CN103335596A - Tunnel convergence displacement and arch crown settlement measuring device and measuring method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a tunnel convergence displacement and arch crown settlement measuring device and measuring method. The measuring device is mounted on a tunnel wall and comprises an alignment device fixedly mounted on the tunnel wall, a laser distance measuring sensor mounted on the alignment device and a reflector mounted on a measuring point on the tunnel wall. The alignment device comprises a base, a ball socket is arranged in the base and is in spherical fit with a ball head rotor; the ball head rotor is fixedly connected with the laser distance measuring sensor; a locking device is arranged between the ball socket and the ball head rotor. The base is fixedly mounted on the tunnel wall through an expansion screw; the thread at one end part of the expansion screw is shorter than a threaded hole in the base of the alignment device. The measuring device further comprises an external triggering line and an external triggering button which are connected with the laser distance measuring sensor. Only one measuring device is needed to finish the convergence displacement and arch crown settlement measurement of an entire tunnel; the measurement result is accurate; the requirements of multiple measuring lines, high frequency and big total quantity of tunnel convergence monitoring are met.

Description

The measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation and measuring method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of relative displacement measurement mechanism and measuring method of monitoring hole walls such as tunnel and underground works and structure, particularly relate to a kind of device and method of measuring tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation.

Background technology

In constructing tunnel and the operation maintenance process, by the measurement to tunnel perimeter headroom change in size, namely to the measurement of tunnel perimeter convergence displacement, can judge tunnel surrounding or stability of structure in ocular and clear ground.Therefore, the convergence displacement is the routine monitoring project in the tunnel monitoring, and convergence gauge and spirit-leveling instrument are the topmost instruments of monitoring tunnel convergence displacement.

Tunnel perimeter convergence displacement monitoring mainly adopts bar chi formula convergence gauge or string formula convergence gauge, namely at the fixing trip of tunnel measuring point, during measurement convergence gauge is hung on the measuring point trip, reads the distance between the measuring point.This traditional convergence gauge all is the contact convergence gauge, and the structure more complicated needs comparatively loaded down with trivial details installation process in the measurement, and the error that installation process produces will cause measuring accuracy not guarantee.The convergence gauge that is suspended on the tunnel perimeter measuring point in the observation process also can influence normal construction operation in the tunnel.Reading again after traditional convergence gauge need be strained so need just can monitor, has influenced the promptness of layouting after sprayed concrete strength forms, cause the partial loss of convergence displacement monitoring value.

What vault sedimentation traditional monitoring in tunnel was adopted is spirit-leveling instrument.During measurement spirit-leveling instrument is hung on the vault measuring point trip, carry out high level again and measure.Vault measuring point higher (more than 6 meters) hangs very difficultly, and the scale that is suspended on tunnel vault measuring point in the observation process also can influence normal construction operation in the tunnel.

Also have both at home and abroad some researchs based on the tunnel convergence displacement measurement of laser distance measuring principle, the device that these researchs relate to has complicated structure, perhaps bigger size.In whole monitoring periods, all need the stationary installation of laser range sensor is installed on the tunnel wall, be easy to be subjected to blasting vibration or mechanical collision, thereby influence monitoring accuracy, even may make measurement mechanism be broken.In addition, the laser range sensor that has is owing to limit by the structure of stationary installation, the installation position of measuring point and instrument is equipped with particular requirement, otherwise the Laser emission end can't be aimed at impact point to be measured.

Carry out the method for tunnel perimeter convergence displacement measurement with existing convergence gauge or laser range sensor, all need to install convergence gauge or corresponding laser range finder stationary installation on the every survey line, consumption is big, and the expense height can't satisfy the requirement that tunnel convergence monitoring survey line is many, the frequency is high, total amount is big.

Summary of the invention

The shortcoming of prior art in view of the above, the technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of measurement mechanism and measuring method of only utilizing a laser range sensor can accurately measure convergence horizontal shift and the vault sedimentation in whole tunnel.

For realizing above-mentioned technical matters, the invention provides the measurement mechanism of a kind of tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation, be installed on the tunnel wall, comprise: be fixedly installed in alignment device on the described tunnel wall, be installed in the laser range sensor on the described alignment device and be installed on the reflecting piece of described tunnel wall measuring point; Described alignment device comprises a pedestal, is provided with a ball-and-socket in the described pedestal, and described ball-and-socket cooperates with a bulb rotor sphere, and described bulb rotor is fixedlyed connected with described laser range sensor, is provided with locking device between described ball-and-socket and the described bulb rotor.

Preferably, on the described bulb rotor screw is arranged fixedly, between described laser range sensor and the described bulb rotor for being threaded.

Further preferably, described laser range sensor bottom is provided with threaded hole, the length that is shorter in length than described threaded hole of described screw.

Preferably, described locking device is the lock-screw that is installed on the described pedestal, and the head of described lock-screw exposes to described pedestal, and the afterbody of described lock-screw gos deep in the described ball-and-socket.

Preferably, described pedestal is fixed on the described tunnel wall by a setscrew.

Further preferably, the end of described setscrew is provided with screw thread, and described pedestal is provided with the threaded hole with described threaded engagement, the length that is shorter in length than described threaded hole of described screw thread.

Preferably, the measurement mechanism of described tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation also comprises external triggering line and the external trigger button that is connected in described laser range sensor.

The present invention also provides a kind of measuring method that adopts the measurement mechanism of described tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation, comprises the method for measuring tunnel vault settling amount:

Choose three measuring points at described tunnel wall: A point, B point and C point, wherein, described A point is positioned at the vault place of described tunnel wall, and described B point and described C point lay respectively on the left and right sides abutment wall of described tunnel wall;

At described A point and described C point described reflecting piece is installed, at described B point described alignment device and described laser range sensor is installed, measure the length l on AB, BC limit respectively _AB, l _BC

At described B point described reflecting piece is installed, at described C point described alignment device and described laser range sensor is installed, measure the length l on AC limit _AC

Measure the absolute altitude y that described B point and described C are ordered with spirit-leveling instrument _BAnd y _C, calculate the relative relief Δ y that described C point and described B are ordered _CB, Δ y _CB=| y _C-y _B|;

Be datum mark with described B point;

Before the tunnel subsidence distortion, calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _AB,

Δy _AB＝l _ABsin(β-γ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\γ}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\Δy}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\β}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{l_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AB}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

After the tunnel subsidence distortion, the position that described A point, described B point and described C are ordered becomes A ' point, B ' and C ' point respectively, measures the length l of three limit A ' B ', B ' C ' and A ' C ' respectively with described laser range sensor _{A ' B '}, l _{B ' C '}, l _{A ' C '}, measure and absolute altitude y at described B ' at described C ' with described spirit-leveling instrument _{B '}And y _{C '}, calculate described C ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to described B ' _{C ' B '}And the described B absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering _B, wherein, Δ y _{C ' B '}=| y _{C '}-y _{B '}|, Δ h _B=| y _{B '}-y _B|;

Described A ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described B ' behind the calculating tunnel subsidence _{A ' B '}, be considered as same point with described B ' with described B point,

Δy _A′B′＝l _A′B′sin(β′-γ′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\γ}}^{\′}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\Δy}}_{C^{\′}{B}^{\′}}}{l_{B^{\′}{C}^{\′}}}$

${\mathrm{\β}}^{\′}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\′}{B}^{\′}}}^2+{l_{B^{\′}{C}^{\′}}}^2-{l_{A^{\′}{C}^{\′}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\′}{B}^{\′}}{l}_{B^{\′}{C}^{\′}}}\right)$

The discrepancy in elevation Δ y of ordering with respect to described B according to described A point before the tunnel subsidence _ABWith described A ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described B ' _{A ' B '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _AB, Δ h _AB=| Δ y _{A ' B '}-Δ y _AB|;

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described B according to described A point _ABThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described B _B, the absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with described B point _AB, h _AB=Δ h _AB+ Δ h _B

Preferably, for reducing error, can also described C point be datum mark;

Calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that the preceding described A point of tunnel subsidence is ordered with respect to described C _AC,

Δy _AC＝l _ACsin(α-θ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\θ}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\Δy}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; AB"\; filenames="HDA00003411864000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AC}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

Behind the tunnel subsidence, the position that described A point, described B point and described C are ordered becomes A ' ' point, B ' ' and C ' ' point, measures the length l of three limit A ' ' B ' ', B ' ' C ' ' and A ' ' C ' ' respectively with described laser range sensor _{A ' ' B ' '}, l _{B ' ' C ' '}, l _{A ' ' C ' '}, measure and absolute altitude y at described C ' ' at described B ' ' with described spirit-leveling instrument _{C ' '}And y _{B ' '}, calculate described C ' ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to described B ' ' _{C ' ' B ' '}The absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described C _C, wherein, Δ y _{C ' ' B ' '}=| y _{C ' '}-y _{B ' '}|, Δ h _C=| y _{C ' '}-y _C|;

A ' ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to C ' ' behind the calculating tunnel subsidence _{A ' ' C ' '},

Δy _{A′′C′′}＝l _{A′′C′′}sin(α′′-θ′′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&theta;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{C^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2+{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2-{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{l}_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}\right)$

Be considered as same point with described C ' ' with described C point, the discrepancy in elevation Δ y of ordering with respect to described C according to described A point before the tunnel subsidence _ACWith described A ' ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described C ' ' _{A ' ' C ' '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described C _AC, Δ h _AC=| Δ y _{A ' ' C ' '}-Δ y _AC|;

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described C according to described A point _ACThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described C _CThe absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was benchmark with described C point _AC, h _AC=Δ h _AC+ Δ h _C

Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _ABThe relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described C with described A point _ACMean value;

The absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with described B point _ABThe absolute settlement amount h that described A is ordered when being datum mark with described C point _ACMean value.

Preferably, the measuring method of the measurement mechanism of the described tunnel convergence displacement of employing provided by the invention also comprises the method for measuring the tunnel convergence displacement: the length l of measuring described BC limit with described laser range sensor according to survey frequency _BC, each measured value is described tunnel convergence shift value with the difference of first measured value.

As mentioned above, measurement mechanism and the measuring method of tunnel convergence displacement of the present invention and vault sedimentation have following beneficial effect:

1. in daily most of monitoring, only need a measurement mechanism just can finish the vault sedimentation in whole tunnel and the measurement of convergence horizontal shift, measurement result is accurate, has satisfied tunnel wall horizontal shift and vault settlement monitoring survey line is many, the frequency is high, total amount is big requirement;

2. laser range sensor is installed on the measuring point of tunnel wall by a dismountable alignment device, can take off alignment device and laser range sensor from the tunnel wall in the time of need not measuring, and can install and measure at any time, avoids measurement mechanism to be damaged;

3. after laser range sensor is attached on the alignment device, can adjust the angle of Laser emission arbitrarily by the roating sphere head rotor, realize the accurate alignment of survey line between measuring point;

4. the length that is shorter in length than the threaded hole that cooperates with it on the pedestal of setscrew end thread makes the alignment device be threaded into same position at every turn, has guaranteed the alignment accuracy;

5. when measuring the vault sedimentation in tunnel, need not measurement mechanism is installed to vault place, tunnel, measuring method is simple, the accuracy height;

6. constitute point between the ball-and-socket of alignment device and the bulb rotor and contact, solved traditional convergence gauge or laser range sensor effectively problems such as measurement result poor stability that the back causes owing to surveying instrument contacts with face between the stationary installation and poor repeatability are installed;

7. laser range sensor has external triggering line and external trigger button, the big measuring error of having avoided the direct contact type button to cause.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is shown as the synoptic diagram of the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement of the present invention and vault sedimentation.

Fig. 2 is shown as the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is shown as the principle schematic of measuring the method for vault sedimentation when the present invention is datum mark with measuring point B.

Fig. 4 is shown as the principle schematic of measuring the method for vault sedimentation when the present invention is datum mark with measuring point C.

Embodiment

Below by specific instantiation explanation embodiments of the present invention, those skilled in the art can understand other advantages of the present invention and effect easily by the disclosed content of this instructions.The present invention can also be implemented or be used by other different embodiment, and the every details in this instructions also can be based on different viewpoints and application, carries out various modifications or change under the spirit of the present invention not deviating from.

See also Fig. 1 to Fig. 4.Need to prove, the diagram that provides in the present embodiment only illustrates basic conception of the present invention in a schematic way, satisfy only show in graphic with the present invention in relevant assembly but not component count, shape and size drafting when implementing according to reality, kenel, quantity and the ratio of each assembly can be a kind of random change during its actual enforcement, and its assembly layout kenel also may be more complicated.

As shown in Figure 1, be shown as the synoptic diagram of the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement of the present invention and vault sedimentation, this measurement mechanism comprises the alignment device 2 that is fixedly installed on the tunnel wall 1, be installed in the laser range sensor 3 on the alignment device 2 and be installed on the reflecting piece 4 of tunnel wall 1 measuring point.Fig. 2 is the partial enlarged drawing of Fig. 1, as shown in Figure 2, alignment device 2 comprises a pedestal 21, be provided with a ball-and-socket 211 in the pedestal 21, ball-and-socket 211 cooperates with a bulb rotor 212 spheres, bulb rotor 212 is fixedlyed connected with laser range sensor 3, is provided with locking device 5 between ball-and-socket 211 and the bulb rotor 212.

Screw 2121 is fixedly arranged on the bulb rotor 212, and laser range sensor 3 is provided with the threaded hole 31 that can cooperate with the screw 2121 on the bulb rotor 212, the length that is shorter in length than threaded hole 31 of screw 2121.When laser range sensor 3 is installed, can both be screwed into same fixed position at every turn.In embodiment, locking device 5 is for being installed in the lock-screw 51 on the pedestal 21, and the head 511 of lock-screw 51 exposes to pedestal 21, and the afterbody 512 of lock-screw 51 is deep in the ball-and-socket 211.Pedestal 21 is fixed on the tunnel wall 1 by a setscrew 6, setscrew 6 ends are exposed with screw thread 61 length of tunnel wall 1 and are fixed, and it is shorter in length than the length of the threaded hole 213 that cooperates with it on the pedestal 21, make pedestal 21 be installed to same fixed position at every turn, therefore have higher alignment precision.

When using the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement provided by the invention and vault sedimentation to restrain displacement measurement, position according to the selected tested point of the convergence survey line in the tunnel monitoring section, setscrew 6 is installed at a tested point place therein, tunnel wall 1 leveling at other tested point places is arranged reflecting piece 4, make reflective surface as far as possible perpendicular to survey line.The alignment device 2 that is connected with laser range sensor 3 is screwed on the setscrew 6 that is fixed on the tunnel wall 1, can adjusts the angle of Laser emission arbitrarily by roating sphere head rotor 212, realize the accurate alignment of survey line between measuring point.After laser spots being sighted the central authorities of tested point place reflecting piece 4, the head 511 of rotational lock screw 51 makes the afterbody 512 of lock-screw 51 be deep into ball-and-socket 211 inside and holds out against bulb rotor 212, thus the position of locking laser range sensor 3.Contact owing to constitute point between ball-and-socket 211 and the bulb rotor 212, contact problems such as the measurement result poor stability that causes and poor repeatability after having solved traditional convergence gauge or laser range sensor effectively and installing owing to surveying instrument with face between the stationary installation.

When not needing to measure, can take off alignment device 2 and laser range sensor 3 from tunnel wall 1, and when needing, then can install and measure at any time, not influence the tunnel normal construction, also can avoid measurement mechanism to be damaged.The measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation and measuring method also comprise external triggering line and the external trigger button that is connected in laser range sensor 3, can eliminate the measuring error that causes when the button with the flip flop equipment of laser range sensor 3 direct contact types.When the laser spots of laser range sensor 3 is sighted tested point place reflecting piece 4 central, press external trigger button record reading.3 pairs of measurement results of laser range sensor have numbering memory function and clock timing function, and enough internal memories are arranged, and data-interface can be with the data importing computer, and data resolution is 0.1mm.

When measuring tunnel vault sedimentation, if the method that adopts traditional spirit-leveling instrument to measure because vault is higher apart from ground, be unfavorable for the suspension of scale, and measuring accuracy can be affected also.The measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement provided by the invention and vault sedimentation need not to hang measurement mechanism at the tunnel vault, and only needs a cover measurement mechanism can finish the surveying work of whole tunnel vault settling amount.

Measuring method is as follows:

Arrange in the tunnel that by the leg-of-mutton survey line of vault the sedimentation value at the survey line end points place of measuring in conjunction with spirit-leveling instrument, base is measured the settling amount of tunnel vault.As shown in Figure 3, choose three measuring points at tunnel wall 1: A point, B point and C point, wherein, the A point is positioned at the vault place of tunnel wall 1, and B point and C point lay respectively on the left and right sides abutment wall of tunnel wall 1.

Paste reflecting piece 4 at A point and C point, at B point installing setscrew 6, at setscrew 6 alignment device 2 and laser range sensor 3 are installed, measure the length l on AB, BC limit with laser range sensor 3 respectively _AB, l _BC

At the C point installing setscrew 6, alignment device 2 and laser range sensor 3 are installed, are measured the length l on AC limit _AC

Measure the absolute altitude y that B point and C are ordered with spirit-leveling instrument _BAnd y _C, calculate the relative relief Δ y that C point and B are ordered _CB, Δ y _CB=| y _C-y _B|.

Be datum mark with the B point:

Before the tunnel deformation, calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that the preceding A point of tunnel subsidence is ordered with respect to B _AB,

Δy _AB＝l _ABsin(β-γ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\&gamma;}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\&beta;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; AB"\; filenames="HDA00003411864000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; AC"\; filenames="HDA00003411864000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AB}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

In the formula: γ is the initial angle of BC limit and transverse axis; β is the initial angle on BC limit and AB limit.

Behind the tunnel deformation, the position that A point, B point and C are ordered becomes A ' point, B ' and C ' point respectively, measures the length l of three limit A ' B ', B ' C ' and A ' C ' respectively with laser range sensor 3 _{A ' B '}, l _{B ' C '}, l _{A ' C '}, measure and absolute altitude y at B ' at C ' with spirit-leveling instrument _{B '}And y _{C '}, calculate C ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to B ' _{C ' B '}The absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with B _B, wherein, Δ y _{C ' B '}=| y _{C '}-y _{B '}|, Δ h _B=| y _{B '}-y _B|.

Triangle Δ A ' B ' C ' is moved to the B point to triangle Δ ABC overlap with B ', B point and B ' are considered as same point, calculate A ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to B ' behind the tunnel subsidence _{A ' B '},

Δy _A′B′＝l _A′B′sin(β′-γ′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&gamma;}}^{\&prime;}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{C^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}}{l_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}$

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}^{\&prime;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}}^2+{l_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}^2-{l_{A^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}{l}_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}\right)$

In the formula: γ ' is the angle of B ' C ' limit and transverse axis; β ' is the angle on distortion B ' C ' limit, back and A ' B ' limit.

Be out of shape the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that preceding A point is ordered with respect to B according to tunnel subsidence _ABWith A ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to B ' _{A ' B '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that the A point is ordered with respect to B _AB, Δ h _AB=| Δ y _{A ' B '}-Δ y _AB|.

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to B according to the A point _ABThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with B _B, the absolute settlement amount h that A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with the B point _AB, h _AB=Δ h _AB+ Δ h _B

In order to reduce measuring error, can be datum mark with the C point more also, obtain the settling amount Δ h that the A point is ordered with respect to C _ACConcrete grammar is as follows, as shown in Figure 4:

Paste reflecting piece 4 at the C point, at B point installing setscrew 6, alignment device 2 and laser range sensor 3 are installed on the setscrew 6.When being reference point with the B point, recorded the absolute altitude y that the length of side, B point and the C on each limit of triangle Δ ABC ordered before the tunnel subsidence _BAnd y _C, C point and the B relative relief Δ y of ordering _CB=| y _C-y _B|, calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that the preceding A point of tunnel subsidence is ordered with respect to C on this basis _AC,

Δy _AC＝l _CAsin(α-θ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\&theta;}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; AC"\; filenames="HDA00003411864000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="l\; AB"\; filenames="HDA00003411864000011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">l</figure-callout>}}_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AC}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

In the formula: θ is the initial angle of BC limit and transverse axis; α is the initial angle on BC limit and AC limit.

After the tunnel subsidence distortion, the position that A point, B point and C are ordered becomes A ' ' point, B ' ' and C ' ' point, measures the length l of three limit A ' ' B ' ', B ' ' C ' ' and A ' ' C ' ' respectively with laser range sensor 3 _{A ' ' B ' '}, l _{B ' ' C ' '}, l _{A ' ' C ' '}, measure and absolute altitude y at C ' ' at B ' ' with spirit-leveling instrument _{C ' '}And y _{B ' '}, calculate C ' ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to B ' ' _{B ' ' C ' '}The absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with C _C, wherein, Δ y _{C ' ' B ' '}=| y _{C ' '}-y _{B ' '}|, Δ h _C=| y _{C ' '}-y _C|;

Calculate tunnel subsidence distortion A ' ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to C ' ' in back _{A ' ' C ' '},

Δy _{A′′C′′}＝l _{A′′C′′}sin(α′′-θ′′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&theta;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{C^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2+{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2-{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{l}_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}\right)$

In the formula: θ ' ' is the angle of tunnel subsidence distortion B ' ' C ' ' limit, back and transverse axis; α ' ' is the angle on B ' ' C ' ' limit and A ' ' C ' ' limit behind the tunnel subsidence.

Triangle Δ A ' ' B ' ' C ' ' is moved at C ' ' to triangle Δ ABC overlap with the C point, be considered as same point with C ' ' with the C point, the discrepancy in elevation Δ y of ordering with respect to C according to A point before the tunnel subsidence _ACWith A ' ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to C ' ' _{A ' ' C ' '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that the A point is ordered with respect to C _AC, Δ h _AC=| Δ y _{A ' ' C ' '}-Δ y _AC|.

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to C according to the A point _ACThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with C _C, calculate the absolute settlement amount h that A is ordered when being benchmark with the C point _AC, h _AC=Δ h _AC+ Δ h _C

Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that the A point is ordered with respect to B _ABThe relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to C with the A point _ACMean value.

The absolute settlement amount h that A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with the B point _ABThe absolute settlement amount h that A is ordered when being datum mark with the C point _ACMean value.

In rock tunnel, the absolute settlement amount Δ h that B point and C are ordered _BWith Δ h _CAll smaller, so do not need all to measure at every turn, can after surveying certain hour, measure once, as a means of correction.

The method of using the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement provided by the invention and vault sedimentation to measure also comprises the method for measuring the tunnel convergence displacement: install setscrew 6 at B point, at setscrew 6 alignment device 2 and laser range sensor 3 are installed, are measured the length l on BC limit with laser range sensor 3 according to survey frequency _BC, each measured value is hole, tunnel week convergence shift value with the difference of first measured value.Survey frequency is generally once a day.

In sum, the present invention has effectively overcome various shortcoming of the prior art and the tool high industrial utilization.

Above-described embodiment is illustrative principle of the present invention and effect thereof only, but not is used for restriction the present invention.Any person skilled in the art scholar all can be under spirit of the present invention and category, and above-described embodiment is modified or changed.Therefore, have in the technical field under such as and know that usually the knowledgeable modifies or changes not breaking away from all equivalences of finishing under disclosed spirit and the technological thought, must be contained by claim of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. the measurement mechanism of a tunnel convergence displacement and vault sedimentation, be installed on the tunnel wall (1), it is characterized in that, comprising: be fixedly installed in alignment device (2) on the described tunnel wall (1), be installed in the laser range sensor (3) on the described alignment device (2) and be installed on the reflecting piece (4) of described tunnel wall (1) measuring point; Described alignment device (2) comprises a pedestal (21), be provided with a ball-and-socket (211) in the described pedestal, described ball-and-socket (211) cooperates with bulb rotor (a 212) sphere, described bulb rotor (212) is fixedlyed connected with described laser range sensor (3), is provided with locking device (5) between described ball-and-socket (211) and the described bulb rotor (212).

2. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 1 and vault sedimentation, it is characterized in that: described bulb rotor (212) is gone up fixedly screw (2121), between described laser range sensor (3) and the described bulb rotor (212) for being threaded.

3. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 2 and vault sedimentation, it is characterized in that: described laser range sensor (3) bottom is provided with threaded hole (31), the length that is shorter in length than described threaded hole (31) of described screw (2121).

4. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 1 and vault sedimentation, it is characterized in that: described locking device (5) is for being installed in the lock-screw (51) on the described pedestal (21), the head (511) of described lock-screw (51) exposes to described pedestal (21), and the afterbody (512) of described lock-screw (51) gos deep in the described ball-and-socket (211).

5. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 1 and vault sedimentation, it is characterized in that: described pedestal (21) is fixed on the described tunnel wall (1) by a setscrew (6).

6. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 5 and vault sedimentation, it is characterized in that: the end of described setscrew (6) is provided with screw thread (61), described pedestal (21) is provided with the threaded hole (213) that cooperates with described screw thread (61), the length that is shorter in length than described threaded hole (213) of described screw thread (61).

7. the measurement mechanism of tunnel convergence displacement according to claim 1 and vault sedimentation is characterized in that, also comprises: the external triggering line and the external trigger button that are connected in described laser range sensor (3).

8. a measuring method that adopts the measurement mechanism of the described tunnel convergence displacement of claim 1 and vault sedimentation is characterized in that, comprises the method for measuring tunnel vault settling amount:

Choose three measuring points at described tunnel wall (1): A point, B point and C point, wherein, described A point is positioned at the vault place of described tunnel wall (1), and described B point and described C point lay respectively on the left and right sides abutment wall of described tunnel wall (1);

At described A point and described C point described reflecting piece (4) is installed, at described B point described alignment device (2) and described laser range sensor (3) is installed, measure the length l on AB, BC limit respectively _AB, l _BC

At described B point described reflecting piece (4) is installed, at described C point described alignment device (2) and described laser range sensor (3) is installed, measure the length l on AC limit _AC

Measure the absolute altitude y that described B point and described C are ordered with spirit-leveling instrument _BAnd y _C, calculate the relative relief Δ y that described C point and described B are ordered _CB, Δ y _CB=| y _C-y _B|;

Be datum mark with described B point;

Before the tunnel subsidence distortion, calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _AB,

Δy _AB＝l _ABsin(β-γ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\&gamma;}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\&beta;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{l_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AB}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

After the tunnel subsidence distortion, the position that described A point, described B point and described C are ordered becomes A ' point, B ' and C ' point respectively, measures the length l of three limit A ' B ', B ' C ' and A ' C ' respectively with described laser range sensor (3) _{A ' B '}, l _{B ' C '}, l _{A ' C '}, measure and absolute altitude y at described B ' at described C ' with described spirit-leveling instrument _{B '}And y _{C '}, calculate described C ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to described B ' _{C ' B '}And the described B absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering _B, wherein, Δ y _{C ' B '}=| y _{C '}-y _{B '}|, Δ h _B=| y _{B '}-y _B|;

Described A ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described B ' behind the calculating tunnel subsidence _{A ' B '}, be considered as same point with described B ' with described B point,

Δy _A′B′＝l _A′B′sin(β′-γ′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&gamma;}}^{\&prime;}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{C^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}}{l_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}$

${\mathrm{\&beta;}}^{\&prime;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}}^2+{l_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}^2-{l_{A^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;}}{l}_{B^{\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;}}}\right)$

The discrepancy in elevation Δ y of ordering with respect to described B according to described A point before the tunnel subsidence _ABWith described A ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described B ' _{A ' B '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _AB, Δ h _AB=| Δ y _{A ' B '}-Δ y _AB|;

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described B according to described A point _ABThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described B _B, the absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with described B point _AB, h _AB=Δ h _AB+ Δ h _B

9. measuring method according to claim 8 is characterized in that:

Be datum mark with described C point;

Calculate the discrepancy in elevation Δ y that the preceding described A point of tunnel subsidence is ordered with respect to described C _AC,

Δy _AC＝l _ACsin(α-θ)

Wherein: $\mathrm{\&theta;}=-\arcsin =\frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{\mathrm{CB}}}{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}$

$\mathrm{\&alpha;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{\mathrm{AC}}}^2+{l_{\mathrm{BC}}}^2-{l_{\mathrm{AB}}}^2}{{2l}_{\mathrm{AC}}{l}_{\mathrm{BC}}}\right)$

Behind the tunnel subsidence, the position that described A point, described B point and described C are ordered becomes A ' ' point, B ' ' and C ' ' point, measures the length l of three limit A ' ' B ' ', B ' ' C ' ' and A ' ' C ' ' respectively with described laser range sensor (3) _{A ' ' B ' '}, l _{B ' ' C ' '}, l _{A ' ' C ' '}, measure and absolute altitude y at described C ' ' at described B ' ' with described spirit-leveling instrument _{C ' '}And y _{B ' '}, calculate described C ' ' some relative relief Δ y with respect to described B ' ' _{C ' ' B ' '}The absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described C _C, wherein, Δ y _{C ' ' B ' '}=| y _{C ' '}-y _{B ' '}|, Δ h _C=| y _{C ' '}-y _C|;

A ' ' some discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to C ' ' behind the calculating tunnel subsidence _{A ' ' C ' '},

Δy _{A′′C′′}＝l _{A′′C′′}sin(α′′-θ′′)

Wherein: ${\mathrm{\&theta;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=-\arcsin \frac{{\mathrm{\&Delta;y}}_{C^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}$

${\mathrm{\&alpha;}}^{\&prime;\&prime;}=\arccos \left(\frac{{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2+{l_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2-{l_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{B}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}^2}{{2l}_{A^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}{l}_{B^{\&prime;\&prime;}{C}^{\&prime;\&prime;}}}\right)$

Be considered as same point with described C ' ' with described C point, the discrepancy in elevation Δ y of ordering with respect to described C according to described A point before the tunnel subsidence _ACWith described A ' ' behind the tunnel subsidence the discrepancy in elevation Δ y with respect to described C ' ' _{A ' ' C ' '}Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described C _AC, Δ h _AC=| Δ y _{A ' ' C ' '}-Δ y _AC|;

The relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described C according to described A point _ACThe absolute settlement amount Δ h of ordering with described C _CThe absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was benchmark with described C point _AC, h _AC=Δ h _AC+ Δ h _C

Calculate the relative settlement amount Δ h that described A point is ordered with respect to described B _ABThe relative settlement amount Δ h of ordering with respect to described C with described A point _ACMean value;

The absolute settlement amount h that described A was ordered when calculating was datum mark with described B point _ABThe absolute settlement amount h that described A is ordered when being datum mark with described C point _ACMean value.

10. according to Claim 8 or 9 described measuring methods, it is characterized in that, also comprise the method for measuring the tunnel convergence displacement:

Measure the length l on described BC limit according to survey frequency with described laser range sensor (3) _BC, each measured value is described tunnel convergence shift value with the difference of first measured value.

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