CN103334134A - Method for ultrasonic electroplating of aluminum alloy - Google Patents
Method for ultrasonic electroplating of aluminum alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103334134A CN103334134A CN2013101395263A CN201310139526A CN103334134A CN 103334134 A CN103334134 A CN 103334134A CN 2013101395263 A CN2013101395263 A CN 2013101395263A CN 201310139526 A CN201310139526 A CN 201310139526A CN 103334134 A CN103334134 A CN 103334134A
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for ultrasonic electroplating of an aluminum alloy. The method sequentially comprises the following steps: a pre-plating treatment, one time zinc deposition, ultrasonic electroplating of nickel, ultrasonic electroplating of acid copper, ultrasonic electroplating of tin, and a post-plating treatment. With the method, after a tin layer is electroplated on an aluminum alloy, the obtained tin layer has advantages of compact and uniform surface, fine crystal, silver white color, bright mirror surface, oxidation resistance, corrosion resistance and strong weldability.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the electroplating technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy.
Background technology
F is ultrasonic wave greater than the sound wave of 20kHz, ultrasonic frequency height, wavelength weak point, and good directionality, the penetrativity of propagation are strong.When ultrasonic wave acted on liquid medium, ultrasonic wave density interphase ground was propagated forward liquid is vibrated, and caused that medium molecule vibrates centered by its equilibrium theory of tide.Ultrasonic waves compress mutually in, the mean distance that medium molecule is asked reduces, and ultrasonic wave sparse mutually in, mean distance that medium molecule is asked increases.If the sound intensity is enough big, the corresponding negative pressure that liquid is subjected to is also enough strong, intermolecular mean distance increases to the distance that oversteps the extreme limit, cause occurring the hole, the gas that is dissolved in the solution is inhaled the ten hundreds of micro-bubble of formation in the people hole, and these small bubbles produce and growth at the negative pressuren zone of ultrasonic wave longitudinal propagation, collapse rapidly at zone of positive pressure, produce extremely short hot localised points of a life-span at the collapse point place, ultrasonic cavitation that Here it is.Extreme conditions such as a unusual high temperature, high pressure have been created in ultrasonic cavitation, and this realizes that under general condition being difficult to the chemical reaction that maybe can not realize provides a kind of new physicochemical environment.
The application of ultrasonic wave aspect electroplating technology had relevant report, as ultrasonic electroplating tin alloy technical study, the research of ultrasonic electroplating tin alloy, ultrasonic flash plate tin technology.Ultrasonic wave has the effect of following several respects in plating:
(1) promotes whipping process in the electrodeposition process electroplating process, the net thickness that mechanical stirring and hand mixing etc. all can only reduce near the diffusion layer negative electrode to a certain extent such as stir, circulate as rotation.After ultrasonic wave acts in the plating bath, ultrasonic cavitation and oscillating action are equivalent to plating bath has been applied a unusual strong stirring action, this effect reduces the net thickness of cathode diffusion layer rapidly, and the concentration of metal ions of electrode surface increases, and sedimentation velocity is accelerated.Also just because of having reduced concentration polarization, allow to use higher working current density when ultrasonic wave is electroplated, thereby the working current density scope is broadened, the operational condition of plating is improved.In addition, hyperacoustic microjet has also been strengthened the diffusion mass transfer process of plating bath, has increased substantially the bath system electrodeposition rate that is subjected to diffusion control.
(2) improve quality of coating
In electroplating process, ultrasonic cavitation can make hydrogen enter cavitation bubble or as cavitation nucleus, be conducive to separating out of hydrogen.Simultaneously, the sound blaster that ultrasonic cavitation produces constantly cleans electrode surface, be conducive to drive away the bubble that accumulates on the electrode surface, thereby reduced the hole of coating, reduced the hydrogen embrittlement that coating produces because of liberation of hydrogen, reduce the internal stress of coating, increased the compactness of coating, improved quality of coating.
(3) dispersion and the deposition of promotion micro-nano granules
In the preparation process of micro-nano composite deposite, ultrasonic wave has far surpassed the severe degree that mechanical stirring can reach to the dispersed with stirring effect of micro-nano granules in the solution, and this dispersion effect to particulate is especially obvious.The sound wave that ultrasonic wave produces can make the particulate that is suspended in the solution evenly distribute on macroscopic view, and the high pressure shock wave that cavitation effect produces and strong vibration at random can be pulverized the population of reunion shape, make particulate further obtain disperseing and homogenizing has been improved the dispersiveness of particulate in plating bath.
In addition, normal some tensio-active agents that add make particulate charged in the galvanic deposit of composite deposite, the microjet that produces in ultrasonic cavitation effect and the transonic process can clean up gas and the impurity that is adsorbed on microparticle surfaces originally, improved the wetting conditions of particulate and plating bath, make the charged surface active agent ion of its easier absorption, thereby the deposition of particulate on negative electrode increased, promoted the codeposition of particulate and metal ion, be conducive to form even, fine and close and smooth composite deposite.
Ultrasonic wave auxiliary electrical coating technology is one of forward position research field of sonochemistry and electrochemistry subject crossing.But at present also not about the auxiliary report that is used for the aluminium alloy electric tin plating technique of ultrasonic wave.The zinc-plated electroplating deposition speed of traditional aluminium alloy is slow, and coating is coarse, loose, the not high shortcoming of bonding force.If ultrasonic technology can be applied in the Electroplating Aluminum alloy, develop the ultrasonic wave electroplating technology that is suitable for aluminium alloy, will promote the progress of industry greatly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of above-mentioned prior art, a kind of method of ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy is provided, the auxiliary aluminium alloy tin plating technique that is used for of ultrasonic wave, the working current density scope is broadened, and the operational condition of plating is improved, and has reduced the hole of coating, reduced the hydrogen embrittlement that coating produces because of liberation of hydrogen, reduce the internal stress of coating, increased the compactness of coating, improved quality of coating.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of method of ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy, it may further comprise the steps in turn: plating pre-treatment, once heavy zinc, ultrasonic wave electronickelling, ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper, ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate, plating aftertreatment.
The plating pre-treatment is prior art, comprises the step of ultrasonic oil removing, washing for the first time, activation, the washing second time.
Preferably, in the ultrasonic wave electronickelling step, plating bath comprises single nickel salt 310g/L, nickelous chloride 60g/L, boric acid 50g/L; The pH value of plating bath is between 4.5-5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
Preferably, in the ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper step, plating bath comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L, copper is opened cylinder agent 300-400ml/L, copper promotor 50-120ml/L; The pH value of plating bath is between 4-5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
Preferably, in the ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate step, plating bath comprises stannous sulfate 100g/L, sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L, tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L, tin stablizer 10-20ml/L; The PH of plating bath is between 3-4.5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
Described plating aftertreatment is prior art, comprises plating after washing, drying, test package.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention is in order to plate tin at aluminum alloy materials, re-plating tin behind first electronickelling, the electroplating acid copper.After the electronickelling bottoming of the present invention, increase electroplating acid copper and then eleetrotinplate, mainly be for the high-frequency current that improves aluminium alloy and the transmission performance of high-frequency signal, further improve the conductivity of aluminium alloy, increase the resistance to corrosion of aluminium alloy simultaneously, and in each plating step, used the ultrasonic wave ancillary technique, improve and optimized the operational condition of eleetrotinplate on aluminium alloy, widened current density range and temperature range, plate the tin layer have the following advantages:
1, surface compact is even, crystallization is careful, is silvery white in color, the minute surface light;
2, oxidation-resistance, solidity to corrosion and weldability are strong.
In addition, under action of ultrasonic waves, plating solution performance improves, and covering power reaches 100%, and cathode efficiency and sedimentation velocity improve a lot than prior art.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density of the present invention and current efficiency;
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density of the present invention and sedimentation velocity.
Concrete enforcement
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method of ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy may further comprise the steps:
(1) plating pre-treatment: specifically comprise ultrasonic oil removing, washing for the first time, activation, washing for the second time.
(2) heavy zinc once: adopt commercially available quad alloy sink zinc liquid, sinking the zinc time is 70S, and temperature is 20 ℃.
(3) ultrasonic wave electronickelling, concrete prescription and operational condition are as follows:
Plating bath comprises single nickel salt 310g/L
Nickelous chloride 60g/L
Boric acid 50g/L
The PH4.5-5 of plating bath
Temperature is 20-30 ℃
Cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
3
Anode is the pure nickel plate
Electroplating time is 6min
Hyperacoustic power is 400w
Ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
(4) ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper, concrete prescription and operational condition are:
Plating bath comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L
Copper is opened cylinder agent 300-400ml/L
Copper promotor 50-120ml/L
PH value is between 4-5
Temperature is 20-30 ℃
Cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3
Anode is spherical phosphor-copper
Electroplating time is 8min
Hyperacoustic power is 500w
Ultrasonic frequency is 33kHz.
(5) ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate, concrete prescription and operational condition are:
Stannous sulfate 100g/L
Sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L
Tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L
Tin stablizer 10-20ml/L
The PH of plating bath is between 3-4.5
Temperature is 20-30 ℃
Cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3
Anode is pure tin plate
Electroplating time is 8min
Hyperacoustic power is 800w
Ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz.
(6) plating aftertreatment: the step that specifically comprises plating after washing, drying, test package.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the relation curve of cathode current density (J) and cathode efficiency η.Current density is at 4.0A/dm during no ultrasonication
2More than can not obtain the tin coating of light, so not test.As seen from the figure: current efficiency is all above 30%, and along with the increase of J (negative electrode), the η of 2 curves all reduces; Under identical J (negative electrode), adopt the η of ultrasonication significantly greater than no ultrasonication.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density (J) and sedimentation velocity V, as seen from the figure, along with the increase of J (negative electrode), V increases, under low current, V increasing degree under the ultrasonication is bigger, and along with the continuation of J (negative electrode) increases, it is slow that the V increasing degree is tending towards.As seen, action of ultrasonic waves has improved cathode efficiency and sedimentation velocity.
In appearance, the tin coating outward appearance of gained is fine and close, and evenly crystallization is careful, like the minute surface light, the Wuxi must, than under the identical conditions during no ultrasonication the tin coating overall appearance eager to excel in whatever one does.
On high temperature resistant property and the bonding force, the tin plating piece of electroplating 20min under ultrasonication and the no ultrasonication is placed thermostat container, at (180 ± 2) ℃ following baking 20min, the equal nondiscoloration in tin coating surface illustrates that its high temperature resistant property is fine; At once put into cold water, after the taking-up, gained coating does not have foaming and decortication phenomenon under the ultrasonication, and there is ultrasonication gained coating a small amount of bubbling is not arranged, and illustrates that action of ultrasonic waves has improved the bonding force of coating.
On the solidity to corrosion, adopt the aciding test: the sample of clip 1cm on the gained tin coating under the different power places the hydrochloric acid of 20mL ρ=25g/L to observe and record.
Table 1 acid resistance test result
Table 1 is the corrosion resistance of coating test result, wherein, and etching time t
1For coating surface begins to occur time of bubble, t
2Be the consoluet time of sample.By table as seen: along with the increase of hyperacoustic intervention and ultrasonic power, corrosion of coating time and dissolution time increase, and namely solidity to corrosion strengthens, and illustrates that ultrasonic wave is conducive to increase the corrosion resisting property of coating.
On weldability test and the result, directly carry out spot-welding test with flatiron, adopt the time of burn-oning of ultrasonication gained coating less than 1.0s, the time of burn-oning of no ultrasonication gained coating, its weldability was very desirable less than 1.2s.
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (3) the ultrasonic wave electronickelling, electroplating time is 8min, and hyperacoustic power is 500w, and ultrasonic frequency is 33kHz.
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (4) the ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper, electroplating time is 10min, and hyperacoustic power is 400w, and ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
The difference of present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (5) the ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate, electroplating time is 10min, and hyperacoustic power is 1000w, and ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
Above-described embodiment only is preferred implementation of the present invention, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and the variation of any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art does on basis of the present invention and replacement all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the method for a ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy is characterized in that may further comprise the steps in turn: plating pre-treatment, once heavy zinc, ultrasonic wave electronickelling, ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper, ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate, plating aftertreatment.
2. the method for ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: plate the step that pre-treatment comprises that ultrasonic oil removing, washing for the first time, activation, the second time wash.
3. the method for ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the ultrasonic wave electronickelling step, plating bath comprises single nickel salt 310g/L, nickelous chloride 60g/L, boric acid 50g/L; The pH value of plating bath is between 4.5-5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
4. the method for ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the ultrasonic wave electroplating acid copper step, plating bath comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L, copper is opened cylinder agent 300-400ml/L, copper promotor 50-120ml/L; The pH value of plating bath is between 4-5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
5. the method for ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the ultrasonic wave eleetrotinplate step, plating bath comprises stannous sulfate 100g/L, sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L, tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L, tin stablizer 10-20ml/L; The PH of plating bath is between 3-4.5, and temperature is 20-30 ℃, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is that 400-1000w, frequency are 28-100kHz.
6. the method for ultrasonic wave Electroplating Aluminum alloy as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: described plating aftertreatment comprises plating after washing, drying, test package.
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103643269A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-03-19 | 江西省首诺铜业有限公司 | Process of ultrasonic wave electroplating of copper foil |
| CN104562004A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 江西富意美实业有限公司 | Aluminum-alloy temperature sensing pipe for various types of temperature controllers and preparation method thereof |
| CN105002536A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 程才用 | Electroplating technology and electroplating part made by adopting same |
| CN106119912A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 乐凯特科技铜陵有限公司 | A kind of high accuracy wiring board method of electric tinning |
| WO2017012156A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Method for preparing local soft solder coating on surface of aluminum alloy |
| CN107245740A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏双汇电力发展股份有限公司 | The hot-dip aluminizing technique of the energy-saving anti-corrosion gold utensil of overhead transmission line |
| CN107644991A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-01-30 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | La Mg Ni base hydrogenous alloys of Surface coating copper and preparation method thereof |
| CN110144609A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-20 | 苏州普雷特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of electroplating processing method of repeatedly heavy zinc |
| CN110791789A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-14 | 湖州努特表面处理科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave integrated silver plating method |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103643269A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-03-19 | 江西省首诺铜业有限公司 | Process of ultrasonic wave electroplating of copper foil |
| CN104562004A (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2015-04-29 | 江西富意美实业有限公司 | Aluminum-alloy temperature sensing pipe for various types of temperature controllers and preparation method thereof |
| WO2017012156A1 (en) * | 2015-07-22 | 2017-01-26 | 哈尔滨工业大学深圳研究生院 | Method for preparing local soft solder coating on surface of aluminum alloy |
| CN105002536A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-10-28 | 程才用 | Electroplating technology and electroplating part made by adopting same |
| CN106119912A (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2016-11-16 | 乐凯特科技铜陵有限公司 | A kind of high accuracy wiring board method of electric tinning |
| CN107245740A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏双汇电力发展股份有限公司 | The hot-dip aluminizing technique of the energy-saving anti-corrosion gold utensil of overhead transmission line |
| CN107644991A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-01-30 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | La Mg Ni base hydrogenous alloys of Surface coating copper and preparation method thereof |
| CN110144609A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-20 | 苏州普雷特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of electroplating processing method of repeatedly heavy zinc |
| CN110791789A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-14 | 湖州努特表面处理科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave integrated silver plating method |
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