CN103334134B - A kind of method of electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy - Google Patents
A kind of method of electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy Download PDFInfo
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- CN103334134B CN103334134B CN201310139526.3A CN201310139526A CN103334134B CN 103334134 B CN103334134 B CN 103334134B CN 201310139526 A CN201310139526 A CN 201310139526A CN 103334134 B CN103334134 B CN 103334134B
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- electroplating
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method of electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy, it comprises the step for the treatment of before plating, once heavy zinc, electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel, electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper, electroplating in ultrasonic field tin, plating posttreatment in turn.Adopt method of the present invention, after Cr-Ni Electroplating on Al Alloys tin coating, gained tin layers has the following advantages: surface compact is even, crystallization is careful, is silvery white in color, bright in mirror surface; Oxidation-resistance, solidity to corrosion and weldability are strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electroplating technology field, be specifically related to a kind of method of electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy.
Background technology
The sound wave that f is greater than 20kHz is ultrasonic wave, and ultrasonic frequency is high, wavelength is short, and good directionality, the penetrativity of propagation are strong.When ul-trasonic irradiation is in liquid medium, ultrasonic wave density interphase ground forward direction makes liquid vibrate, and causes medium molecule to vibrate centered by its equilibrium theory of tide.Ultrasonic waves compress mutually in, the medium molecule mean distance of asking reduces, and ultrasonic wave sparse mutually in, the mean distance that medium molecule is asked increases.If the sound intensity is enough large, the corresponding negative pressure that liquid is subject to is also enough strong, intermolecular mean distance increases above critical distance, cause occurring hole, the gas dissolved in the solution is inhaled in people hole forms ten hundreds of micro-bubbles, and these small bubbles produce and growth at the negative pressuren zone of ultrasonic wave longitudinal propagation, collapse rapidly at zone of positive pressure, life-span extremely short hot localised points is produced, ultrasonic cavitation that Here it is at collapse point place.Ultrasonic cavitation creates the extreme condition such as high temperature, high pressure of an exception, and this is that the chemical reaction being under general condition difficult to realize maybe can not realizing provides a kind of new physicochemical environment.
The application of ultrasonic wave in electroplating technology has had relevant report, as ultrasonic electroplating tin alloy technical study, the research of ultrasonic electroplating tin alloy, the zinc-plated technology of ultrasonic fast electric.Ultrasonic wave has the effect of following several respects in plating:
(1) promote the whipping process in electrodeposition process electroplating process, as Stirring, the net thickness that mechanical stirring and hand mixing etc. all can only reduce diffusion layer near negative electrode to a certain extent such as to circulate.After ul-trasonic irradiation is in plating solution, ultrasonic cavitation and oscillating action are equivalent to be applied with the strong stirring action of an exception to plating solution, this effect makes the net thickness of cathode diffusion layer reduce rapidly, and the concentration of metal ions of electrode surface increases, and sedimentation velocity is accelerated.Also just because of reducing concentration polarization, allow when electroplating in ultrasonic field to use higher working current density, thus working current density scope is broadened, the operational condition of plating is improved.In addition, hyperacoustic microjet also enhances the diffusion mass transfer process of plating solution, has increased substantially the bath system electrodeposition rate by diffusion control.
(2) quality of coating is improved
In electroplating process, ultrasonic cavitation can make hydrogen enter cavitation bubble or as cavitation nucleus, be conducive to the precipitation of hydrogen.Simultaneously, the sound blaster that ultrasonic cavitation produces is clean electrode surface constantly, be conducive to driving away the bubble assembled at the electrode surface, thus decrease the hole of coating, reduce the hydrogen embrittlement that coating produces because of liberation of hydrogen, reduce the internal stress of coating, add the compactness of coating, improve quality of coating.
(3) dispersion and the deposition of micro-nano granules is promoted
In the preparation process of micro-nano composite deposite, the dispersed with stirring effect of ultrasonic wave to micro-nano granules in solution has far exceeded the severe degree that mechanical stirring can reach, and this is especially obvious to the dispersion effect of particulate.The sound wave that ultrasonic wave produces can make suspension particulate in the solution macroscopically be uniformly distributed, and the high pressure shock wave that cavitation effect produces and strong Random Oscillation can pulverize the population of reunion shape, particulate is disperseed and homogenizing further, improves particulate dispersiveness in the plating solution.
In addition, in the galvanic deposit of composite deposite, often add some tensio-active agents make charge particles, the microjet produced in ultrasound cavitation effect and transonic process can clean up the gas and the impurity that are originally adsorbed on microparticle surfaces, improve the wetting conditions of particulate and plating solution, it is made more easily to adsorb charged surface active agent ion, thus the deposition of particulate on negative electrode is increased, facilitate the codeposition of particulate and metal ion, be conducive to forming even, fine and close and smooth composite deposite.
Ultrasonic assistant electroplating technology is one of research frontier of sonochemistry and electrochemistry subject crossing.But the report of aluminium alloy electric tin plating technique is not also used at present about ultrasonic assistant.The zinc-plated electroplating deposition speed of traditional aluminium alloy is slow, and coating is coarse, loose, the shortcomings such as bonding force is not high.If ultrasonic technology can be applied in Electroplating Aluminum alloy, develop the electroplating in ultrasonic field technique being suitable for aluminium alloy, greatly will promote the progress of industry.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to the defect overcoming above-mentioned prior art, a kind of method of electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy is provided, ultrasonic assistant is used in aluminium alloy tin plating technique, working current density scope is broadened, and the operational condition of plating is improved, and decreases the hole of coating, reduce the hydrogen embrittlement that coating produces because of liberation of hydrogen, reduce the internal stress of coating, add the compactness of coating, improve quality of coating.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A method for electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy, it comprises the following steps in turn: treatment before plating, once heavy zinc, electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel, electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper, electroplating in ultrasonic field tin, plating posttreatment.
Treatment before plating is prior art, comprises the step of ultrasonic oil removing, first time washing, activation, second time washing.
Preferably, in electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel step, plating solution comprises single nickel salt 310g/L, nickelous chloride 60g/L, boric acid 50g/L; The pH value of plating solution is between 4.5-5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz.
Preferably, in electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper step, plating solution comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L, copper open cylinder agent 300-400ml/L, copper promotor 50-120ml/L; The pH value of plating solution is between 4-5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz.
Preferably, in electroplating in ultrasonic field tin step, plating solution comprises stannous sulfate 100g/L, sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L, tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L, tin stablizer 10-20ml/L; The PH of plating solution is between 3-4.5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz.
Described plating posttreatment is prior art, comprises plating after washing, drying, test package.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
The present invention in order to plate tin on aluminum alloy materials, re-plating tin after first electronickelling, electroplating acid copper.After electronickelling bottoming of the present invention, increase electroplating acid copper and then eleetrotinplate, mainly in order to the transmission performance of the high-frequency current and high-frequency signal that improve aluminium alloy, the conductivity of further raising aluminium alloy, increase the resistance to corrosion of aluminium alloy simultaneously, and employ ultrasonic assistive technologies in each plating step, improve and optimize in the zinc-plated operational condition of Cr-Ni Electroplating on Al Alloys, widened current density range and temperature range, the tin layers of plating has the following advantages:
1, surface compact is even, crystallization is careful, is silvery white in color, bright in mirror surface;
2, oxidation-resistance, solidity to corrosion and weldability are strong.
In addition, under hyperacoustic effect, plating solution performance improves, and covering power reaches 100%, and cathode efficiency and sedimentation velocity comparatively prior art improve a lot.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density of the present invention and current efficiency;
Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density of the present invention and sedimentation velocity.
Concrete enforcement
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1
A method for electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy, comprises the following steps:
(1) treatment before plating: specifically comprise ultrasonic oil removing, first time washing, activation, second time washing.
(2) once heavy zinc: adopt commercially available quad alloy to sink zinc liquid, the heavy zinc time is 70S, and temperature is 20 DEG C.
(3) electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel, concrete formula and operational condition as follows:
Plating solution comprises single nickel salt 310g/L
Nickelous chloride 60g/L
Boric acid 50g/L
The PH4.5-5 of plating solution
Temperature is 20-30 DEG C
Cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
3
Anode is pure nickel plate
Electroplating time is 6min
Hyperacoustic power is 400w
Ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
(4) electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper, concrete formula and operational condition are:
Plating solution comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L
Copper open cylinder agent 300-400ml/L
Copper promotor 50-120ml/L
PH value is between 4-5
Temperature is 20-30 DEG C
Cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3
Anode is spherical phosphor-copper
Electroplating time is 8min
Hyperacoustic power is 500w
Ultrasonic frequency is 33kHz.
(5) electroplating in ultrasonic field tin, concrete formula and operational condition are:
Stannous sulfate 100g/L
Sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L
Tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L
Tin stablizer 10-20ml/L
The PH of plating solution is between 3-4.5
Temperature is 20-30 DEG C
Cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
3
Anode is pure tin plate
Electroplating time is 8min
Hyperacoustic power is 800w
Ultrasonic frequency is 28kHz.
(6) plating posttreatment: the step specifically comprising plating after washing, drying, test package.
Please refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 1 is the relation curve of cathode current density (J) and cathode efficiency η.Without current density during ultrasonication at 4.0A/dm
2more than can not obtain the tin coating of light, therefore not test.As seen from the figure: current efficiency is all more than 30%, and along with the increase of J (negative electrode), the η of 2 curves all reduces; Under identical J (negative electrode), the η of ultrasonication is adopted significantly to be greater than without ultrasonication.
Please refer to Fig. 2, Fig. 2 is the graph of a relation of cathode current density (J) and sedimentation velocity V, as seen from the figure, along with the increase of J (negative electrode), V increases, and at low currents, the V increasing degree under ultrasonication is larger, and increase along with the continuation of J (negative electrode), V increasing degree is tending towards slow.Visible, hyperacoustic effect improves cathode efficiency and sedimentation velocity.
In appearance, the tin coating outward appearance dense uniform of gained, crystallization is careful, and like bright in mirror surface, Wuxi palpus, is eager to excel without tin coating overall appearance during ultrasonication than under identical conditions.
In high temperature resistant property and bonding force, be placed in thermostat container by ultrasonication with without the tin plating piece electroplating 20min under ultrasonication, at (180 ± 2) DEG C, toast 20min, all nondiscolorations of tin coating surface, illustrate that its high temperature resistant property is fine; At once put into cold water, after taking-up, under ultrasonication, gained coating does not have phenomenon of bubbling and peel, and has a small amount of bubbling without ultrasonication gained coating, illustrates that hyperacoustic effect improves the bonding force of coating.
In solidity to corrosion, adopt aciding test: the sample of clip 1cm on gained tin coating from different capacity, the hydrochloric acid being placed in 20mL ρ=25g/L is observed and record.
Table 1 acid resistance test result
Table 1 is corrosion resistance of coating test result, wherein, and etching time t
1for coating surface starts the time occurring bubble, t
2for the sample consoluet time.From table: along with the increase of hyperacoustic intervention and ultrasonic power, corrosion of coating time and dissolution time increase, and namely solidity to corrosion strengthens, and illustrate that ultrasonic wave is conducive to the corrosion resisting property of increase coating.
Weldability is tested and in result, is directly carried out spot-welding test with flatiron, and adopt the time of burn-oning of ultrasonication gained coating to be less than 1.0s, the time of burn-oning without ultrasonication gained coating is less than 1.2s, and its weldability is ideal.
Embodiment 2
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (3) electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel, and electroplating time is 8min, and hyperacoustic power is 500w, and ultrasonic frequency is 33kHz.
Embodiment 3
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (4) electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper, electroplating time is 10min, and hyperacoustic power is 400w, and ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
Embodiment 4
The difference of the present embodiment and embodiment 1 is: in step (5) electroplating in ultrasonic field tin, and electroplating time is 10min, and hyperacoustic power is 1000w, and ultrasonic frequency is 40kHz.
Above-described embodiment is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, can not limit protection scope of the present invention with this, and change and the replacement of any unsubstantiality that those skilled in the art does on basis of the present invention all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. the method for an electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps in turn: treatment before plating, once heavy zinc, electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel, electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper, electroplating in ultrasonic field tin, plating posttreatment, treatment before plating comprises the step of ultrasonic oil removing, first time washing, activation, second time washing; In electroplating in ultrasonic field nickel step, plating solution comprises single nickel salt 310g/L, nickelous chloride 60g/L, boric acid 50g/L; The pH value of plating solution is between 4.5-5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 2.3A/dm
2, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz; In electroplating in ultrasonic field acid copper step, plating solution comprises sulfuric acid 350g/L, copper open cylinder agent 300-400ml/L, copper promotor 50-120ml/L; The pH value of plating solution is between 4-5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
2, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz; In electroplating in ultrasonic field tin step, plating solution comprises stannous sulfate 100g/L, sulfuric acid 140-170ml/L, tin brightening agent 4-10ml/L, tin stablizer 10-20ml/L; The pH of plating solution is between 3-4.5, and temperature is 20-30 DEG C, and cathode current density is 1-2A/dm
2, electroplating time is 5-20min; Hyperacoustic power is 400-1000w, frequency is 28-100kHz.
2. the method for electroplating in ultrasonic field aluminium alloy as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described plating posttreatment comprises plating after washing, drying, test package.
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| CN103643269A (en) * | 2013-11-11 | 2014-03-19 | 江西省首诺铜业有限公司 | Process of ultrasonic wave electroplating of copper foil |
| CN104562004B (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2017-01-04 | 江西富意美实业有限公司 | A kind of all kinds of temperature controller aluminium alloy temperature-sensing pipes and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107245740A (en) * | 2017-05-12 | 2017-10-13 | 江苏双汇电力发展股份有限公司 | The hot-dip aluminizing technique of the energy-saving anti-corrosion gold utensil of overhead transmission line |
| CN107644991A (en) * | 2017-07-24 | 2018-01-30 | 安泰科技股份有限公司 | La Mg Ni base hydrogenous alloys of Surface coating copper and preparation method thereof |
| CN110144609A (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2019-08-20 | 苏州普雷特电子科技有限公司 | A kind of electroplating processing method of repeatedly heavy zinc |
| CN110791789A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-02-14 | 湖州努特表面处理科技有限公司 | Ultrasonic wave integrated silver plating method |
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