CN105066949A - Roadway spatial deformation measuring device and measuring method based on device - Google Patents
Roadway spatial deformation measuring device and measuring method based on device Download PDFInfo
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- CN105066949A CN105066949A CN201510579743.3A CN201510579743A CN105066949A CN 105066949 A CN105066949 A CN 105066949A CN 201510579743 A CN201510579743 A CN 201510579743A CN 105066949 A CN105066949 A CN 105066949A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
- G01B21/32—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring the deformation in a solid
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0011—Arrangements for eliminating or compensation of measuring errors due to temperature or weight
- G01B5/0014—Arrangements for eliminating or compensation of measuring errors due to temperature or weight due to temperature
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/30—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. mechanical strain gauge
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Abstract
The invention relates to a roadway spatial deformation measuring device and a measuring method based on the device, which belong to the technical field of rock mass mechanical parameter measurement, and aim to overcome the defect in the prior art that the accuracy rate of roadway spatial deformation measurement is low. The roadway spatial deformation measuring device comprises a base point fixing member, a perforated steel ruler and a host, wherein the perforated steel ruler and the host are of a detachable structure, the host comprises a hook, an adjusting nut, a data processing and display device, a three-dimensional compass, calipers, a rule hole pin and a ruler connecting frame, the base point fixing member comprises a first base point fixing member and a second base point fixing member, the perforated steel ruler is connected with the first base point fixing member through the hook, the perforated steel ruler is fixed to the ruler connecting frame via the calipers by inserting the ruler hole pin into a circular hole of the perforated steel ruler, the ruler connecting frame is connected with the three-dimensional compass, the three-dimensional compass is further connected with the data processing and display device, the data processing and display device comprises a control unit and a display unit, the data processing and display device is connected with the hook through the adjusting nut, and the hook is connected with the second base point fixing member. The roadway spatial deformation measuring device and the measuring method based on the device are suitable for measuring rock mass mechanical parameters.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass field of measuring technique, especially relate to monitoring space any two points relative displacement and the lane space deformation measuring device of angle and the measuring method based on this device.
Background technology
Tunnel is as the important transport channel in down-hole and work space, and its stability state directly has influence on the normal production of mine and the life security of workman.At present in underground works, because excavation operation destroys the original stress equilibrium state of rock mass, cause the displacement to a certain degree of country rock body, distortion and destruction; Secondly the stress of country rock body is in the process of dynamic change always, and the displacement of rock mass, distortion and Penetration Signature also change thereupon.Rock displacement and deformation data are the bases of Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass, and Obtaining Accurate rock displacement and deformation data are control Rock Slide Stabilities, guarantee the important leverage that engineering is carried out smoothly.
The measurement to the deformation displacement of key position and sedimentation of current tunnel, mine, underground works mainly adopts mechanical steel ruler formula convergence instrument.The calculating of this type of convergence instrument convergency value obtains based on twice pitch difference value before and after twice basic point.This kind equipment does not consider that two basic points there occurs skew on locus when measuring, and position angle and the inclination angle of basic point line change, and the result therefore at this moment utilizing convergence instrument to test is not proper.And not containing three-dimensional compass in existing measurement mechanism, cannot Measurement accuracy be carried out.In addition, traditional mechanical convergence instrument steel ruler moiety by weight is heavier, because gravity easily produces tenesmus in measuring process, and cannot guarantee its levelness, cause measured deviation.Therefore, need badly and a kind ofly effectively can improve the lane space deformation measuring device of measurement result accuracy and the measuring method based on this device.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is to overcome the shortcoming that in prior art, lane space distortion measurement deviation is large, accuracy rate is low, provides a kind of and accurately can accurately measure the device of lane space deformation and the measuring method based on this device.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is: lane space deformation measuring device, comprise basic point fixture, steel ruler with holes and main frame, steel ruler with holes and main frame are detachable structure, described main frame comprises hook, setting nut, data processing and display device, three-dimensional compass, slide calliper rule, chi hole pin and connection chi frame, described basic point fixture is used for the basic point location in the rock mass of tunnel, basic point fixture is provided with the web member for being connected with hook, basic point fixture comprises the first basic point fixture and the second basic point fixture, described steel ruler one end with holes is provided with hook, by hook, the web member of steel ruler with holes with the first basic point fixture is connected, described steel ruler with holes is evenly provided with several circular holes, by chi hole pin is inserted in circular hole, with chi card, steel ruler with holes one end with connection chi frame is fixed, the other end of connection chi frame is connected with three-dimensional compass, three-dimensional compass is connected with one end of data processing and display device, described data processing and display device comprise control module and display unit, display unit comprises the tension force window of display system tension force degree and the parameter window of display measurement parameter value that are positioned at data processing and display device surface, position line is shown in described tension force window, position line is some, sign chi is also provided with in tension force window, indicate chi and be provided with marking line, indicate chi to be connected with setting nut, during rotating adjusting nut, the marking line indicated on chi can move accordingly between position line, described test parameter value at least comprises digital display displacement, the value at position angle and inclination angle, the other end of data processing and display device is connected with one end of setting nut, the other end of setting nut is provided with hook, described hook is connected with the web member of the second basic point fixture.
Concrete, described web member is hook formation metal object, and its surface is coated with antirust coat.
Further, described data processing and the LED being also provided with battery in display device and be connected with battery, described LED is arranged at above display unit.
Preferably, data processing and display device also comprise reset unit and switch element, described reset unit and switch element are connected with control module, described data processing and display device surface are also provided with reset button and shift knob, and described reset button is connected with switch element with reset unit respectively with shift knob.
Further, this device also comprises the bracing frame for supporting steel ruler with holes.
Concrete, described tension force window comprises screen, and position line is positioned on the screen of tension force window, is provided with sign chi, also comprises spring below screen, and described setting nut is connected with sign chi by spring.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is the measuring method based on above-mentioned lane space deformation measuring device, comprises the following steps:
A. punch in lane space to be measured, determine two basic points, and at two basic point places, the first basic point fixture and the second basic point fixture are installed respectively;
B. steel ruler with holes is connected with the first basic point fixture by hook, the hook of the other end of setting nut is connected with the second basic point fixture, steel ruler is selected a circular hole insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection;
C. turn-on data process and display device, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be positioned at ad-hoc location;
D. the value at monitoring record digital display displacement, position angle and inclination angle, if the value of digital display displacement exceedes the length of tolerance journey, then enters step e, if do not exceed, then directly enters step F, the spacing of adjacent circular holes on the length steel ruler with holes of described tolerance journey;
E. chi card is opened, take off chi hole pin, draw steel ruler with holes in, select the circular hole that current circular hole closes on, insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection, enters step D;
F. record the initial value of two basic points, described initial value comprises initial steel ruler reading L
0, initial digital display displacement value D
0, initial orientation angle value α
0and the value of initial tilt
and measure the azimuth angle alpha that direction is moved towards in tunnel, its measuring process is: by two hooks are connected two basic point fixtures respectively, namely the tunnel side wall surface by two basic point places is placed, read directional reading when keeping left side wall surface and right side wall respectively, the mean value of left and right sides reading sum is moved towards the azimuth angle alpha in direction as tunnel;
G., after lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L
n, n-th digital display reading D
n, n-th directional reading α
nand n-th tilt readings
n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, utilizes following formulae discovery deformation values, wherein, and S
xrepresent x direction shift value; S
yrepresent y direction shift value; S
zrepresent z direction shift value, D represents global displacement value,
H. test is completed, dismounting lane space deformation measuring device.
Preferably, the ad-hoc location in step C is the center that marking line is positioned at both sides position line.
Concrete, described step F comprises to be measured and records original ambient temperature T
0, after step G is specially lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L
n, n-th digital display reading D
n, n-th directional reading α
nand n-th tilt readings
and measure the environment temperature T of n-th time
n, n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, and utilizes following correction formula to carry out temperature adjustmemt,
L′
n＝L
n-a(T
n-T
0)×L
n
L '
nfor steel ruler length after temperature adjustmemt, a is steel band tape linear expansion coefficient, gets a=12 × 10
-6dEG C;
Utilize the deformation values after temperature adjustmemt in following formulae discovery lane space, wherein, S
x' representation temperature revised x direction shift value; S
y' representation temperature revised y direction shift value; S
x' representation temperature revised z direction shift value, the revised global displacement value of D ' representation temperature is as follows:
Further, the intermediate step of step D and E
D1. the data in data processing and display device are reset.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: structure is simple, be easy to make, by means of only the change of 2 length in space, existing machinery steel ruler formula convergence instrument is judged that the device of space deformation is optimized, its space deformation quantity is calculated by parameters such as the length to 2, space, position angle and inclination angles, parameter is more, and result is optimized more; The structure that its deuterzooid device adopts steel ruler with holes to be separated with main frame, optimizes the shortcoming due to its levelness of steel ruler gravity effect in existing convergence instrument, reduces the measuring error of system, improves the accuracy of result further.This method contains above-mentioned measurement parameter, in prior art will be by front and back twice survey between data and subtract each other, do not consider that in measuring process, two basic points create the space changing of the relative positions, measuring point may not have the method on the position measured first, the method of the application can calculate two basic point space Three-direction deformation displacements, for assessment rock displacement and distortion provide more accurate data.The present invention is applicable to Mechanics Parameters of Rock Mass and measures.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the present invention when installing and using;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of steel ruler with holes in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the syndeton schematic diagram joining chi frame, chi card, chi hole pin in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the front view of data processing and display device in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is three-dimensional compass principle of work schematic diagram in the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the present invention's reading part when carrying out reading;
Fig. 7 is the structural representation before and after the basic point distortion of space of the present invention;
Wherein, 11 is the first basic point fixture, and 12 is the second basic point fixture, and 2 is hook, 3 is setting nut, and 20 is data processing and display device, and 4 is parameter window, and 5 is tension force window, 51 is marking line, and 52 is position line, and 6 is three-dimensional compass, and 7 is chi card, 8 is steel ruler with holes, and 9 is chi hole pin, and 10 is connection chi frame, 81 is steel ruler main body, and 82 is reel, and 83 is circular hole, 21 is reset button, and 22 is shift knob, H
x, H
y, H
zthe compass coordinate system x that three axle magnetoresistive transducers are measured, y, the geomagnetic field intensity component of z-axis; g
x, g
ythe compass coordinate system x that attitude angle acceleration transducer records, the gravitational acceleration component of y-axis; A/D representative simulation digital signal converter, α represents position angle,
represent inclination angle, O-XYZ is space coordinates, ab representative distortion the first two basic point line, a
nb
nlatter two basic point line of representative distortion.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, describe technical scheme of the present invention in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, lane space deformation measuring device of the present invention, comprise basic point fixture 1, steel ruler with holes 8 and main frame, namely steel ruler with holes establishes pertusate steel ruler.Steel ruler 8 with holes is detachable structure with main frame, and described main frame comprises hook 2, setting nut 3, data processing and display device 20, three-dimensional compass 6, chi card 7, chi hole pin 9 and joins chi frame 10.Steel ruler 8 with holes uses the steel ruler in existing machinery steel ruler formula convergence instrument to realize, its structure as shown in Figure 2, employing be tape measure, comprise steel ruler main body 81, reel 82 and circular hole 83.
Described basic point fixture 1 is for the basic point location in the rock mass of tunnel, and basic point fixture 1 is provided with the web member for being connected with hook 2.Web member is hook formation metal object, in addition, can also be ring-type, projection or other shapes, and preferably hook-shaped is because its structure is simple, is easy to realize, and can be cost-saving, saves material.Preferred iron material matter, because it is with low cost, is easy to make.Because underworkings cool, damp, moisture are heavy, high humidity, are therefore coated with antirust coat on the surface of hook formation metal object, in concrete operations, can rust protection paint be coated with.Preferably, the long 40cm of web member, diameter is 0.5cm, and circular arc portion radius is 2.5cm.Basic point fixture 1 comprises the first basic point fixture 11 and the second basic point fixture 12.Described steel ruler with holes 8 one end is provided with hook 2, hook length is 5cm, by linking up with 2, the web member of steel ruler 8 with holes with the first basic point fixture 11 is connected, described steel ruler with holes 8 is provided with several circular holes, in order to ensure measuring accuracy, convenient operation, described circular hole is spaced set, and the distance of adjacent two circular holes is 25mm.Consider effect based on reality, the overall length of described steel ruler 8 with holes is 10m, and Circularhole diameter is 3mm.By inserting in circular hole by chi hole pin 9, fixed steel ruler 8 with holes one end with connection chi frame 10 with chi card 7, the other end of connection chi frame 10 is connected with three-dimensional compass 6, and three-dimensional compass 6 is connected with one end of data processing and display device 20.The syndeton of connection chi frame, chi card, chi hole pin as shown in Figure 3.Whole device overall dimensions are 180mm × 100mm × 35mm, about weight 0.4kg.
Described data processing and display device 20 comprise control module and display unit, and display unit comprises the tension force window 5 of display system tension force degree and the parameter window 4 of display measurement parameter value that are positioned at data processing and display device 20 surface.
Position line 52 is shown in described tension force window, position line 52 is some, and be symmetrical set, also be provided with sign chi in tension force window 5, indicate chi and be provided with marking line 51, indicate chi and be connected with setting nut, rotated by setting nut and regulate, sign chi moves left and right, and the position of marking line 51 changes, and the marking line 51 indicated on chi can move accordingly between the position line 52 of both sides.In addition, also can design as follows: tension force window comprises screen, position line 52 is positioned on the screen of tension force window, sign chi is provided with below screen, namely realize marking line 51 to be positioned at below position line 52, also comprise spring, described setting nut is connected with sign chi by spring.Rotating adjusting nut, changes host machine part length, and then changes markings position, when markings appear at the same position of position line, namely when camber of spring displacement is identical, just constant force be can produce to steel ruler, thus accuracy and the comparability of measurement ensure that.The knots modification of main frame length is measured by Digital Display Circuit and is presented in LED screen.During rotating adjusting nut, should note its maximum magnitude rotated, attention must not expose its screw thread.
Described test parameter value at least comprises the value at digital display displacement, position angle and inclination angle.Described data processing and display device also comprise reset unit and switch element, described reset unit and switch element are connected with control module respectively, described data processing and display device surface are also provided with reset button and shift knob, and described reset button is connected with switch element with reset unit respectively with shift knob.Reset unit uses resetting means of the prior art to realize.The front view of data processing and display device 20 as shown in Figure 4.
Fig. 5 is three-dimensional compass principle of work schematic diagram in the present invention, and its measuring principle is as follows:
Three-dimensional compass is defined as roll angle θ, inclination angle relative to geographic coordinate system (O-XYZ) X, Y, Z tri-axles respectively around rotating counterclockwise angle
and azimuth angle alpha.The acceleration of gravity recorded according to attitude angle acceleration transducer is at the component of acceleration g in compass coordinate system (O-xyz) x-axis and y-axis direction
xand g
ydirectly can calculate the inclination angle of boring
with roll angle θ, calculation relational expression is as follows:
If the coordinate of the magnetic vector value that three axle magnetoresistive transducers measure correspondence in compass coordinate system (O-xyz) is (H
x, H
y, H
z), decomposing respective coordinates in geographic coordinate system (O-XYZ) is (H
x, H
y, H
z).When roll angle θ and inclination angle occur three-dimensional compass in motion process
time, utilization orientation Method of Cosine, by being multiplied by roll angle θ and inclination angle
the conversion relational expression that caused direction cosine matrix can obtain between compass coordinate system and geographic coordinate system is as follows:
Coordinate (the H that the magnetic vector value measured by three axle magnetoresistive transducers is corresponding in compass coordinate system
x, H
y, H
z) bring in above formula and obtain the component H of magnetic vector value in geographic coordinate system X, Y-axis
x, H
y:
H
Y＝H
ycosθ+H
zsinθ
Then now, geographic coordinate system X-axis (compass working direction x-axis is in the projection of surface level) can be calculated by following formula with the angle in magnetic north direction and the magnetic azimuth α ' of three-dimensional compass:
α'＝arctan(H
Y/H
X)
Not quite identical due to earth magnetism south poles and geographical south poles, magnetic north direction and the ground north, to there is certain angle, are called magnetic declination, be designated as β, and azimuth angle alpha, be geographic coordinate system X-axis (compass working direction x-axis is in the projection of surface level) with the north, ground to angle, therefore
α＝α'+β
Wherein the magnetic declination β in each area is a fixed value, can import in microcontroller by tabular form, and selects the automatic computer azimuth angle of concrete value according to the information of GPS.
The other end of data processing and display device 20 is connected with one end of setting nut 3, the other end of setting nut 3 is provided with hook 2, namely data processing and display device 20 are connected with hook 2 by setting nut 3, and described hook 2 is connected with the web member of the second basic point fixture 12.
Because underworkings luminance brightness is limited, in order to improve illuminance in the tunnel that light is bad, make the reading on the numerical value of the parameter window 4 be convenient on reading displayed unit, the tension force degree of tension force window 5 and steel ruler with holes 8, in described data processing and the LED being also provided with battery in display device 20 and be connected with battery, described LED is arranged at above display unit.Battery is that 1.55V silver oxide button battery SR44W1 saves.Reading portion in the technical program divides the parameter window 4 and steel ruler with holes that comprise data processing and display device 20 display measurement parameter value, and as shown in Figure 6, Len got amount is digital display displacement reading and the steel ruler reading sum of parameter window 4 display.
Due in concrete use, steel ruler with holes must ensure that it is put ground or is supported, and must guard against and makes it freely unsettled, bracing frame therefore can be utilized to support, survey crew can be allowed in addition manually to hold.Preferably, be put ground or utilize bracing frame.Bracing frame can be one also can be multiple, must keep steel ruler with holes on a horizontal line.The connecting portion that support frame as described above comprises chassis, support column and is connected with steel ruler with holes, described chassis is comparatively large, can stable support; Connecting portion and steel ruler with holes match, and namely described connecting portion is linear pattern.
The principle of work of this device is as follows: in actual applications, choose the good position of lane space inside surface lithology to be measured to punch, basic point fixture is installed, imbeds predetermined country rock, quick talking cement can be used to be fixed, after basic point fixture fixedly completes, to carry out test macro installation.First record the position angle along tunnel trend by host machine part, then by hook 2, steel ruler 8 with holes is connected on the first basic point fixture 11, and by hook, main frame is connected on the second basic point fixture 12.Suitable circular hole selected by steel ruler 8 with holes, chi hole pin 9 on connection chi frame 10 is inserted this chi hole, fasten connection chi frame with chi card 7, steel ruler 8 with holes is linked together with main frame, makes steel ruler 8 with holes keep smooth.Open the shift knob of data processing and display device, adjustment setting nut 3, to make in tension force window marking line on scale between position line time stop regulating, now constant-tension is produced to steel ruler 8 with holes, ensure accuracy and the comparability of measurement, write down digital display displacement, position angle, inclination data in steel ruler datum line length and parameter window 4, position angle, inclination data are recorded by three-dimensional compass 6; In addition, the length L of steel ruler with holes at connection chi hole place, chi frame one end is recorded.In order to improve accuracy, the position that marking line occurs at every turn should be consistent, and at least repeat survey three times and average.
Further, in order to improve accuracy of measurement, when one of them extreme difference in three class numerical value (digital display displacement, position angle, inclination angle) in three readings is more than 10%, should retest; In test process, if when digital display reading is more than 25mm, draw steel ruler (changing chi hole) 25mm in and retest, two groups of length mean values subtract each other, and are the actual pitch in two chi holes, eliminate steel ruler punching apart from the uncertain measuring error caused with this; If when follow-up measurement differs larger with the environment temperature measured first, temperature adjustmemt to be carried out according to relevant correction formula.Specifically, data handling procedure is as follows: the steel ruler reading of the expression length on the position angle that extraction display window records, inclination angle, digital display displacement and steel ruler.Above-mentioned parameter is then utilized to carry out data processing.Described in data handling procedure sees below.
Measuring method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
A. punch in lane space to be measured, determine two basic points, and at two basic point places, the first basic point fixture and the second basic point fixture are installed respectively, preferentially choose the good position punching of surperficial lithology, test could be started after basic point is completely fixed.As soft in basic point installation place rock crusher, should suitably increase basic point canned paragraph length.
B. steel ruler with holes is connected with the first basic point fixture by hook, the hook of the other end of setting nut is connected with the second basic point fixture, steel ruler is selected a circular hole insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection.
C. turn-on data process and display device, clockwise direction rotating adjusting nut, till can not rotating, presses reset key, is reset by readings all on screen.For ensureing the accuracy reset, can repeat to reset 2-3 time.Then adjust setting nut, examine, make marking line be positioned at ad-hoc location, preferably, make marking line be positioned at the center of both sides position line, in addition, other positions are also passable, as long as each adjustment makes and this position consistency adjusted afterwards.
D. the value at monitoring record digital display displacement, position angle and inclination angle, if the value of digital display displacement exceedes the length of tolerance journey, then enters step e, if do not exceed, then directly enter step F, on the length steel ruler with holes of described tolerance journey, the spacing of adjacent circular holes, elects 25mm as herein.
E. chi card is opened, take off chi hole pin, draw steel ruler with holes in, select the circular hole that current circular hole closes on, draw steel ruler part chi hole in, insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection, resets the data in data processing and display device and after at least needing to repeat clearing 2 times, entering step D remeasures; Two cell means subtract each other, and are the actual pitch in two chi holes, to eliminate the measuring error that steel ruler punching causes apart from out of true.
F. record the initial value of two basic points, described initial value comprises initial steel ruler reading L
0, initial digital display displacement value D
0, initial orientation angle value α
0and the value of initial tilt
and measure the azimuth angle alpha that direction is moved towards in tunnel, its measuring process is: two hooks are connected two basic point fixtures respectively, namely the tunnel side wall surface by two basic point places is placed, read directional reading when keeping left side wall surface and right side wall respectively, the mean value of left and right sides reading sum is moved towards the azimuth angle alpha in direction as tunnel.In order to make measurement data more accurate, to keep left side wall surface and right side wall time directional reading repeat reading 3 times, the mean value of 3 left and right sides reading sums is moved towards the azimuth angle alpha in direction as tunnel.In order to improve measuring accuracy, survey should be repeated and average for three times.When one of them extreme difference in above-mentioned numerical value is more than 10%, should retest; Specifically, when the difference of any twice digital display displacement be greater than 0.05mm, any twice inclination angle difference is greater than 0.1 ° or any twice azimuth difference is greater than 0.1 °, then remeasure.For the ease of carrying out temperature adjustmemt afterwards, also needing to measure and recording original ambient temperature T
0.
G., after lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and as shown in Figure 7, ab represents the line of two initial basic points, a
nb
nrepresent the line of latter two basic point of distortion that n-th time is measured, actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L
n, n-th digital display reading D
n, n-th directional reading α
nand n-th tilt readings
n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3.In order to improve measuring accuracy, survey should be repeated and average for three times.When one of them extreme difference in above-mentioned numerical value is more than 10%, should retest; Specifically, when the difference of any twice digital display displacement be greater than 0.05mm, any twice inclination angle difference is greater than 0.1 ° or any twice azimuth difference is greater than 0.1 °, then remeasure.
Utilize following formulae discovery deformation values, wherein, S
xrepresent x direction shift value; S
yrepresent y direction shift value; S
zrepresent z direction shift value, D represents global displacement value,
In order to improve the accuracy of result, as n-th time measure differ larger with original ambient temperature time, as the two difference be greater than threshold value 0.2 DEG C time, carry out temperature adjustmemt, its correction formula is as follows:
L′
n＝L
n-a(T
n-T
0)×L
n
In formula: L '
nfor steel ruler length (mm) after temperature adjustmemt, a is steel band tape linear expansion coefficient, gets a=12 × 10
-6dEG C, T
nbe n-th measures ambient temperature (DEG C), T
0for measures ambient temperature (DEG C) first.In specific operation process, determine above-mentioned threshold value according to the actual requirements.
The deformation values of lane space any two points can be obtained according to the method described above exactly, as follows:
So can obtain the deformation values of the lane space any two points that accuracy is high, error deviation is little.
H. tested, rotated counterclockwise setting nut, dismounting lane space deformation measuring device, opens chi card and draws steel ruler with holes in, ready for using next time.
After measurement mechanism is used certain hour, need to carry out zero correction to it, whether inspection digital display reading is null value, if its value is non-vanishing, then should correct, otherwise then can continue to use.
Claims (10)
1. lane space deformation measuring device, it is characterized in that, comprise basic point fixture (1), steel ruler with holes (8) and main frame, steel ruler with holes (8) and main frame are detachable structure, described main frame comprises hook (2), setting nut (3), data processing and display device (20), three-dimensional compass (6), chi card (7), chi hole pin (9) and connection chi frame (10), described basic point fixture (1) is for the basic point location in the rock mass of tunnel, basic point fixture (1) is provided with the web member for being connected with hook (2), basic point fixture (1) comprises the first basic point fixture (11) and the second basic point fixture (12), described steel ruler with holes (8) one end is provided with hook (2), by hook (2), the web member of steel ruler with holes (8) with the first basic point fixture (11) is connected, described steel ruler with holes (8) is evenly provided with several circular holes, by chi hole pin (9) is inserted in circular hole, with chi card (7), steel ruler with holes (8) one end with connection chi frame (10) is fixed, the other end of connection chi frame (10) is connected with three-dimensional compass (6), three-dimensional compass (6) is connected with one end of data processing and display device (20), described data processing and display device (20) comprise control module and display unit, display unit comprises the tension force window (5) of display system tension force degree and the parameter window (4) of display measurement parameter value that are positioned at data processing and display device (20) surface, position line is shown in described tension force window, position line is some, tension force window is also provided with sign chi in (5), indicate chi and be provided with marking line, indicate chi to be connected with setting nut, during rotating adjusting nut, the marking line indicated on chi can move accordingly between position line, described test parameter value at least comprises digital display displacement, the value at position angle and inclination angle, the other end of data processing and display device (20) is connected with one end of setting nut (3), the other end of setting nut (3) is provided with hook (2), described hook (2) is connected with the web member of the second basic point fixture (12).
2. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described web member is hook formation metal object, and its surface is coated with antirust coat.
3. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data processing and the LED being also provided with battery and being connected with battery in display device (20), described LED is arranged at above display unit.
4. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described data processing and display device also comprise reset unit and switch element, described reset unit and switch element are connected with control module respectively, described data processing and display device surface are also provided with reset button and shift knob, and described reset button is connected with switch element with reset unit respectively with shift knob.
5. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprising the bracing frame for supporting steel ruler with holes (8).
6. lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described tension force window comprises screen, position line is positioned on the screen of tension force window, be provided with sign chi below screen, also comprise spring, described setting nut is connected with sign chi by spring.
7., based on the measuring method of the lane space deformation measuring device described in 1 to 6 any one claim, it is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
A. punch in lane space to be measured, determine two basic points, and at two basic point places, the first basic point fixture and the second basic point fixture are installed respectively;
B. steel ruler with holes is connected with the first basic point fixture by hook, the hook of the other end of setting nut is connected with the second basic point fixture, steel ruler is selected a circular hole insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection;
C. turn-on data process and display device, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be positioned at ad-hoc location;
D. the value at monitoring record digital display displacement, position angle and inclination angle, if the value of digital display displacement exceedes the length of tolerance journey, then enters step e, if do not exceed, then directly enters step F, the spacing of adjacent circular holes on the length steel ruler with holes of described tolerance journey;
E. chi card is opened, take off chi hole pin, draw steel ruler with holes in, select the circular hole that current circular hole closes on, insert chi hole pin, with chi card, steel ruler with holes and connection chi frame are linked together, and make whole lane space deformation measuring device keep balance, then connect setting nut, data processing and display device and three-dimensional compass successively, the good whole lane space deformation measuring device of erection, enters step D;
F. record the initial value of two basic points, described initial value comprises initial steel ruler reading L
0, initial digital display displacement value D
0, initial orientation angle value α
0and the value of initial tilt
and measure the azimuth angle alpha that direction is moved towards in tunnel, its measuring process is: by two hooks are connected two basic point fixtures respectively, namely the tunnel side wall surface by two basic point places is placed, read directional reading when keeping left side wall surface and right side wall respectively, the mean value of left and right sides reading sum is moved towards the azimuth angle alpha in direction as tunnel;
G., after lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L
n, n-th digital display reading D
n, n-th directional reading α
nand n-th tilt readings
n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, utilizes following formulae discovery deformation values, wherein, and S
xrepresent x direction shift value; S
yrepresent y direction shift value; S
zrepresent z direction shift value, D represents global displacement value,
H. test is completed, dismounting lane space deformation measuring device.
8. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, the ad-hoc location in step C is the center that marking line is positioned at both sides position line.
9. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that, described step F comprises to be measured and records original ambient temperature T
0, after step G is specially lane space generation deformation or separated in time, rotating adjusting nut makes marking line be arranged in step C ad-hoc location, repeats the actual value of record two basic points, and actual value comprises No. n-th steel ruler reading L
n, n-th digital display reading D
n, n-th directional reading α
nand n-th tilt readings
and measure the environment temperature T of n-th time
n, n is pendulous frequency, n=1,2,3, and utilizes following correction formula to carry out temperature adjustmemt,
L′
n＝L
n-a(T
n-T
0)×L
n
L '
nfor steel ruler length after temperature adjustmemt, a is steel band tape linear expansion coefficient, gets a=12 × 10
-6dEG C;
Utilize the deformation values after temperature adjustmemt in following formulae discovery lane space, wherein, S
x' representation temperature revised x direction shift value; S
y' representation temperature revised y direction shift value; S
x' representation temperature revised z direction shift value, the revised global displacement value of D ' representation temperature is as follows:
10. the measuring method of lane space deformation measuring device as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that, the intermediate step of step D and E
D1. the data in data processing and display device are reset.
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