerobic digestion can not be used for soil and fertilizer because salinity is too high, has reduced effective utilization rate of resource.
If before the changing food waste anaerobic digestion process, increase high temperature humid heat treatment technology, the effective elimination grease is avoided the too high acidifying that causes of grease, can also effectively deviate from salinity, can improve the performance and the effective utilization rate of resource of anaerobic digestion greatly.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides the method for carrying out anaerobic digestion again after a kind of changing food waste humid heat treatment; Through technologies such as preliminary treatment, high temperature humid heat treatment, de-oiling processing and wet type anaerobic digestions; Reclaim the grease in the changing food waste to greatest extent; Improve anaerobic digestion performance greatly, realized the innoxious and resource of changing food waste.
Carry out the method for anaerobic digestion after a kind of changing food waste humid heat treatment again, it comprises the steps such as preliminary treatment, high temperature humid heat treatment, de-oiling, anaerobic digestion and natural pond slag processed of changing food waste, comprises the steps:
(1) pre-treatment step is transported to the garbage disposal point with changing food waste with airtight dustbin, sends into pretreatment system behind the weighing and comprises broken process, sorting and sedimentation separation slurrying step;
(2) high temperature humid heat treatment step pumps into pretreated changing food waste in the damp and hot agitated reactor, carries out the damp and hot boiling of high temperature;
(3) de-oiling treatment step is handled the material after the high temperature humid heat treatment through de-oiling; Separate the grease the obtain oily raw material that acts as a fuel, material gets into the Anaerobic Digestion step;
(4) anaerobic digestion step is through warm and humid formula anaerobic digestion in carrying out in mass transport to the anaerobic digestion reaction vessel after the de-oiling processing; The biogas that produces is sent to the biogas treatment system, and the digestive juice of generation is sent to natural pond slag processed system;
(5) natural pond slag dehydration process steps, the digestive juice of anaerobic digestion generating step is through forming natural pond liquid and natural pond slag after the Separation of Solid and Liquid; Natural pond liquid can be used as liquid fertilizer, and the natural pond slag can be used as soil conditioner.
Advantage of the present invention is: before (1) anaerobic digestion material is sterilized; (2) can effectively deviate from the grease in the changing food waste, prevent the generation of material acidifying phenomenon, ensure follow-up anaerobic digestion stability, improve the grease rate of recovery; (3) can effectively deviate from the salinity in the changing food waste, make that the salt content in the slag of natural pond descends, can be used as the high-quality soil conditioning agent.
Description of drawings
The method flow diagram of Fig. 1 for carrying out anaerobic digestion after the changing food waste humid heat treatment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
When combining accompanying drawing to consider; Through with reference to following detailed, can more completely understand the present invention better and learn wherein many attendant advantages easily, but accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention; Constitute a part of the present invention; Illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used to explain the present invention, do not constitute to improper qualification of the present invention, wherein:
Embodiment 1:
With reference to accompanying drawing, it is following to carry out the anaerobic digestion process detailed steps after the changing food waste humid heat treatment of the present invention:
1, pre-treatment step is transported to the garbage disposal point with changing food waste with the airtight dustbin of specialty, sends into pretreatment system behind the weighing and comprises broken process, sorting and sedimentation separation slurrying step.Broken process material is crushed to satisfy subsequent technique below the 50mm in, can also remove the bigger impurity of proportion such as metal, stone, glass.In the sorting operation, remove the lighter impurity of proportion such as polybag through screening, avoid follow-up stirring to twine.The sedimentation separation pulping process contains mixer and breakage pump, and the slurrying of material is accomplished in circulation, makes material particular diameter reach below the 10mm.
2, high temperature humid heat treatment step pumps into pretreated changing food waste in the damp and hot agitated reactor, carries out the 105-135 ℃ of damp and hot boiling of high temperature.
3, de-oiling treatment step is handled the material after the high temperature humid heat treatment through de-oiling; Separate the grease the obtain oily raw material that acts as a fuel, material gets into the Anaerobic Digestion step.
4, anaerobic digestion step is through warm and humid formula anaerobic digestion in carrying out in mass transport to the anaerobic digestion reaction vessel after the de-oiling processing; The biogas that produces is sent to the biogas treatment system, and the digestive juice of generation is sent to natural pond slag processed system.
5, natural pond slag dehydration process steps, anaerobic digestion produce the digestive juice of step through forming natural pond liquid and natural pond slag after the Separation of Solid and Liquid; Natural pond liquid can be used as liquid fertilizer, and the natural pond slag can be used as soil conditioner.
The drainage step is arranged in the said pre-treatment step, be convenient to fragmentation, moisture is collected the back and is got into pulping process, improves and separates effects on slurry making, gets into anaerobic digester system at last.
Said high temperature humid heat treatment step is in the material that pre-treatment step obtains, to feed 150 ℃ of saturated vapors, and heating is pressurized to 0.3-0.4MPa.Simultaneously, agitator stirs, and keeps damp and hot boiling 30-60min under the 105-135 ℃ of state in the still.
Said high temperature humid heat treatment step has transmission, Steam Heating, humid heat treatment and cooling step; Damp and hot agitated reactor is vertical; Vapours directly contacts material in the processing procedure; Make material in jar, keep humidity to be: 85%-87%, at the tank body middle part hygrometer is housed, grasp jar humidity situation of interior material at any time; The numerical value of control temperature, pressure is 105-135 ℃, 0.3-0.4MPa.
Said anaerobic digestion step is that the material that the de-oiling treatment step obtains is sent into the anaerobic digestion groove, and through the temperature (30-40 ℃) of heat exchanger assurance mesophilic digestion, material time of staying in digestive shelf is 20-30 days, under the condition that adapts to, carries out fermentation methane production.
Embodiment 2: the method for carrying out anaerobic digestion after a kind of kitchen rubbish high temperature humid heat treatment comprises the steps to carry out:
1, discharging:
Changing food waste is transported between plant area's dummy car, and the changing food waste of collecting is dumped into material trough and carries out airtight holding, and the bottom is provided with conveying worm, in the course of conveying in the changing food waste contained humidity filter a part through the extruding of helical feed, be collected in the sump.
Mass transport is carried out preliminary artificial screening on the belt conveying equipment on belt conveyor, the metal that proportion is bigger in the material of removal meal kitchen, stone, glass etc. then are transported to double-shaft crusher and carry out fragmentation.
2, preliminary treatment:
Comprise broken process, sorting and sedimentation separation slurrying step.For guaranteeing not form the foul smell uncontrollable discharge and sewage is spilt, whole preprocessing process is accomplished under closed state, and system's band automatic cleaning function, and foul smell focuses on.
Adopt double-shaft crusher broken to material in the broken process, this disintegrating machine has two functions: (1) broken kitchen castoff is to satisfying the subsequent technique needs below the 50mm; (2) separate than great and can not broken impurity: through self control system, run into can not be broken greatly than heavy substance the time, broken main shaft is auto-reverse, separates through dedicated channel and removes.
Kitchen castoff is transported to crusberscreen by device for transporting objects after through double-shaft crusher to carry out the less impurity such as polybag of proportion and separates.The slurries that get in the separator are got rid of to the separator inwall, and descending along the separator inwall gets into the sedimentation separation slurrying step of rear end, and the impurity that proportion is little passes through discharge opening discharging, the collection of side, delivers to the destructor plant landfill.
The sedimentation separation pulping process contains mixer and breakage pump, and the slurrying of material is accomplished in circulation, makes material particular diameter reach below the 10mm.
3, high temperature humid heat treatment:
Damp and hot agitated reactor is made up of several parts such as transmission system, external jacket, inner barrel, Steam Heating, humid heat treatment, cooling systems.Damp and hot agitated reactor is vertical, and vapours directly contacts material in the high temperature humid heat treatment process, makes material in jar, keep desirable humidity, at the tank body middle part hygrometer is housed, and can grasp the humidity situation of jar interior fermentation materials at any time.Agitated reactor is provided with the temperature and pressure detection system, can online observation temperature, pressure changes.
Pretreated material gets into from waste material porch, damp and hot agitated reactor top through peristaltic pump, after charging finishes, closes inlet valve, opens steam valve, and 150 ℃ of saturated vapors feed damp and hot agitated reactor.The heating supercharging simultaneously, agitator stirs, and keeps under 120 ℃ of states damp and hot reaction in the still 1 hour.After the water vapour input finished, inlet valve cut out, and got into the exhaust pressure relief stage afterwards, and the steam pressure release valve on agitated reactor top is opened, and recovered in the still to carry out discharging behind the normal pressure.
4, de-oiling is handled:
System feeding gets into oily water separating equipment and removes 90% oil content after process fragmentation, sorting and deposition slurrying, and leftover materials get into regulating tank.The waste oil of the collecting oily raw material that acts as a fuel.
5, anaerobic digestion:
The anaerobic digestion reaction vessel inner surface carries out corrosion-proof coating, and antiseptic property is strong.Reactor has advanced stirring system, and material through efficient stirring, is realized the mixing fully of material from the reactor bottom charging.The reactor tank outside has the thermal insulating layer heat insulation.Heating for feed liquid in compensation heat loss and the reactor is equipped with heat exchanger in the reactor outside, in order to keep treatment temperature about 35 ℃.Zymotic fluid is evacuated in the digestive juice accumulator tank by pump through being arranged on the outlet of reactor side, carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid.
Whole fermentation process is carried out online detection and monitoring through automatic control system to parameters such as the charging of fermentation tank, discharging, pH value, temperature.
6, natural pond slag processed, the digestive juice that anaerobic digestion produces is through forming natural pond liquid and natural pond slag after the Separation of Solid and Liquid; Natural pond liquid can be used as liquid fertilizer, and the natural pond slag can be used as soil conditioner.
Obviously, many modifications and the variation made based on aim of the present invention of those skilled in the art belongs to protection scope of the present invention.
As stated, embodiments of the invention have been carried out explanation at length, but as long as not breaking away from inventive point of the present invention and effect in fact can have a lot of distortion, this will be readily apparent to persons skilled in the art.Therefore, such variation also all is included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for carrying out anaerobic digestion again after the changing food waste humid heat treatment, it comprises the operations such as preliminary treatment, high temperature humid heat treatment, de-oiling processing, anaerobic digestion and natural pond slag processed of changing food waste, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) preliminary treatment is transported to the garbage disposal point with changing food waste with airtight dustbin, sends into pretreatment system behind the weighing and comprises broken process, sorting and sedimentation separation slurrying step;
(2) high temperature humid heat treatment pumps into pretreated changing food waste in the damp and hot agitated reactor, carries out the damp and hot boiling of high temperature;
(3) de-oiling is handled, and the material after the high temperature humid heat treatment is handled through de-oiling; Separate the grease the obtain oily raw material that acts as a fuel, material gets into the Anaerobic Digestion step;
(4) anaerobic digestion is through warm and humid formula anaerobic digestion in carrying out in mass transport to the anaerobic digestion reaction vessel after the de-oiling processing; The biogas that produces is sent to the biogas treatment system, and the digestive juice of generation is sent to natural pond slag processed system;
(5) natural pond slag processed, the digestive juice that anaerobic digestion produces is through forming natural pond liquid and natural pond slag after the Separation of Solid and Liquid; Natural pond liquid can be used as liquid fertilizer, and the natural pond slag can be used as soil conditioner.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the broken process in the said step (1), material is crushed to satisfy subsequent technique below the 50mm in, can also remove the bigger impurity of proportion such as metal, stone, glass.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the sorting in the said step (1) is to sieve lighter impurity such as the proportion of removing polybag, avoids subsequent handling to stir and twines.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the method for the sedimentation separation slurrying in the said step (1) is: make material particular diameter reach below the 10mm through mixer and breakage pump, the slurrying of material is accomplished in circulation.
5. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that; The method of said step (2) high temperature humid heat treatment is: after charging finishes; In damp and hot agitated reactor, feed 150 ℃ of saturated vapors, agitator stirs in the time of the heating supercharging, keeps damp and hot boiling 30-60min under 105-135 ℃ the condition of high temperature in the damp and hot agitated reactor.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the anaerobic digestion in the said step (4) is that material time of staying in digestive shelf is 20-30 days, carries out fermentation methane production with the temperature (30-40 ℃) of reactor through heat exchanger assurance mesophilic digestion.
7. method according to claim 1; It is characterized in that said step (2) high temperature humid heat treatment has transmission, Steam Heating, humid heat treatment and cooling step, damp and hot agitated reactor is vertical; Vapours directly contacts material in the processing procedure; Make material in jar, keep humidity to be: 85%-87%, at the tank body middle part hygrometer is housed, grasp jar humidity situation of interior material at any time; The numerical value of control temperature, pressure is 105-135 ℃, 0.3-0.4MPa.
8. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, pretreated material gets into from waste material porch, damp and hot agitated reactor top through peristaltic pump, after charging finishes, closes inlet valve, opens steam valve, and 150 ℃ of saturated vapors feed damp and hot agitated reactor; The heating supercharging simultaneously, agitator stirs, and keeps under 120 ℃ of states damp and hot reaction in the still 1 hour; After the water vapour input finished, inlet valve cut out, and got into the exhaust pressure relief stage afterwards, and the steam pressure release valve on agitated reactor top is opened, and recovered in the still to carry out discharging behind the normal pressure.
9. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the de-oiling processing: system feeding gets into oily water separating equipment and removes 90% oil content after process fragmentation, sorting and deposition slurrying, leftover materials entering regulating tank.
10. according to the described method of claim 1-9, it is characterized in that having the anaerobic digestion step: the anaerobic digestion reaction vessel inner surface carries out corrosion-proof coating; Material through efficient stirring, is realized the mixing fully of material from the reactor bottom charging in the reactor; The reactor tank outside has the thermal insulating layer heat insulation; Heating for feed liquid in compensation heat loss and the reactor is equipped with heat exchanger in the reactor outside, in order to keep treatment temperature about 35 ℃; Zymotic fluid is evacuated in the digestive juice accumulator tank by pump through being arranged on the outlet of reactor side, carries out Separation of Solid and Liquid.
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Application publication date: 20120613 |