CN103341743B - The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface - Google Patents
The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN103341743B CN103341743B CN201310285707.7A CN201310285707A CN103341743B CN 103341743 B CN103341743 B CN 103341743B CN 201310285707 A CN201310285707 A CN 201310285707A CN 103341743 B CN103341743 B CN 103341743B
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a kind of anti-cracking processing method of little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface, fluted on the end face of the shaft part B of described multidiameter, the side of the shaft part B of shaft part A and close shaft part A requires carburizing and quenching, other position does not have hardness requirement, multidiameter is with 20Cr steel for blank, and the operation aft-loaded airfoil successively through blanking, roughing, Carburization Treatment, semifinishing, quenching, fine finishining, cut-out, milling groove becomes different shaft part to have the multidiameter of different mechanical performance.Structure of the present invention is simple, be convenient to realize, and by arranging protection step before carburizing, and before quenching, protection step being processed into fillet, effectively can avoiding the cracking that step root causes because stress is excessive when carburizing and quenching; By falling shaft part B carburized layer at quenching front truck, reducing the hardness after shaft part B quenching, improve the working (machining) efficiency of subsequent step.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, be specifically related to a kind of processing method that step place can be avoided to occur the multidiameter of crackle.
Background technology
Axle is the machine components that support rotary part turning round therewith transmits motion, moment of torsion or moment of flexure.Common axle class is generally processed according to the operation of blanking, rough turn, modified, finish turning, grinding, inspection warehouse-in.Some axles need in different positions to assemble different rotational parts, and therefore for the ease of location, cost-saving, the different sections of axle can be designed to different diameters, with the demand of satisfied assembling and transmitting torque.Step is there is, so be commonly referred to as multidiameter or Step Shaft between each section of this axle.
For some top loads, high-revolving occasion, conventional axle class cannot reach instructions for use not due to hardness, wearability, and now, the mode of generally quenching again by carrying out Carburization Treatment at the outer surface of axle improves hardness and wearability, to reduce the wearing and tearing of axle, the service life of extending shaft.This processing method is generally processed according to the operation of blanking, rough turn, modified, finish turning, carburizing, quenching, grinding, inspection warehouse-in.
For a kind of multidiameter of end groove on panel surface as shown in Figure 1, product requirement is the cylindrical of shaft part A and has to pass through carburizing and quenching process near the side of the shaft part B of shaft part A, to ensure hardness and wearability, and the not requirement of all the other positions.General according to blanking in production, rough turn, modified, finish turning, the groove of end face milling, carburizing, quenching, grinding, the operation of inspection warehouse-in is processed, but in above-mentioned process, often there is the problem in following two: 1) because step root easily occurs that stress is concentrated, increase with backward step root carbon content in carburizing, during quenching, step root can concentrate larger structural stress, and the distance of the root distance groove of step is less, the root of step makes material herein thinner because groove exists, therefore often there is radial crack in step end face place, passing rate of processing and the production efficiency of axle are had a strong impact on, 2) for the cylindrical of shaft part B, have higher hardness and wearability after carburizing and quenching, therefore following process difficulty is large, and working (machining) efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are to provide a kind of multidiameter processing method avoiding step root to occur crackle, and during to solve conventional machining process process multidiameter, the technical problem of crackle easily appears in ladder root.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface, the end face of the shaft part B of described multidiameter is provided with groove, the side of the shaft part A of multidiameter and the shaft part B of close shaft part A requires carburizing and quenching, other position does not have hardness requirement, multidiameter, comprises the following steps for blank with 20Cr steel:
A) blanking: the length of blank is the chipping allowance that the twice of multidiameter length adds 10mm ~ 16mm;
B) roughing: the end face of rough turn blank and cylindrical, a shaft part B is gone out at the mid portion car of blank, the diameter of shaft part B is the carburized (case) depth size that design size adds twice, at the two ends of blank, car goes out shaft part A respectively, the diameter of shaft part A is less than the diameter of shaft part B, and retains a protection step respectively at the root of the shaft part A with shaft part B junction; The width of described protection step and highly all between 0.7 ~ 3 times of design carburized (case) depth;
C) Carburization Treatment: require to carry out carburizing according to the carburized (case) depth of design, after carburizing, slow cooling is to room temperature;
D) semifinishing: fall the protection step retained in step b) with lathe car, and reserve grinding allowance; The carburized layer of the shaft part B cylindrical that car falls in step b) makes shaft part B diameter reach design size requirement;
E) quench: require to carry out quenching and tempering according to Technology for Heating Processing;
F) fine finishining: by the diameter of shaft part A and length grinding to design size requirement;
G) cut off: cut off in the centre position of shaft part B, ensure that two parts length be cut into all is not less than the design length of multidiameter; Then the end face of finish turning cut-off part, ensures that two parts length be cut into is the design length of multidiameter;
H) milling groove: mill out groove on the end face of the shaft part B of cut-off part.
Further improvement of the present invention is: when car falls to protect step in described step d), the root car of step is become a fillet.
Owing to have employed technique scheme, the technological progress that the present invention obtains is as follows.
Present invention process is simple, be convenient to realize, and carries out carburizing again by arranging protection step at step root, and terminates rear car in carburizing and fall to protect step to quench again, the structural stress of step root when decreasing quenching, effectively prevent hardening break, improve production efficiency, reduce production cost; Protect the width of step in the present invention and be highly set as 0.7 ~ 3 times of carburized (case) depth, can select according to the hardness requirement of step root, when protect the width of step and be highly 0.7 ~ 1 times of carburized (case) depth time, can form at step root the carburized layer that relatively shallow, phosphorus content is lower, thus make step root have certain hardness and wearability after quenching; When protect the width of step and be highly 1 ~ 3 times of carburized (case) depth time, step root can not form carburized layer, although when quenching like this step root hardness and wearability lower, stress is little, and the possibility of hardening break is low, and production qualification rate is high; The present invention, by falling the carburized layer on shaft part B cylindrical at quenching front truck, reduces the hardness after shaft part B quenching, improves the working (machining) efficiency of subsequent step; The production method that the present invention adopts jointly is processed at processing initial stage two pieces product, and the method for final cutting milling groove again, has the advantages that production efficiency is high.
When car falls to protect step in d) step of the present invention, the root car of step is become a fillet, stress can be reduced in the quenching process below and concentrate, reduce further the possibility of hardening break.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1: the multidiameter structural representation will produced in the present invention;
The sectional view of Fig. 2: Fig. 1;
Fig. 3: the structural representation of reservation protection step during roughing;
Fig. 4: the fillet structure schematic diagram of car during semifinishing.
Wherein: 1. shaft part A, 11. centre bores, 12. screwed holes, 2. shaft part B, 21. grooves, 3. protect step, 4. fillet.
Detailed description of the invention
Do further to describe in detail to the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments:
Embodiment 1:
The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface, in the present embodiment, as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this multidiameter comprises thicker shaft part B two shaft parts of one section thinner shaft part A and a section to the multidiameter manufactured, and shaft part A and shaft part B connecting place form a step.Wherein the length requirement of shaft part A is 55.295mm ~ 55.3mm, and it is 59.9mm ~ 60.1mm that axle overall length requires, the length of shaft part B is limited jointly by the length of axle overall length and shaft part A.The diametric requirements of shaft part A is 35.959mm ~ 35.975mm, and the diametric requirements of shaft part B is 48.8mm ~ 49mm.The outer face of shaft part A requires the centre bore 11 of φ 14 × 15, require in centre bore to arrange the screwed hole 12 that a specification is M12 × 35, the outer face of shaft part B requires groove, and recess width is 8.013mm ~ 8.049mm, length 32.8mm ~ 33.2mm, the degree of depth is 6.8mm ~ 7.3mm.In addition, Carburization Treatment is all wanted in the side of the cylindrical of shaft part A and the shaft part B of close shaft part A and quenches, carburized (case) depth requires 0.6mm, and all the other positions do not have hardness requirement.Because the minimum range of the bottom of groove and the stepped portions of multidiameter only has about 4mm, therefore during carburizing and quenching, stress is concentrated relatively more serious, and step place easily occurs hardening flaw.
The production technology that the present invention manufactures above-mentioned multidiameter comprises the following steps:
A) blanking: to require according to the material of workpiece and target size selects the round steel of a 20Cr material as blank, the diameter of round steel is 53mm, and length is 135mm;
B) roughing: to the rough turn end face of blank and cylindrical, at the two ends of round steel, car goes out a shaft part A respectively, and now the outside diameter of shaft part A is 36.5mm, and the length of shaft part A is rough turn to 55.3mm; And retaining a protection step 3 at the root of step, protection step 3 as shown in Figure 3, is protected the width of step 3 and is highly 0.42mm; Then between the shaft part A at round steel two ends, car goes out a shaft part B, and shaft part B outside diameter is now 51mm;
C) Carburization Treatment: the workpiece after roughing is placed in carburizer and carries out Carburization Treatment, adopt kerosene as carburizing medium, carburizing temperature is 920 DEG C, and carburizing time is 240 minutes, and after carburizing, slow cooling is to room temperature;
D) semifinishing: protection step 3 car of workpiece later for Carburization Treatment is fallen, and step root car is become a fillet 4, as shown in Figure 4, the radius of fillet 4 is 0.8mm to fillet 4 structure; Car removes the carburized layer on shaft part B cylindrical, makes the outside diameter of shaft part B narrow down to 48.8mm ~ 49mm; Turning is carried out to the end face outside shaft part A, makes the contraction in length of shaft part A to 55.1mm ~ 55.2mm; Then centre bore 11 and the screwed hole 12 of φ 14 × 15mm is made in the end face outside of shaft part A; Go out the chamfering of 60 ° at centre bore 11 and intersection, outer face car, go out the chamfering of 15 ° at the cylindrical of shaft part A and intersection, outer face car;
E) quench: workpiece later for semifinishing is placed in atmosphere protection stove and heats, according to workpiece material, size and performance requirement setting quenching technical, hardening heat is 840 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 60 minutes, and quenching mode is oil quenching; Then carry out tempering, temperature is 200 DEG C, and tempering time is 120 minutes.
F) fine finishining: the cylindrical of corase grind shaft part A, makes outside diameter be contracted to 36.077mm ~ 36.08mm, by the length of shaft part A being machined to 55.195mm ~ 55.2mm by face grinding; Then refine, make the outside diameter of shaft part A be contracted to 36mm ~ 36.03mm by fine grinding, then by the length of shaft part A being machined to 55.22mm ~ 55.27mm by face grinding; Then carry out height fine grinding, the outside diameter of shaft part A is worked into 35.959mm ~ 35.975mm, finally by by the end face of mill with the shaft part B of shaft part A intersection, ensure that the length of shaft part A is 55.295mm ~ 55.3mm;
G) cut off: axle later for fine finishining is cut off in the middle of shaft part B, ensure that two parts length be cut into all is not less than 60.4mm; Then by the end face of finish turning cut-off part, ensure that two parts length be cut into is 59.9mm ~ 60.1mm;
H) milling groove: milling groove 21 on the end face of the cut-off part of axle, groove 21 width is 8.013mm ~ 8.049mm, length 32.8mm ~ 33.2mm, and the degree of depth is 6.8mm ~ 7.3mm.
Through checking the cylindrical of shaft part A and the carburized (case) depth near the end of the shaft part B of shaft part A to be 0.614mm, case hardness is in HRC55 ~ 63, and the hardness at full hardening deepness place is HV 550 ~ 570; The case hardness of shaft part B, in HRC30 ~ 35, meets production requirement; The hardness at protection step place is HRC47 ~ 51, and step root does not detect crackle through nondestructive inspection.
Embodiment 2 ~ 5
Protect the effect after the size of step and quenching as following table in embodiment 2 ~ 5: (except protecting step difference, all the other technological parameters are all identical)
| Protection step width | Protection shoulder height | Protection step place hardness (HRC) | There is flawless at step place | |
| Embodiment 2 | 0.48mm | 0.48mm | 43~48 | Nothing |
| Embodiment 3 | 0.6mm | 0.6mm | 33~37 | Nothing |
| Embodiment 4 | 1.2mm | 1.2mm | 32~35 | Nothing |
| Embodiment 5 | 1.8mm | 1.8mm | 30~35 | Nothing |
As can be seen from the above table, the setting of protection step, effectively can prevent the generation of step place end capacity check, improves product qualified rate; When protect the width of step and be highly 0.7 ~ 1 times of carburized (case) depth time, can form at step root the carburized layer that is relatively shallow, phosphorus content is lower, thus make step root still have certain hardness and wearability after quenching; When protect the width of step and be highly 1 ~ 3 times of carburized (case) depth time, step root does not have carburized layer, and thus stress is little, and occur that the possibility of crackle is low, product percent of pass is high; Suitable size can be selected according to concrete technology requirement and working condition in production, not only ensure product qualified rate but also production and application requirement can be met.
Claims (2)
1. the anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface, the shaft part B(2 of described multidiameter) end face on be provided with groove, the shaft part A(1 of multidiameter) and near shaft part A(1) shaft part B(2) side require carburizing and quenching, other position does not have hardness requirement, multidiameter, is characterized in that comprising the following steps for blank with 20Cr steel:
A) blanking: the length of blank is the chipping allowance that the twice of multidiameter length adds 10mm ~ 16mm;
B) roughing: the end face of rough turn blank and cylindrical, a shaft part B(2 is gone out) at the mid portion car of blank, shaft part B(2) diameter be the carburized (case) depth size that design size adds twice, at the two ends of blank, car goes out shaft part A(1 respectively), shaft part A(1) diameter be less than shaft part B(2) diameter, and with shaft part B(2) the shaft part A(1 of junction) and root retain a protection step (3) respectively; The width of described protection step (3) and highly all between 0.7 ~ 3 times of design carburized (case) depth;
C) Carburization Treatment: require to carry out carburizing according to the carburized (case) depth of design, after carburizing, slow cooling is to room temperature;
D) semifinishing: fall the protection step (3) retained in step b) with lathe car, and reserve grinding allowance; Car falls the shaft part B(2 in step b)) carburized layer of cylindrical makes shaft part B(2) diameter reaches design size requirement;
E) quench: require to carry out quenching and tempering according to Technology for Heating Processing;
F) fine finishining: by shaft part A(1) diameter and length grinding to design size requirement;
G) cut off: at shaft part B(2) centre position cut off, ensure that two parts length of being cut into all is not less than the design length of multidiameter; Then the end face of finish turning cut-off part, ensures that two parts length be cut into is the design length of multidiameter;
H) milling groove: the shaft part B(2 at cut-off part) end face on mill out groove (21).
2. the anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end groove on panel surface according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when car falls to protect step (3) in described step d), the root car of step is become a fillet (4).
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