CN103330952A - 131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab及其应用。131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab由氯胺-T氧化法制备,具体包括:131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab、分离纯化131I-FA8H1、测定放化纯和比活度。本发明的131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab,适用于核素显像诊断肝癌;用131I-FA8H1进行靶向治疗肝癌,131I-FA8H1可有效抑制肿瘤生长,比单独用FA8H1或131I都有明显好的效果;131I-FA8H1促使肿瘤组织大片坏死,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,并且不长时间抑制外周血wbc而降低机体免疫力的副作用,可见,抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab在制备用于治疗肝癌药物中具有很好的应用。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物医药技术领域,具体涉及一种131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab及其应用。
背景技术
原发性肝癌(下简称:肝癌)是世界范围内常见的恶性肿瘤之一,据世界卫生组织数据显示,全球每年新增约63万例,死亡人数约60万人,确诊的肝癌患者大多在一年内死亡。我国是世界上肝癌高发地区之一,所发生的肝癌约占全世界所有病例的55%,江苏省南通地区的启东市是我国肝癌高发区。目前对于肝癌的治疗,最有效的是肝癌早期手术,等到患者发现有症状时,肝癌已进入中晚期,常累及多个肝叶,出现侵犯门静脉和转移现象,此时传统的治疗方法,包括全身化疗、放疗、核素治疗,中药治疗,即便是异体肝移植,治疗效果都不尽如人意,寻找安全且更有效的治疗方法成为肝癌治疗研究领域关注的热点。
近年来,抗体靶向治疗肿瘤显示出良好的抗肿瘤效果,由于抗体高度特异靶向识别并结合抗原,单克隆抗体(以下简称为单抗)既可被当作一种治疗药物,也可被用作传递药物的载体。自Paul Ehrlich提出“魔弹”概念, Kohler和Milstein 1975年首次报道单抗的制备后,“魔弹”逐步进入实践运用。利用单抗将药物导向肿瘤细胞是一种理想的途径,为肿瘤治疗提供了新的手段。因鼠源单抗临床应用可产生人抗鼠(human anti-mouse antibody response,HAMA)反应,同时也降低抗体本身的治疗作用,难以在临床推广应用,所以人鼠嵌合抗体、鼠源抗体人源化、全人抗体及小分子抗体的研制成为抗体领域的研发重点。上市的单抗中绝大部分是通过基因工程抗体技术,从鼠单抗演变来的人鼠嵌合抗体。因抗体Fab片段由重链Fd段和完整的轻链组成,是完整抗体分子的三分之一,属于小分子抗体,具穿透力强,半衰期短的优势,所以人鼠嵌合Fab适用于人体疾病的靶向治疗。
最理想的治疗靶点是只针对肿瘤细胞,靶向药物杀死肿瘤细胞的同时又不影响正常细胞的生长,而且在体内不会引起蓄积中毒。目前国内外研究报道显示,以血管为靶向治疗肿瘤具特异、高效、安全的特点,且无针对血管的耐药性,其中以血管内皮生长因子(Vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)和血管内皮生长因子受体(Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)家族的三个亚型(VEGFR1、VEGFR2,VEGFR3)为靶向治疗肿瘤是一个重要目标。特别是VEGFR2在机体的生理和病理状态下对血管生成起重要作用;在内皮细胞的增殖、迁移、分化,小管腔形成,增进血管通透性和维持血管的完整性中,VEGF信号通路中的VEGFR2可能起到更为重要的作用。有报道在人类多种疾病中,包括肿瘤和老年性黄斑退化症,可出现VEGF和VEGFR2的上调,也有不少报道用抗体阻断血管生成的通路,可以抑制肿瘤生长和转移,所以VEGF或其受体可以作为抗血管生成的理想靶点,VEGF/VEGFR通路被认为是调节血管生成和抗肿瘤的最重要的通路之一。
VEGFR2作为一种细胞膜表面的跨膜蛋白,在多种肿瘤细胞及肿瘤新生血管上高表达,而且在肿瘤发生中起重要作用。近年来,VEGFR2在人类肿瘤中的表达研究日益增多,VEGFR2高表达现象已在非小细胞肺癌、头颈部鳞癌、直肠癌、乳腺癌,膀胱癌和肾癌等多种实体肿瘤组织中被发现,和肿瘤的生长、侵袭、转移等恶性行为关系密切,甚至直接影响到患者的预后。所以VEGFR2成为靶向治疗肿瘤的理想靶点。
肝癌的发生发展和其他肿瘤一样,和新生血管密切相关,而且肝癌组织内富于血管,特别容易出现门静脉侵犯。有文献报道显示,部分肝癌患者的肝癌细胞存在过表达VEGFR2的现象,以VEGFR2为靶点进行治疗肝癌成为可能。
有些抗肝癌药物(包括核素)即便在体外有效,在临床使用则难有好的治疗效果。其中重要的原因是肝癌组织内的血管排列无序无规则,加上肿瘤内部具高压,传统方法使用抗肿瘤药物难以取得好的效果。131I 是一种核素,释放β和γ两种射线,可用于临床诊断和治疗,它对细胞有很强的杀伤力,一般可以穿越50 个细胞,包括癌细胞和健康细胞。早在1953年Pressman就已经报道131I标记抗体的体内脏器定位显像成功;1978 年Goldenberg 报道,131I 标记CEA 抗体可用于诊断结直肠癌。这种以抗体为载体,放射性核素为“弹头”的“生物导弹”,在肿瘤的靶向治疗应用中成为热点。抗体标记放射性核素131I后,可以在尽量减少对健康细胞伤害的前提下,降低核素药物的用量进行靶向治疗,也可以配合肿瘤术后治疗,取得更好的治疗效果。
受江苏省社会科技发展计划项目(BS2007019)和江苏省卫生厅科研项目(H200938)资助,本研究首先制备具高特异性和高亲和力的鼠源抗人VEGFR2单抗,而后用基因工程抗体技术,建立一株保持原鼠抗特性的抗VEGFR2人鼠嵌合Fab;在此基础上,131I标记该嵌合Fab,以VEGFR2为靶点,进行靶向治疗肝癌的研究,探索131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab治疗肝癌的可能性和可行性。
发明内容
发明目的:针对现有技术中存在的不足,本发明的目的是提供一种131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab。本发明的另一目的是提供上述131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab的应用。以期实现为治疗癌症药物的制备提供有效途径。
技术方案:为了实现上述发明目的,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab,由氯胺-T氧化法制备,具体包括:
1)100 μg FA8H1加200 μL PB中;同时加60 μL Na131I混和均匀,再加100 μL氧化剂氯胺-T,室温下振荡反应1 min;而后向上述溶液中加200 μL偏焦亚硫酸钠,室温振荡反应5 min;最后加入2 mL 0.2%BSA-PBS,结束标记;
2)分离纯化131I- FA8H1:将上述反应液加入PD-10脱盐柱中,待液体全部流入柱内后持续加入0.2%BSA-PBS冲洗柱子;同时收集流出液体,每10滴收集一管,共收集30管;将收集的30管分别各取5 μL置于一新管中,做好相应标记;在全自动γ计数仪上分别读取各管的γ计数;根据结果判断131I-FA8H1的收集峰管,并计算同位素标记的效率;
3)测定放化纯和比活度:取出装有131I-FA8H1的峰管(5 μL/管),分别加750 μL 0.2%BSA-PBS和750 μL 10%的三氯乙酸(TCA)溶液,充分混匀,可见乳白色沉淀;室温离心,3 000 rpm,10 min;负压吸引器吸尽管中液体,依次测定各管沉淀的γ计数;根据公式计算每个峰管的放化纯,
放化纯% = 沉淀γ计数/相应峰管γ计数×100%
选取放化纯高的峰管合并收集,置于铅盒中4℃保存备用;
根据标记率及放射性活度计算131I-FA8H1的比活度。
所述的131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab在制备用于治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
本发明用氯胺-T法把核素131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab(FA8H1),形成131I-FA8H1;分别用FA8H1经流式细胞仪、131I-FA8H1经γ计数仪,检测5株肝癌细胞系的天然VEGFR2表达水平的高低,两方法一致显示BEL-7402肝癌细胞系的VEGFR2表达最高;用BEL-7402肝癌细胞系制备肝癌裸鼠模型,进行131I-FA8H1体内分布实验,注射131I-FA8H1 3天后,血液、内脏组织的%ID/g下降幅度较大,但肿瘤组织仍维持较高的峰值,而且远远高于其他内脏组织和血液中的%ID/g,131I-FA8H1适用于核素显像诊断肝癌;用131I-FA8H1进行靶向治疗肝癌, 131I-FA8H1可有效抑制肿瘤生长,比单独用FA8H1或131I都有明显好的效果; 131I-FA8H1促使肿瘤组织大片坏死,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,并且不长时间抑制外周血wbc而降低机体免疫力的副作用,说明该抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab可用于靶向治疗肝癌。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明的抗VEGFR2嵌合FAB,适用于核素显像诊断肝癌;用131I-FA8H1进行靶向治疗肝癌, 131I-FA8H1可有效抑制肿瘤生长,比单独用FA8H1或131I都有明显好的效果; 131I-FA8H1促使肿瘤组织大片坏死,诱导肝癌细胞凋亡,并且不长时间抑制外周血wbc而降低机体免疫力的副作用,可见,抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab在制备用于治疗肝癌药物中具有很好的应用。
附图说明
图1是γ计数仪测131I- FA8H1与肝癌细胞特异性结合图;
图2是131I-FA8H1在肝癌模型中的体内分布图;
图3是各组肝癌模型的肿瘤体积变化图。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明做进一步的说明。
以下实施例所使用的主要材料如下:
肝癌细胞系5株:BEL-7402、QCY-7701、SMMC-7721,HepG2和SK-HEP-1,购于中国科学院典型培养物保藏委员会细胞库。
鼠抗人FasL单抗,鼠抗人Caspase-3单抗,购于Abcam。
雄性4周龄BALB/c裸鼠,体重18-20g,购于上海斯莱克实验动物有限公司,裸鼠饲养于动物隔离器中,并置于无特定病原体屏障环境中。
碘(131I)化钠溶液购于成都中核高通同位素股份有限公司,核纯度≥99.9%。试验操作均符合国家相关的核药品管理、核辐射防护及核废物处理的要求。
注:本专利为CN101643509A和CN101531718A的后续研究,所使用的抗VEGFR2嵌合FAB以及单克隆抗体,均为之前的研究成果,且参照CN101643509A和CN101531718A即可获得。
实施例1
1)FACS:分别培养BEL-7402、QCY-7701、SMMC-7721,HepG2和SK-HEP-1至对数生长期;参照前述方法,通过FACS检测不同肝癌细胞系天然构象VEGFR2表达水平的差异,FA8H1浓度为10 μg/mL。结果显示为:SMMC-7721 (67.21%)、SK-HEP-1 (72.35%)、 HepG2 (80.45%)、QCY-7701 (84.94%),BEL-7402 (93.73%),其中表达天然构象VEGFR2最高为肝癌细胞系BEL-7402。
2)放射性同位素131I标记FA8H1(在专业试验室的通风橱内进行):
氯胺-T氧化法(Chloramine-T),下述为各试剂用量比例:100 μg FA8H1加200 μL PB(0.2 M, pH 8.0)中;同时加60 μL 约74 MBq Na131I(2.0 mCi)混和均匀,再加100 μL氧化剂氯胺-T(3 mg/mL),室温下振荡反应1 min;而后向上述溶液中加200 μL偏焦亚硫酸钠(5 mg/mL),室温振荡反应5 min;最后加入2 mL 0.2%BSA-PBS,结束标记。
分离纯化131I- FA8H1:将上述反应液加入PD-10脱盐柱中,待液体全部流入柱内后持续加入0.2%BSA-PBS冲洗柱子;同时收集流出液体,每10滴收集一管,共收集30管;将收集的30管分别各取5 μL置于一新管中,做好相应标记;在全自动γ计数仪上分别读取各管的γ计数;根据结果判断131I-FA8H1的收集峰管,并计算同位素标记的效率。
测定放化纯和比活度:取出装有131I-FA8H1的峰管(5 μL/管),分别加750 μL 0.2%BSA-PBS和750 μL 10%的三氯乙酸(TCA)溶液,充分混匀,可见乳白色沉淀。室温离心,3 000 rpm,10 min。负压吸引器吸尽管中液体,依次测定各管沉淀的γ计数。根据公式计算每个峰管的放化纯,
放化纯% = 沉淀γ计数/相应峰管γ计数×100%
选取放化纯高的峰管合并收集,置于铅盒中4℃保存备用。
根据标记率及放射性活度计算131I-FA8H1的比活度。结果显示,131I的FA8H1标记率为95.28%,放化纯>95%,比活度为1.0-1.5 mci/mg。
3)131I-FA8H1与肝癌细胞膜上天然构象VEGFR2的特异性结合鉴定
培养至对数生长期的BEL-7402、QCY-7701、SMMC-7721,HepG2和SK-HEP-1,分别用pH 7.4 PBS洗细胞一遍;向每个细胞培养瓶中均加入10 mL TrypLE Express细胞分离液(不含胰酶),37℃孵育10 min;用细胞刮将细胞刮落,再加入约20 mL pH 7.4 PBS,转入50 mL的离心管中,2 000 rpm离心,5 min;弃上清,用10 mL pH 7.4 PBS重悬细胞,每株细胞各取出2×106个细胞,2 000 rmp离心5 min后弃上清;
用0.2% BSA-PBS重悬细胞,并将每株细胞各分成两组,2 000 rmp离心5 min后弃上清;一组细胞用500 μL 0.2% BSA-PBS重悬,其中含有10 μg/mL 的131I- FA8H1(标记为specific binding, SB);另一组细胞和含有10 μg/mL 的131I- FA8H1以及200倍浓度FA8H1的500 μL 0.2% BSA-PBS混和(标记为non-specific binding, NSB),37℃水浴孵育1 h;2 000 rmp离心10 min,弃上清,用洗液PBS洗细胞两遍;彻底吸尽上清后,依次将两组沉淀置于γ计数中计数,本试验重复三次。
γ计数仪测得131I- FA8H1与各肝癌细胞天然构象VEGFR2的结合力,如图1所示,其中BEL-7402肝癌细胞最高,与上述流式细胞术检测结果一致。
4)建立裸鼠肝癌模型
筛出高表达天然构象VEGFR2的肝癌细胞系,并扩大培养至对数生长期,裸鼠右前肢(俯卧位)皮下注射肝癌细胞成瘤,每只裸鼠注射2×107个肝癌细胞 (重悬于100 μL不含血清的DMEM培养基);成瘤后,根据肿瘤直径和实验需要,将BALB/c裸鼠随机分组。
选取BEL-7402肝癌细胞系,建立高表达天然构象VEGFR2的肝癌模型。约两周后,肿瘤直径达0.3 cm,取48只肝癌裸鼠模型用于131I-FA8H1治疗实验。其余裸鼠大约四周时,肿瘤直径达1.0 cm,取36只用于131I-FA8H1体内分布实验。
5)131I-FA8H1的体内分布
注射131I-FA8H1前,每只裸鼠灌胃2% KI溶液0.2 mL,之后将2% KI溶液加入裸鼠饮水中,使终浓度为0.1%,至本部分实验结束。
取36只肿瘤长至1.0 cm的肝癌裸鼠模型,每只裸鼠通过尾静脉注射10 μCi 131I-FA8H1溶液;留单只注射量的131I-FA8H1为标准源,作对应时间标准放射性活性矫正。
体内分布检测
给药后1 h、6 h、12 h、24 h,48 h和72 h共6个时间点,每时间点取杀裸鼠6只,进行下列步骤:
裸鼠断头放血处死,取鼠血液、肿瘤、心、肝、脾、肺、肾、骨骼肌、脑等内脏组织,称重并用γ计数仪测放射性活性 (counts per minute, CPM);计算不同时间点每克组织的注射百分数(percentage of injected dose, %ID/g),公式如下:
%ID/g=组织CPM/对照标准源CPM/组织重量(g)×100%
结果如图2所示,注射131I-FA8H1经24 h后,肿瘤%ID/g达到最高峰值,高于其他内脏组织和血液中的%ID/g;72 h后,肿瘤组织的%ID/g仍维持较高的峰值,明显高于脑、心、肝、脾,肺组织和血液中的%ID/g(F=5.33,P<0.0001)。
6)131I-FA8H1靶向治疗肝癌
通过尾静脉注射131I-FA8H1:取48只肿瘤长至0.3 cm的肝癌裸鼠模型,按前述方法5.1保护裸鼠甲状腺,其中3组分别注射约100、200和300 μCi 131I-FA8H1溶液;另设3对照组单独注射131I(300 μCi)或FA8H1(300 μg)及等体积PBS。
观察治疗作用:治疗前第一周开始,每周测一次所有治疗组的裸鼠外周血白细胞数值,每周一次游标卡尺测肿瘤体积(tumor volume, TV)变化,计算公式为:
TV = a×b×c×π/6 其中a、b、c分别表示肿瘤长径、短径和横径
治疗第8周取杀治疗组裸鼠,取肿瘤组织,测体积并称重,评价治疗效果。
肿瘤组织投入预先配好的10%福尔马林固定液中,固定后制蜡块。
HE和IHC染色:步骤及结果判断同前,IHC中用FasL和Caspase-3为第一抗体。
由图3可见,单用131I或FA8H1可抑制肿瘤体积增大,131I-FA8H1比单用131I或FA8H1抑制肿瘤体积增大效果好;多因素方差分析结果显示,抑制作用有差异(F= 9.88,P <0.0001)。
通过测量各组肝癌模型治疗后的平均瘤重,不同的治疗方法,抑制瘤重效果不同(F= 701.45,P<0.0001),131I-FA8H1剂量增大,抑制瘤重效果明显(F= 17.07,P<0.0001)。
IHC检测肝癌组织中FasL和Caspase-3的表达,各组肝癌组织FasL和Caspase-3阳性程度的比较;经Kwallis-Wallis秩和检验,不同组别中FasL和Caspase-3表达有差异,131I-FA8H1中的表达比对照组明显高。
Claims (2)
1.一种131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab,其特征在于,由氯胺-T氧化法制备,具体包括:
1)100 μg FA8H1加200 μL PB中;同时加60 μL Na131I混和均匀,再加100 μL氧化剂氯胺-T,室温下振荡反应1 min;而后向上述溶液中加200 μL偏焦亚硫酸钠,室温振荡反应5 min;最后加入2 mL 0.2%BSA-PBS,结束标记;
2)分离纯化131I- FA8H1:将上述反应液加入PD-10脱盐柱中,待液体全部流入柱内后持续加入0.2%BSA-PBS冲洗柱子;同时收集流出液体,每10滴收集一管,共收集30管;将收集的30管分别各取5 μL置于一新管中,做好相应标记;在全自动γ计数仪上分别读取各管的γ计数;根据结果判断131I-FA8H1的收集峰管,并计算同位素标记的效率;
3)测定放化纯和比活度:取出装有131I-FA8H1的峰管(5 μL/管),分别加750 μL 0.2%BSA-PBS和750 μL 10%的三氯乙酸(TCA)溶液,充分混匀,可见乳白色沉淀;室温离心,3 000 rpm,10 min;负压吸引器吸尽管中液体,依次测定各管沉淀的γ计数;根据公式计算每个峰管的放化纯,
放化纯% = 沉淀γ计数/相应峰管γ计数×100%
选取放化纯高的峰管合并收集,置于铅盒中4℃保存备用;
根据标记率及放射性活度计算131I-FA8H1的比活度。
2.权利要求1所述的131I标记抗VEGFR2嵌合Fab在制备用于治疗肝癌药物中的应用。
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CN110183533A (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-30 | 上海深景医药科技有限公司 | 耐昔妥珠单抗的放射性碘标记物、其制备方法和应用 |
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