CN103341743A - Anti-cracking machining method of small axial surface carburizing and hardening stepped shaft with end face provided with groove - Google Patents
Anti-cracking machining method of small axial surface carburizing and hardening stepped shaft with end face provided with groove Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-cracking machining method of a small axial surface carburizing and hardening stepped shaft with an end face provided with a groove. The groove is arranged in an end face of a shaft section B of the stepped shaft, a shaft section A and a side face, close to the shaft section A, of the shaft section B have carburizing and hardening requirements, other parts have no hardness requirements, 20Cr steel serves as blanks of the stepped shaft, the procedures of blanking, rough machining, carburizing treatment, semi finish machining, hardening, fine machining, cutting and groove milling are sequentially carried out on the blanks, and then the stepped shaft with different shaft sections having different mechanical properties are machined. The anti-cracking machining method is simple in structure and convenient to achieve; a protective step is arranged before carburizing, the protective step before the hardening is machined to be a fillet, and cracking caused by oversize stress when the carburizing and hardening are carried out on the root portion of the step can be effectively avoided; a shaft section B carburized layer is milled off before the hardening, the hardness of the shaft section B after the hardening is reduced, and machining efficiency of following steps is improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of machining, be specifically related to a kind of processing method that can avoid the step place multidiameter of crackle to occur.
Background technology
Axle is supporting rotational parts and the machine components that turn round to transmit motion, moment of torsion or moment of flexure therewith.Common axle class is generally processed according to the operation of blanking, rough turn, modified, finish turning, grinding, check warehouse-in.The axle that has need assemble different rotational parts in different positions, and therefore for the ease of location, saving cost, the different sections of axle can be designed to different diameters, to satisfy the demand of assembling and transmitting moment of torsion.Owing to have step between each section of this axle, so be commonly referred to as multidiameter or step axle.
For some top loads, high-revolving occasion, conventional axle class is because hardness, wearability is not enough and can't reach instructions for use, at this moment, generally carries out the mode that Carburization Treatment quenches again by the outer surface at axle and improves hardness and wearability, to reduce the wearing and tearing of axle, prolong the service life of axle.This processing method is generally processed according to the operation of blanking, rough turn, modified, finish turning, carburizing, quenching, grinding, check warehouse-in.
For a kind of multidiameter of end face band groove as shown in Figure 1, product requirement is the cylindrical of shaft part A and must handles through carburizing and quenching near the side of the shaft part B of shaft part A that to guarantee hardness and wearability, all the other positions do not require.In the production generally according to blanking, rough turn, modified, finish turning, the groove of end face milling, carburizing, quench, grinding, the operation of check warehouse-in is processed, but the problem aspect following two often appearring in above-mentioned process: 1) concentrates owing to stress appears in step root easily, increase with backward step root carbon content in carburizing, the step root can be concentrated bigger structural stress during quenching, and the root of step is less apart from the distance of groove, the root of step makes material herein thinner owing to groove exists, therefore radial crack often appears in the step end face place, has had a strong impact on passing rate of processing and the production efficiency of axle; 2) for the cylindrical of shaft part B, carburizing and quenching has higher hardness and wearability later on, so the following process difficulty is big, and working (machining) efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention provide a kind of multidiameter processing method of avoiding the step root crackle to occur, and the technical problem of crackle appears in ladder root easily when handling multidiameter to solve conventional machining process.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end face band groove, the end face of the large diameter shaft part B of described multidiameter is provided with groove, the side of the shaft part B of the shaft part A of multidiameter and close shaft part A requires carburizing and quenching, other position does not have the hardness requirement, multidiameter is blank with the 20Cr steel, may further comprise the steps:
A) blanking: the length of blank is the chipping allowance that the twice of multidiameter length adds 10mm～16mm;
B) roughing: the end face of rough turn blank and cylindrical, mid portion car at blank goes out a large diameter shaft part B, the diameter of shaft part B is the carburized (case) depth size that design size adds twice, car goes out the shaft part A of minor diameter respectively at the two ends of blank, and keeps a protection step respectively at the root with the shaft part A of shaft part B junction; The width of described protection step and highly all between design 0.7～3 times of carburized (case) depth;
C) Carburization Treatment: the carburized (case) depth according to design requires to carry out carburizing, and slow cooling is to room temperature after the carburizing;
D) semifinishing: fall the protection step that keeps in the step b) with the lathe car, and reserve grinding allowance; The carburized layer that car falls the shaft part B cylindrical in the step b) makes shaft part B diameter reach the design size requirement;
E) quench: require to quench and tempering according to Technology for Heating Processing;
F) fine finishining: the design size requirement is arrived in diameter and the length grinding of shaft part A;
G) cut off: the centre position at shaft part B cuts off, and guarantees that two parts length that is cut into all is not less than the design length of multidiameter; The end face of finish turning cut-off part guarantees that two parts length that is cut into is the design length of multidiameter then;
H) mill groove: the end face at the shaft part B of cut-off part mills out groove.
Further improvement of the present invention is: when car falls to protect step in the described step d), the root car of step is become a fillet.
Because the technological progress of having adopted technique scheme, the present invention to obtain is as follows.
Technology of the present invention is simple, be convenient to realize, carries out carburizing again by the protection step is set at the step root, and finishes the back car in carburizing and fall to protect step to quench again, reduced the structural stress of step root when quenching, effectively avoid hardening break, improved production efficiency, reduced production cost; The protection width of step and height setting are 0.7～3 times of carburized (case) depth among the present invention, can require according to the hardness of step root to select, when the width of protection step with when highly being 0.7～1 times of carburized (case) depth, can form a carburized layer relatively more shallow, that phosphorus content is lower at the step root, thereby make the step root after quenching, have certain rigidity and wearability; When the width of protection step with when highly being 1～3 times of carburized (case) depth, the step root can not form carburized layer, though step root hardness and wearability are lower when quenching like this, stress is little, and the possibility of hardening break is low, production qualification rate height; The present invention has reduced the hardness after shaft part B quenches by fall the carburized layer on the shaft part B cylindrical at the quenching front truck, has improved the working (machining) efficiency of subsequent step; The production method that the present invention adopts is to process jointly at processing initial stage two products, and the method for groove is milled in final cutting again, has the high characteristics of production efficiency.
When d of the present invention) car falls to protect step in the step, the root car of step is become a fillet, can in the quenching process of back, reduce stress and concentrate, further reduced the possibility of hardening break.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1: the multidiameter structural representation that will produce among the present invention;
The cutaway view of Fig. 2: Fig. 1;
Fig. 3: the structural representation that keeps the protection step during roughing;
Fig. 4: the fillet structure schematic diagram of car system during semifinishing.
Wherein: 1. shaft part A, 11. centre bores, 12. screwed holes, 2. shaft part B, 21. grooves, 3. protection step, 4. fillet.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is done further to describe in detail:
Embodiment 1:
The anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end face band groove, in the present embodiment, the multidiameter of making as depicted in figs. 1 and 2, this multidiameter comprises shaft part A and two shaft parts of one section thicker shaft part B of one section thinner, shaft part A and shaft part B connecting place form a step.Wherein the length requirement of shaft part A is 55.295mm～55.3mm, and it is 59.9mm～60.1mm that the axle length overall requires, and the length of shaft part B is limited jointly by the length of axle length overall and shaft part A.The diameter of shaft part A requires to be 35.959mm～35.975mm, and the diameter of shaft part B requires to be 48.8mm～49mm.Require to have the centre bore 11 of φ 14 * 15 on the outer face of shaft part A, require in the centre bore screwed hole 12 that a specification is M12 * 35 is set, require flutedly on the outer face of shaft part B, recess width is 8.013mm～8.049mm, length 32.8mm～33.2mm, the degree of depth is 6.8mm～7.3mm.In addition, all want Carburization Treatment and quenching on the side of the shaft part B of the cylindrical of shaft part A and close shaft part A, carburized (case) depth requires 0.6mm, and all the other positions do not have the hardness requirement.Because the bottom of groove has only about 4mm with the minimum range of the stepped portions of multidiameter, so stress is concentrated relatively seriously during carburizing and quenching, hardening flaw appears in step place easily.
The production technology that the present invention makes above-mentioned multidiameter may further comprise the steps:
A) blanking: as blank, the diameter of round steel is 53mm according to the material of workpiece requires and target size is selected a 20Cr material round steel, and length is 135mm;
B) roughing: to the rough turn end face of blank and cylindrical, car goes out a shaft part A respectively at the two ends of round steel, and this moment, the outside diameter of shaft part A was 36.5mm, and the length of shaft part A is rough turn to 55.3mm; And keep a protection step 3 at the root of step, protection step 3 as shown in Figure 3, the width of protection step 3 and highly be 0.42mm; Car goes out a shaft part B between the shaft part A at round steel two ends then, and shaft part B outside diameter at this moment is 51mm;
C) Carburization Treatment: place carburizer to carry out Carburization Treatment the workpiece after the roughing, adopt kerosene as carburizing medium, carburizing temperature is 920 ℃, and carburizing time is 240 minutes, and slow cooling is to room temperature after the carburizing;
D) semifinishing: protection step 3 cars of the workpiece that Carburization Treatment is later fall, and step root car is become a fillet 4, fillet 4 structures as shown in Figure 4, the radius of fillet 4 is 0.8mm; Car removes the carburized layer on the shaft part B cylindrical, makes the outside diameter of shaft part B narrow down to 48.8mm～49mm; End face to the shaft part A outside carries out turning, makes the contraction in length of shaft part A to 55.1mm～55.2mm; Make centre bore 11 and the screwed hole 12 of φ 14 * 15mm then at the outside of shaft part A end face; Go out 60 ° chamfering at centre bore 11 and intersection, outer face car, go out one 15 ° chamfering at cylindrical and intersection, the outer face car of shaft part A;
E) quench: the workpiece that semifinishing is later places the atmosphere protection stove to heat, and sets quenching technical according to workpiece material, size and performance requirement, and hardening heat is 840 ℃, and temperature retention time is 60 minutes, and the quenching mode is oil quenching; Carry out tempering then, temperature is 200 ℃, and tempering time is 120 minutes.
F) fine finishining: the cylindrical of corase grind shaft part A, make outside diameter be contracted to 36.077mm～36.08mm, by leaning on face grinding the length of shaft part A is machined to 55.195mm～55.2mm; Finish grind then, make the outside diameter of shaft part A be contracted to 36mm～36.03mm by correct grinding, again by leaning on face grinding that the length of shaft part A is machined to 55.22mm～55.27mm; Carry out height correct grinding then, the outside diameter of shaft part A is worked into 35.959mm～35.975mm, at last by by the end face of mill with the shaft part B of shaft part A intersection, the length of assurance shaft part A is 55.295mm～55.3mm;
G) cut off: the axle that fine finishining is later cuts off in the middle of shaft part B, guarantees that two parts length that is cut into all is not less than 60.4mm; By the end face of finish turning cut-off part, guarantee that two parts length that is cut into is 59.9mm～60.1mm then;
H) mill groove: the end face at the cut-off part of axle mills groove 21, and groove 21 width are 8.013mm～8.049mm, length 32.8mm～33.2mm, and the degree of depth is 6.8mm～7.3mm.
The carburized (case) depth of the end of the shaft part B of the cylindrical through checking shaft part A and close shaft part A is 0.614mm, and case hardness is in HRC55～63, and the hardness at full hardening deepness place is HV550～570; The case hardness of shaft part B meets production requirement in HRC30～35; The hardness at protection step place is HRC47～51, and the step root does not detect crackle through nondestructive inspection.
The size of protection step and effect such as the following table after the quenching among the embodiment 2～5: (except protection step difference, all the other technological parameters are all identical)
As can be seen from the above table, the setting of protection step can effectively prevent the generation of step place end capacity check, improves product qualified rate; When the width of protection step with when highly be 0.7～1 times of carburized (case) depth, can form a carburized layer relatively more shallow, that phosphorus content is lower at the step root, thereby make the step root still have later certain rigidity and wearability in quenching; When the width of protection step with when highly being 1～3 times of carburized (case) depth, the step root does not have carburized layer, thereby stress is little, and the possibility that crackle occurs is low, the product percent of pass height; Can select suitable dimensions according to concrete technological requirement and working condition in the production, not only guarantee product qualified rate but also can satisfy the production instructions for use.
Claims (2)
1. the anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end face band groove, the end face of the large diameter shaft part B of described multidiameter is provided with groove, the shaft part A(1 of multidiameter) with near the shaft part B(2 of shaft part A) the side require carburizing and quenching, other position does not have the hardness requirement, multidiameter is blank with the 20Cr steel, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A) blanking: the length of blank is the chipping allowance that the twice of multidiameter length adds 10mm～16mm;
B) roughing: the end face of rough turn blank and cylindrical, mid portion car at blank goes out a large diameter shaft part B(2), the diameter of shaft part B is the carburized (case) depth size that design size adds twice, car goes out the shaft part A(1 of minor diameter respectively at the two ends of blank), and with shaft part B(2) the shaft part A(1 of junction) and root keep a protection step (3) respectively; The width of described protection step (3) and highly all between design 0.7～3 times of carburized (case) depth;
C) Carburization Treatment: the carburized (case) depth according to design requires to carry out carburizing, and slow cooling is to room temperature after the carburizing;
D) semifinishing: fall the protection step (3) that keeps in the step b) with the lathe car, and reserve grinding allowance; Car falls the shaft part B(2 in the step b)) carburized layer of cylindrical makes shaft part B diameter reach the design size requirement;
E) quench: require to quench and tempering according to Technology for Heating Processing;
F) diameter fine finishining: with shaft part A(1) and length grinding are to the design size requirement;
G) centre position cut-out: at shaft part B(2) cuts off, and guarantees that two parts length that is cut into all is not less than the design length of multidiameter; The end face of finish turning cut-off part guarantees that two parts length that is cut into is the design length of multidiameter then;
H) mill groove: at the shaft part B(2 of cut-off part) end face mill out groove (21).
2. the anti-cracking processing method of the little axial plane carburizing and quenching multidiameter of end face band groove according to claim 1 is characterized in that: when car falls to protect step (3) in the described step d), the root car of step is become a fillet (4).
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