CN103335666B - Dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method - Google Patents
Dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method, belong to optical field, and the present invention solves based on the little problem of the strain measurement scope of brillouin gain Slope Method dynamic sensitive technology.The present invention includes laser instrument, coupling mechanism, polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, adjustable optical attenuator, data acquisition module, first Polarization Controller PC1, second Polarization Controller PC2, 3rd Polarization Controller PC3, 4th Polarization Controller PC4, probe light intensity modulator IM1, pump light intensities modulator IM2, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG, first circulator R1, second circulator R2, first signal amplifier Amp1 and secondary signal amplifier Amp2, any ripple is utilized to drive the mode of intensity modulator, achieve the frequency agility of probe light, solve the rapid scanning problem of frequency, achieve distributed Brillouin's dynamic sensitive, measure the strain of polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method, belong to optical field.
Background technology
Distributed dynamic sensing technology is used for the distributed monitoring to transient signal.This sensing technology can realize the measurement real-time fast of the stress information to monitored object.This sensing technology can be used for the health status monitoring to basis instrument such as bridges, also can be used for studying the extraneous transient conditions such as such as blast, earthquake to the percussive action of the structure of monitored object.In traditional Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) technology, frequency-scan speed is lower than signal intensity, and this causes traditional BOTDA technology to be only applicable to, to the monitoring of steady-state signal, not be suitable for transient signal.The existing BOTDA technology that can be used for measurement Dynamic Signal at present, many employing brillouin gain Slope Methods, the method is limited to the length of the linearity range of brillouin gain curve, and the range of strain of measurement is little, limits the actual application ability of the method.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to, in order to solve based on the little problem of the strain measurement scope of brillouin gain Slope Method dynamic sensitive technology, to provide a kind of dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method of wide-measuring range.
Dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment of the present invention, it comprises laser instrument, coupling mechanism, polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier, adjustable optical attenuator, data acquisition module, the first Polarization Controller PC1, the second Polarization Controller PC2, the 3rd Polarization Controller PC3, the 4th Polarization Controller PC4, probe light intensity modulator IM1, pump light intensities modulator IM2, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG, the first circulator R1, the second circulator R2, the first signal amplifier Amp1 and secondary signal amplifier Amp2
The RF signal output of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of probe light intensity modulator IM1 by the first signal amplifier Amp1; The rectangular pulse signal output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of pump light intensities modulator IM2 by secondary signal amplifier Amp2; The trigger pip output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the trigger end of data acquisition module;
The laser beam that laser instrument sends is divided into two bundle laser by coupling mechanism;
Wherein beam of laser enters probe light intensity modulator IM1 through the first Polarization Controller PC1, the probe light that light intensity modulator IM1 modulates exports the A port of the first circulator R1 to, export from C port after the fiber grating reflection of the B port of the first circulator R1, the probe light that the C port of the first circulator R1 exports enters in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured after the 3rd Polarization Controller PC3;
Wherein another beam of laser enters pump light intensities modulator IM2 through the second Polarization Controller PC2, the pump light that pump light intensities modulator IM2 modulates exports the input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier to, the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier connects the input end of adjustable optical attenuator, the pump light that adjustable optical attenuator exports enters from the C mouth of the second circulator R2, and export from A mouth, enter from another direction polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured;
In polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured, the probe light and the pump light generation Brillouin amplification that meet Brillouin scattering condition interact; Probe light through Brillouin amplification enters the A port of the second circulator R2, and exports data acquisition module to from the B port of the second circulator R2.
Based on the method for described dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment, the method comprises the following steps:
Laser beam is divided into two bundles by step one, coupling mechanism, and wherein beam of laser is modulated into probe light by probe light intensity modulator IM1, and another beam of laser is modulated into pump light by pump light intensities modulator IM2,
The radiofrequency signal of the modulated terminal input of probe light intensity modulator IM1 is the wave train of N number of frequency step change
Wherein: f
m0for the original frequency of the wave train, f
sfor number of frequency steps, T is arbitrary frequency sweep cycle,
for rounding, t is the time;
The beam of laser of input is modulated into probe light f by probe light intensity modulator IM1
tzg(t)=f
0-2f
m(t),
Wherein: f
0for the frequency of the beam of laser of input;
Described pump light is the pulsed light that the pulse being T by N number of cycle forms,
Step 2, the light exported by probe light intensity modulator IM1 modulation leach second order lower side frequency signal as probe light by fiber grating;
Step 3, described probe light and described pump light are interacted by stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured, and polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured exports the probe light amplified;
Step 4, when after the scanning completing a frequency sweep cycle T, obtain the brillouin gain spectrum in each spatial point on the polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured under this frequency state;
Step 5, according to Brillouin shift ν
bwith the linear functional relation ν of strain stress
b=ν
b0+ C
sε, completes the measurement of the strain of polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured under this frequency state,
Wherein, ν
b0without Brillouin shift during strain, C
sit is the coefficient of strain.
Advantage of the present invention: the inventive method utilizes any ripple to drive the mode of intensity modulator, achieve the frequency agility of probe light, solve the rapid scanning problem of frequency, achieve distributed Brillouin's dynamic sensitive, large strain measurement scope can be obtained by increasing probe light frequency sweeping ranges in this method, overcoming the problem that in brillouin gain Slope Method, strain measurement is little.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the sequential chart of probe light and pump light;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is schematic diagram when measuring stress.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment described in present embodiment, it comprises laser instrument 1, coupling mechanism 2, polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 4, adjustable optical attenuator 5, data acquisition module 6, first Polarization Controller PC1, second Polarization Controller PC2, 3rd Polarization Controller PC3, 4th Polarization Controller PC4, probe light intensity modulator IM1, pump light intensities modulator IM2, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG, first circulator R1, second circulator R2, first signal amplifier Amp1 and secondary signal amplifier Amp2,
The RF signal output of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of probe light intensity modulator IM1 by the first signal amplifier Amp1; The rectangular pulse signal output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of pump light intensities modulator IM2 by secondary signal amplifier Amp2; The oscillograph trigger pip output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the trigger end of data acquisition module 6;
The laser beam that laser instrument 1 sends is divided into two bundle laser by coupling mechanism 2;
Wherein beam of laser enters probe light intensity modulator IM1 through the first Polarization Controller PC1, the probe light that light intensity modulator IM1 modulates exports the A port of the first circulator R1 to, export from C port after the fiber grating reflection of the B port of the first circulator R1, the probe light that the C port of the first circulator R1 exports enters in polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured after the 3rd Polarization Controller PC3;
Wherein another beam of laser enters pump light intensities modulator IM2 through the second Polarization Controller PC2, the pump light that pump light intensities modulator IM2 modulates exports the input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 4 to, the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 4 connects the input end of adjustable optical attenuator 5, the pump light that adjustable optical attenuator 5 exports enters from the C mouth of the second circulator R2, and export from A mouth, enter from another direction polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured;
In polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured, meet probe light and the pump light generation Brillouin amplification process of Brillouin amplification condition; Probe light through Brillouin amplification enters the A port of the second circulator R2, and exports oscillograph 6 display to from the B port of the second circulator R2.
AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG employing Tek company produces, model is the AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) of 7122C.
Laser instrument 1 adopts live width to be the super-narrow line width laser instrument of 50kHz, and this laser instrument is as light source, and wavelength is about 1550nm.Output of laser is divided into two bundles via a road of probe light intensity modulator IM1 for generation of probe light through three-dB coupler (Coupler); Via the road of pump light intensities modulator IM2 for generation of pump light.Probe light intensity modulator IM1 is operated in single order side frequency suppression mode, the radio frequency signals drive of the frequency step sent by AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG change, produces second order frequency move effect to injection laser.The Stokes signal of low frequency is leached by fiber grating FBG.Pump light intensities modulator IM2 be used for continuous print pumping laser is modulated to pulsed light, this pulsed light is via Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier 4(EDFA) amplify after, interacted by SBS effect with probe light in polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured.3rd Polarization Controller PC3 and the 4th Polarization Controller PC4 is used for the polarization state of probe light and pump light to be adjusted in the same optical axis of polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured.Probe light after amplification is monitored by data acquisition module 6.This data acquisition module 6 is operated in external trigger pattern, and trigger pip is provided by AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG.
Model is the raw three road electric signal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG common property of 7122C, is respectively the trigger pip of radiofrequency signal, rectangular pulse signal and oscillograph 6.AWG is operated in binary channels multiplexer mode, and bandwidth is 9.6GHz, and sampling rate can reach 24GHz.Radiofrequency signal is provided by any wave output terminal.Mark output terminal 1 (Marker1) is for exporting rect.p., and mark output terminal 2 (Marker2) is for providing trigger pip for oscillograph, and three channels operation are in burst pattern (discontinuous operation pattern).
Embodiment two: present embodiment is described below in conjunction with Fig. 2, present embodiment is described further embodiment one, and it also comprises the first direct supply DC1 and the second direct supply DC2,
First direct supply DC1 provides DC supply for probe light intensity modulator IM1;
Second direct supply DC2 provides DC supply for pump light intensities modulator IM2.
Embodiment three: below in conjunction with Fig. 1 to 3, present embodiment is described, present embodiment is the method based on Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment dynamic distributed described in embodiment one, and the method comprises the following steps:
Laser beam is divided into two bundles by step one, coupling mechanism 2, and wherein beam of laser is modulated into probe light by probe light intensity modulator IM1, and another beam of laser is modulated into pump light by pump light intensities modulator IM2,
The radiofrequency signal of the modulated terminal input of probe light intensity modulator IM1 is the wave train of N number of frequency step change
Wherein: f
m0for the original frequency of the wave train, f
sfor number of frequency steps, T is arbitrary frequency sweep cycle,
for rounding, t is the time;
The beam of laser of input is modulated into probe light f by probe light intensity modulator IM1
tzg(t)=f
0-2f
m(t),
Wherein: f
0for the frequency of the beam of laser of input;
Described pump light is the pulsed light that the pulse being T by N number of cycle forms,
Step 2, the light exported by probe light intensity modulator IM1 modulation leach second order lower side frequency signal as probe light by fiber grating;
Step 3, described probe light and described pump light are interacted by stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured, and polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured exports the probe light amplified;
Step 4, when after the scanning completing a frequency sweep cycle T, obtain the brillouin gain spectrum in each spatial point on the polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured 3 under this frequency state;
Step 5, according to Brillouin shift ν
bwith the linear functional relation ν of strain stress
b=ν
b0+ C
sε, completes the measurement of the strain of polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured under this frequency state,
Wherein, ν
b0without Brillouin shift during strain, C
sit is the coefficient of strain.
We's ratio juris:
In this method, probe light is continuous light, and pump light is pulsed light, utilizes frequency agile techniques, achieves the frequency Fast transforms to probe light.By measuring the change information of the intensity time of the probe light under each frequency state, just can push away the brillouin gain information of each spatial point under this frequency state on polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured that draws, after completing a frequency sweep cycle, just can obtain the brillouin gain spectrum in each spatial point on polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured; Utilize measured physical quantity (strain) and the relation of Brillouin shift, just can record the strain on polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured.When frequency-scan speed is much larger than STRESS VARIATION speed, the data measured by a frequency sweeping are transient data.By doing sampled measurements to the measured signal in the time to be measured, the dynamic-change information of measured signal just can be recorded.
The wave train of N number of frequency step change is input to the modulated terminal of probe light intensity modulator IM1, the beam of laser of probe light intensity modulator IM1 to input carries out frequency translation, the probe light that probe light intensity modulator IM1 is exported does step-type scanning within the specific limits, and its scanning step is 2f
s.
The probe light exported after modulating via probe light intensity modulator IM1 and pump light intensities modulator IM2 and sequential form according to Fig. 1 of pump light set.The highest frequency of the signal that the method can record is:
Frequency range as radiofrequency signal is 5.4GHz to 5.5GHz, number of frequency steps f
s=2MHz, then N=51, f
1=10.8GHz, f
2=11.0GHz ...If arbitrary frequency sweep cycle T is set as 1.4 μ s, meet above formula requirement.Completing the single pass time used is 71.4 μ s, and the sampling rate under this parameter reaches as high as 14kHz, namely can measure the Dynamic Signal that highest frequency is 7kHz.
Shown in Figure 3, be placed on two eccentric motors at polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured, and on polarization maintaining optical fibre 3 to be measured, place compacting object 8, recycling Fig. 2 shown device is measured.
By being handled as follows the probe light Wave data after the amplification utilizing data acquisition module 6 to record, the Brillouin shift of testing fiber each point can be obtained.Utilize Brillouin shift and the linear relationship treating sensing physical quantity-strain (Dynamic Signal), the numerical value of the Dynamic Signal of testing fiber each point can be recorded.
1) by the data (being frame data) after the amplification corresponding to single frequency sweeping temporally length be T intercept, be divided into N section.If every segment data count as L, then these data are divided into the matrix of N × L, if matrix is called A;
2) according to treating the linear functional relation of sensing physical quantity (strain) with brillouin gain spectrum, calculate the numerical value of the sensing physical quantity (stress) of each point on this frequency sweeping moment testing fiber, obtain matrix B, dimension is N × L, i.e. the data of this Dynamic Signal one frame.
3) for the data of frequency sweeping each time, do as above 1), 2) step operation, the data of all frames of Dynamic Signal to be measured can be obtained, thus complete the measurement to Dynamic Signal.
Claims (4)
1. dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment, it is characterized in that, it comprises laser instrument (1), coupling mechanism (2), polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3), Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4), adjustable optical attenuator (5), data acquisition module (6), first Polarization Controller PC1, second Polarization Controller PC2, 3rd Polarization Controller PC3, 4th Polarization Controller PC4, probe light intensity modulator IM1, pump light intensities modulator IM2, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG, first circulator R1, second circulator R2, first signal amplifier Amp1 and secondary signal amplifier Amp2,
The RF signal output of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of probe light intensity modulator IM1 by the first signal amplifier Amp1; The rectangular pulse signal output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the modulated terminal of pump light intensities modulator IM2 by secondary signal amplifier Amp2; The trigger pip output terminal of AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG is connected with the trigger end of data acquisition module (6);
The laser beam that laser instrument (1) sends is divided into two bundle laser by coupling mechanism (2);
Wherein beam of laser enters probe light intensity modulator IM1 through the first Polarization Controller PC1, the probe light that light intensity modulator IM1 modulates exports the A port of the first circulator R1 to, export from C port after the fiber grating reflection of the B port of the first circulator R1, the probe light that the C port of the first circulator R1 exports enters in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3) after the 3rd Polarization Controller PC3; Probe light intensity modulator IM1 is operated in single order side frequency suppression mode, the radio frequency signals drive of the frequency step sent by AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG change, produces second order frequency move injection laser;
Wherein another beam of laser enters pump light intensities modulator IM2 through the second Polarization Controller PC2, the pump light that pump light intensities modulator IM2 modulates exports the input end of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) to, the output terminal of Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifier (4) connects the input end of adjustable optical attenuator (5), the pump light that adjustable optical attenuator (5) exports enters from the C mouth of the second circulator R2, and export from A mouth, enter from another direction polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3);
In polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3), the probe light and the pump light generation Brillouin amplification that meet Brillouin scattering condition interact; Probe light through Brillouin amplification enters the A port of the second circulator R2, and exports data acquisition module (6) to from the B port of the second circulator R2.
2. dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, it also comprises the first direct supply DC1 and the second direct supply DC2,
First direct supply DC1 provides DC supply for probe light intensity modulator IM1;
Second direct supply DC2 provides DC supply for pump light intensities modulator IM2.
3. dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment according to claim 1, is characterized in that, AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) AWG adopts that Tek company produces, model to be the AWG (Arbitrary Waveform Generator) of 7122C.
4. carry out the method for strain measurement based on Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment dynamic distributed described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
Laser beam is divided into two bundles by step one, coupling mechanism (2), and wherein beam of laser is modulated into probe light by probe light intensity modulator IM1, and another beam of laser is modulated into pump light by pump light intensities modulator IM2,
The radiofrequency signal of the modulated terminal input of probe light intensity modulator IM1 is the wave train of N number of frequency step change
Wherein: f
m0for the original frequency of the wave train, f
sfor number of frequency steps, T is arbitrary frequency sweep cycle,
for rounding, t is the time;
The beam of laser of input is modulated into probe light f by probe light intensity modulator IM1
tzg(t)=f
0-2f
m(t),
Wherein: f
0for the frequency of the beam of laser of input;
Described pump light is the pulsed light that the pulse being T by N number of cycle forms,
Step 2, the light exported by probe light intensity modulator IM1 modulation leach second order lower side frequency signal as probe light by fiber grating;
Step 3, described probe light and described pump light are interacted by stimulated Brillouin scattering in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3), and polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3) exports the probe light amplified;
Step 4, when after the scanning completing a frequency sweep cycle T, obtain the brillouin gain spectrum in polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3) under this frequency state each spatial point upper, and shown by data acquisition module (6);
Step 5, according to Brillouin shift ν
bwith the linear functional relation ν of strain stress
b=ν
b0+ C
sε, completes the measurement of polarization maintaining optical fibre to be measured (3) strain under this frequency state,
Wherein, ν
b0without Brillouin shift during strain, C
sit is the coefficient of strain.
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| CN104677396B (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2017-05-10 | 广西师范大学 | Dynamic distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensing device and method |
| CN104964698A (en) * | 2015-04-28 | 2015-10-07 | 南昌航空大学 | Pulse optical signal generation method used for Brillouin optical time domain reflectometer (BOTDR) sensing system |
| CN104977030B (en) * | 2015-06-04 | 2017-10-03 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The dynamic distributed Brillouin sensing device and method of optics frequency agility technology based on any ripple of low frequency |
| CN105004459B (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-06-20 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | The distributed transverse pressure sensor of high sensitivity and the method that transverse pressure is measured using the sensor |
| CN105675032B (en) * | 2016-02-19 | 2018-04-24 | 鞍山睿科光电技术有限公司 | Real-time dynamic distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment and method |
| CN106441447B (en) * | 2016-11-15 | 2018-12-11 | 太原理工大学 | Distributed optical fiber sensing system based on chaos Brillouin's dynamic raster |
| CN106643544A (en) * | 2017-02-23 | 2017-05-10 | 鞍山睿科光电技术有限公司 | Temperature sensitivity enhanced type distributed Brillouin optical fiber sensor |
| CN109883458B (en) * | 2017-12-06 | 2021-09-17 | 北京齐瑞德光电科技有限公司 | Brillouin sensing system adopting optical microwave frequency discriminator and polarization scrambler |
| CN108106643B (en) * | 2017-12-15 | 2020-07-17 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Ultrafast distributed Brillouin optical time domain analyzer based on optical chirp chain |
| CN108917804A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2018-11-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Quick long-distance distributed Brillouin light fiber sensing equipment based on chirp chain |
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