CN103340120B - Method of regulating temperature of rhizosphere environment of strawberries in sunlight greenhouse and facility - Google Patents
Method of regulating temperature of rhizosphere environment of strawberries in sunlight greenhouse and facility Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 235000021012 strawberries Nutrition 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 240000009088 Fragaria x ananassa Species 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 74
- 241000220223 Fragaria Species 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 235000016623 Fragaria vesca Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 235000011363 Fragaria x ananassa Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000008236 heating water Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002786 root growth Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000004789 Rosa xanthina Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000220222 Rosaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000015816 nutrient absorption Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/14—Measures for saving energy, e.g. in green houses
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Abstract
一种调节日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法,其特征在于采用直接在草莓高架栽培槽的栽培基质上布置管道支管,管道支管距离草莓植株5-8cm;冬季,提前给常压热水锅炉灌满水,加热水温至55~60℃,打开水泵,水流流经栽培基质上布置的管道,直接对草莓根圈环境进行加热,回水回到常压加热锅炉,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在15~20℃;夏季,采用20~23℃的自来水温,无需加热,直接打开水泵,自来水流经栽培基质上布置的管道,直接对草莓根圈环境进行降温,回水回到常压加热锅炉,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在23~25℃。本发明采用直接对草莓根圈环境加温或降温的方式,利于控制病虫害,利于草莓积累光合产物,利于提高根系活力,调温效果好,效率快,设备成本低,运行和维护费用少,同时节能,节水效果显著。
A method for regulating the ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle in a solar greenhouse, which is characterized in that pipe branch pipes are arranged directly on the cultivation substrate of the strawberry elevated cultivation tank, and the pipe branch pipes are 5-8cm away from the strawberry plants; in winter, the normal pressure hot water boiler is filled in advance Fill with water, heat the water temperature to 55~60°C, turn on the water pump, the water flows through the pipes arranged on the cultivation substrate, directly heats the strawberry root circle environment, and the return water returns to the normal pressure heating boiler, through the continuous circulation of this process to maintain The ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle is 15-20°C; in summer, tap water temperature of 20-23°C is used, without heating, the water pump is directly turned on, and the tap water flows through the pipes arranged on the cultivation substrate to directly cool the strawberry root circle environment and return water Return to the normal pressure heating boiler, and maintain the ambient temperature of the strawberry rhizosphere at 23~25°C through the continuous circulation of this process. The present invention adopts the method of directly heating or cooling the strawberry rhizosphere environment, which is beneficial to control diseases and insect pests, is beneficial to the accumulation of photosynthetic products of strawberries, is beneficial to improving root activity, has good temperature adjustment effect, fast efficiency, low equipment cost, low operation and maintenance costs, and at the same time Energy saving, water saving effect is remarkable.
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明属于一种设施环境管理领域,特别是指一种在高架栽培槽上布置管道,用于冬夏季双向调控日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法及设施。 The invention belongs to the field of facility environment management, in particular to a method and facility for arranging pipelines on elevated cultivation tanks for bidirectionally regulating the ambient temperature of strawberry root circles in solar greenhouses in winter and summer.
技术背景 technical background
草莓属蔷薇科草莓属,为多年生草本植物,因其具有较高的经济价值,适应性广,适合设施农业周年生产。同时由于草莓是浅根性植物,根系对环境条件的要求比较敏感,特别是对温度的要求,表现为既不抗高温,也不耐低温。草莓根系生长的临界温度是2~5℃,在-8℃时会受冻害,-12℃时会冻死。根系生长的最适温度是13~23℃,25℃以上根系生长缓慢,温度最高限为35℃。因此,在草莓管理上,冬季必须采取有效的加温措施增加地温,以保证根系安全越冬,并促进根系的生长;夏季高温时期应采取有效的降温措施,以降低地温,使根正常生长。 Strawberry belongs to Rosaceae and is a perennial herbaceous plant. Because of its high economic value and wide adaptability, it is suitable for annual production of facility agriculture. At the same time, because strawberry is a shallow-rooted plant, the root system is more sensitive to the requirements of environmental conditions, especially the requirements of temperature, which shows that it is neither resistant to high temperature nor low temperature. The critical temperature for the growth of strawberry root system is 2-5°C, at -8°C it will be damaged by freezing, and at -12°C it will freeze to death. The optimum temperature for root growth is 13-23°C, the root growth is slow above 25°C, and the maximum temperature is 35°C. Therefore, in strawberry management, effective heating measures must be taken in winter to increase the ground temperature to ensure the safe overwintering of the root system and promote root growth; effective cooling measures should be taken during the high temperature period in summer to reduce the ground temperature and allow the roots to grow normally.
冬季,由于日光温室面积大,如果采用传统的热水管道加热方式对日光温室环境气温进行调节,很难达到整体的升温的效果,并且极其容易出现局部高温,局部低温,造成草莓植株生长不一致,甚至出现萎蔫的现象。同时当进行人工加温时,由于地温的升高存在明显的滞后,极易造成当气温达到草莓植株适宜生长温度时,根圈温度仍处于较低值的现象,这种现象致使草莓根系活力降低,营养吸收变缓,不能满足对地上部分营养供给的需求,造成草莓植株生长缓慢,甚至停止生长。夏季高温时期,白天的日光温室气温和地温都超过了草莓植株的适宜温度,草莓生长受到抑制。如果采用传统的湿帘-风机循环降温方式对日光温室环境气温进行调节,可以达到降低气温的效果,但与此同时,日光温室内的空气湿度会迅速的增加,不利于草莓植株进行光合作用且极易造成病虫害的发生。因此,实际生产中日光温室中这种气温和地温的变化现象对草莓的生长是非常不利的,要改善这种现状,环境调控能力的水平的提升是必需的技术途径。 In winter, due to the large area of the solar greenhouse, if the traditional hot water pipeline heating method is used to adjust the ambient temperature of the solar greenhouse, it is difficult to achieve the overall temperature rise effect, and it is extremely easy to have local high temperatures and local low temperatures, resulting in inconsistent growth of strawberry plants. There is even wilting. At the same time, when artificial heating is carried out, due to the obvious lag in the increase of ground temperature, it is very easy to cause the phenomenon that when the temperature reaches the suitable growth temperature of strawberry plants, the temperature of the rhizosphere is still at a low value, which leads to the decrease of strawberry root vitality. , nutrient absorption slows down and cannot meet the demand for nutrient supply to the aboveground part, causing the strawberry plants to grow slowly or even stop growing. During the high temperature period in summer, the daytime solar greenhouse temperature and ground temperature both exceeded the suitable temperature for strawberry plants, and the growth of strawberry was inhibited. If the traditional wet curtain-fan circulation cooling method is used to adjust the ambient temperature of the solar greenhouse, the effect of reducing the temperature can be achieved, but at the same time, the air humidity in the solar greenhouse will increase rapidly, which is not conducive to the photosynthesis of strawberry plants. Very easy to cause the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. Therefore, the change of air temperature and ground temperature in the solar greenhouse in actual production is very unfavorable to the growth of strawberries. To improve this situation, the improvement of the level of environmental regulation is a necessary technical approach.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种可用于冬夏季双向调控日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法,采用直接在草莓高架栽培槽的栽培基质上布置管道的方式,通过调节水温直接调控草莓根圈环境温度,达到在降低调控的难度,减少能源消耗的基础上同时提高温度调控效果。 The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method that can be used for two-way regulation and control of the ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle in a solar greenhouse in winter and summer. It adopts the method of directly arranging the pipeline on the cultivation substrate of the strawberry elevated cultivation tank, and directly regulates the temperature of the strawberry root circle environment by adjusting the water temperature. , to improve the effect of temperature regulation on the basis of reducing the difficulty of regulation and reducing energy consumption.
为实现上述目的,本发明采取如下的技术解决方案: To achieve the above object, the present invention takes the following technical solutions:
一种调节日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法,其特征在于:采用直接在草莓高架栽培槽的栽培基质上布置管道,管道距离草莓植株5-8cm;冬季,提前给常压热水锅炉灌满水,加热水温至55~60℃,打开水泵,水流流经栽培基质上布置的管道,直接对草莓根圈环境进行加热,回水回到常压加热锅炉,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在15~20℃;夏季,采用20~23℃的自来水温,无需加热,直接打开水泵,自来水流经栽培基质上布置的管道,直接对草莓根圈环境进行降温,回水回到常压加热锅炉,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在23~25℃。 A method for regulating the ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle in a solar greenhouse, which is characterized in that: the pipes are arranged directly on the cultivation substrate of the strawberry elevated cultivation tank, and the pipes are 5-8cm away from the strawberry plants; in winter, the normal pressure hot water boiler is filled in advance Water, heat the water temperature to 55~60°C, turn on the water pump, the water flows through the pipes arranged on the cultivation substrate, directly heats the strawberry root circle environment, returns the water back to the normal pressure heating boiler, and maintains strawberries through the continuous circulation of this process The ambient temperature of the root circle is 15-20°C; in summer, tap water temperature of 20-23°C is used, without heating, the water pump is directly turned on, and the tap water flows through the pipes arranged on the cultivation substrate to directly cool the strawberry root circle environment, and return the water to the To the atmospheric pressure heating boiler, through the continuous circulation of this process, the ambient temperature of the strawberry rhizosphere is maintained at 23~25°C.
所述方法中涉及的设施包括常压热水锅炉、水泵、进水管、出水管,其特征是:常压热水锅炉上端连接自来水管,下端连接进水管,进水管上安装水泵,各支管直接布置在草莓高架栽培槽的栽培基质上,各支管一端连接进水管,另一端连接出水管,出水管的另一端与常压热水锅炉上端连接。 The facilities involved in the method include an atmospheric pressure hot water boiler, a water pump, a water inlet pipe, and a water outlet pipe. Arranged on the cultivation substrate of the strawberry elevated cultivation tank, one end of each branch pipe is connected to the water inlet pipe, the other end is connected to the water outlet pipe, and the other end of the water outlet pipe is connected to the upper end of the atmospheric pressure hot water boiler.
本发明的积极效果:一、直接对植物生长的根圈环境温度进行调控,相对于调控日光温室整体气温而言,由于调控的面积减小了,因此调控的难度降低了,而且因根圈环境相对稳定,所以用于温度调控所需要的能源减少了,但调控的效果提高了;二、在冬季,直接对草莓根圈环境进行加热升温,使草莓周围环境的气温和地温同步升高,有利于提高草莓根系的活力,提高根系吸收养分的能力,促进草莓植株生长;在夏季,直接对草莓根圈环境温度进行降温,使草莓周围环境的气温和地温同步降低,利于草莓植株进行光合作用且由于是采用封闭式的水循环降温方式,控制了温室内湿度的增加,减少草莓叶面凝结露珠的现象,有效的减少了草莓病虫害的发生。 Positive effects of the present invention: 1. Directly regulate the temperature of the rhizosphere environment for plant growth. Compared with regulating the overall temperature of the solar greenhouse, the area of regulation is reduced, so the difficulty of regulation is reduced. Relatively stable, so the energy required for temperature regulation is reduced, but the effect of regulation is improved; 2. In winter, directly heat up the strawberry rhizosphere environment, so that the air temperature and ground temperature of the strawberry surrounding environment will rise synchronously. It is beneficial to improve the vitality of the strawberry root system, improve the ability of the root system to absorb nutrients, and promote the growth of strawberry plants; in summer, directly cool the ambient temperature of the strawberry rhizosphere, so that the air temperature and ground temperature of the strawberry surrounding environment are simultaneously reduced, which is conducive to the photosynthesis of strawberry plants and Due to the closed water circulation cooling method, the increase of humidity in the greenhouse is controlled, the phenomenon of dew condensation on the strawberry leaves is reduced, and the occurrence of strawberry diseases and insect pests is effectively reduced. ``
附图说明 Description of drawings
图1为本发明示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
图2为本发明整体布局示意图。 Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall layout of the present invention.
图3为本发明中管道布置方式示意图。 Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement of pipelines in the present invention.
图中序号:出水管1,常压热水锅炉2,自来水管3,水泵4,进水管5,支管6,栽培基质7。 Serial numbers in the figure: outlet pipe 1, atmospheric pressure hot water boiler 2, tap water pipe 3, water pump 4, water inlet pipe 5, branch pipe 6, cultivation substrate 7.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
如图1-3所示,本发明提供调节日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法涉及的设施:有一常压热水锅炉2,常压热水锅炉2安装在日光温室靠缓冲间3的一侧,常压热水锅炉2的进水端连接自来水管,出水端连接进水管5,进水管5直径40~60mm,进水管5上安装水泵4,各支管6直接布置在草莓高架栽培槽的栽培基质7上,各支管距离草莓基茎部位5~8cm;各支管6的一端连接进水管5,另一端连接出水管1,出水管1的另一端与常压热水锅炉2的进水端连接。出水管1直径40~60mm。 As shown in Figures 1-3, the present invention provides facilities related to the method for adjusting the ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle in the solar greenhouse: there is an atmospheric pressure hot water boiler 2, and the atmospheric pressure hot water boiler 2 is installed on the side of the solar greenhouse near the buffer room 3 , the water inlet end of the atmospheric pressure hot water boiler 2 is connected to the tap water pipe, and the water outlet end is connected to the water inlet pipe 5, the diameter of the water inlet pipe 5 is 40-60mm, the water pump 4 is installed on the water inlet pipe 5, and each branch pipe 6 is directly arranged in the strawberry elevated cultivation tank. On the substrate 7, each branch pipe is 5-8 cm away from the base of the strawberry; one end of each branch pipe 6 is connected to the water inlet pipe 5, the other end is connected to the water outlet pipe 1, and the other end of the water outlet pipe 1 is connected to the water inlet end of the atmospheric pressure hot water boiler 2 . Outlet pipe 1 has a diameter of 40-60 mm.
调节日光温室草莓根圈环境温度的方法如下:提前给常压热水锅炉2灌满水,燃煤加热水温至55~60℃,打开水泵2,水流进入进水管5,通过支管6直接流经栽培基质,直接对草莓根圈环境进行加热,再通过出水管1回到常压加热锅炉2,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在15~20℃。夏季,自来水温在20~23℃,无需加热,直接打开水泵4,水流进入进水管道5,通过支管6直接流经栽培基质,直接对草莓根圈环境进行降温,再通过出水管1回到常压加热锅炉2,通过这一过程的不断循环维持草莓根圈环境温度在23~25℃。 The method of adjusting the ambient temperature of the strawberry root circle in the solar greenhouse is as follows: fill the atmospheric hot water boiler 2 with water in advance, heat the water temperature to 55~60°C with coal, turn on the water pump 2, and the water flow enters the water inlet pipe 5, and flows directly through the branch pipe 6 The cultivation medium directly heats the strawberry rhizosphere environment, and then returns to the normal-pressure heating boiler 2 through the outlet pipe 1. Through the continuous circulation of this process, the temperature of the strawberry rhizosphere environment is maintained at 15-20°C. In summer, the temperature of the tap water is 20-23°C, without heating, the water pump 4 is directly turned on, the water flows into the water inlet pipe 5, flows directly through the cultivation substrate through the branch pipe 6, and directly cools the strawberry rhizosphere environment, and then returns to the strawberry root circle through the outlet pipe 1. The atmospheric pressure heating boiler 2 maintains the ambient temperature of the strawberry rhizosphere at 23-25°C through the continuous circulation of this process. the
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CN105325237A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Planting method capable of promoting early fruiting of strawberry |
CN105325194A (en) * | 2015-10-28 | 2016-02-17 | 安徽林海园林绿化工程有限公司 | Method for preventing non-flowering and fruitlessness of strawberries due to flourishing growth |
CN108157161A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-06-15 | 天津市设施农业研究所 | A kind of stereoscopic strawberry cultivation device and cultural method and application |
CN108738877A (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2018-11-06 | 谢彬彬 | A kind of garden seedling tree plantation breeding apparatus |
CN112753439B (en) * | 2021-01-11 | 2022-08-12 | 青岛市农业科学研究院 | Intelligent big-arch shelter device is planted to strawberry |
CN115413538A (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2022-12-02 | 上海新弘生态农业有限公司 | How to grow strawberries |
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