CN103328838A - 滚动轴承 - Google Patents

滚动轴承 Download PDF

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CN103328838A
CN103328838A CN2011800661598A CN201180066159A CN103328838A CN 103328838 A CN103328838 A CN 103328838A CN 2011800661598 A CN2011800661598 A CN 2011800661598A CN 201180066159 A CN201180066159 A CN 201180066159A CN 103328838 A CN103328838 A CN 103328838A
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recessed pocket
rolling element
rolling bearing
rolling
empty
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CN103328838B (zh
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彼得·弗里德里希
米夏埃尔·克吕格尔
斯特芬·塞比西
海因茨·夏法斯
马蒂亚斯·菲克
曼弗雷德·温克勒
约翰内斯·恩德斯
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Fifth Schaeffler Investment Management & CoKg GmbH
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/4617Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages
    • F16C33/4623Massive or moulded cages having cage pockets surrounding the rollers, e.g. machined window cages formed as one-piece cages, i.e. monoblock cages
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/467Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D53/00Making other particular articles
    • B21D53/10Making other particular articles parts of bearings; sleeves; valve seats or the like
    • B21D53/12Making other particular articles parts of bearings; sleeves; valve seats or the like cages for bearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/46Cages for rollers or needles
    • F16C33/467Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means
    • F16C33/4676Details of individual pockets, e.g. shape or roller retaining means of the stays separating adjacent cage pockets, e.g. guide means for the bearing-surface of the rollers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/66Special parts or details in view of lubrication
    • F16C33/6637Special parts or details in view of lubrication with liquid lubricant
    • F16C33/6681Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearing, e.g. grooves on the cage or passages in the rolling elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/22Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing rollers essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows, e.g. needle bearings
    • F16C19/44Needle bearings
    • F16C19/46Needle bearings with one row or needles
    • F16C19/463Needle bearings with one row or needles consisting of needle rollers held in a cage, i.e. subunit without race rings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2220/00Shaping
    • F16C2220/60Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining
    • F16C2220/66Shaping by removing material, e.g. machining by milling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16CSHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2361/00Apparatus or articles in engineering in general
    • F16C2361/61Toothed gear systems, e.g. support of pinion shafts
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643Rotary bearing

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种具有滚动轴承保持架(1)的滚动轴承,该滚动轴承保持架具有多个布置成至少一列的滚动体凹兜(2),其用于容纳至少一列滚动体,其中,该滚动轴承保持架(1)由两个侧环(3)和多个连接侧环的横向接片(4)构成,在这些接片之间形成滚动体凹兜(2),并且该滚动轴承保持架具有至少一个空凹兜(5)。为了实现低成本地制造相对于完全装备有滚动体的滚动轴承保持架具有尽可能小的改变的该滚动轴承保持架(1),根据本发明设置的是,该滚动轴承保持架(1)在一列中装备有比该滚动体凹兜(2)的数量更少的滚动体,并且由此该滚动轴承保持架(1)在至少一列滚动体凹兜(2)中具有不带有滚动体的空凹兜(5)。该空凹兜(5)可以以简单的方式通过取走一个或多个滚动体来实现,由此创造了用于润滑介质的储存空间。此外,该空凹兜(5)可以通过有针对性的成型以如下方式构造,即,至少在一个转动方向上产生运输作用或者抽吸作用。本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种滚动轴承保持架的方法。

Description

滚动轴承
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有滚动轴承保持架的滚动轴承,该滚动轴承保持架具有多个布置成至少一列的滚动体凹兜,其用于容纳至少一列滚动体,其中,该滚动轴承保持架由两个侧环和多个连接侧环的横向接片构成,在这些接片之间形成滚动体凹兜,并且该滚动轴承保持架具有至少一个空凹兜。此外,本发明还涉及一种用于制造这种滚动轴承保持架的方法。
背景技术
用于滚动轴承的这种保持架在DE 10 2005 027 186 A1中描述。该滚动轴承保持架由圆筒形的基体构成,在该基体上构造有至少一列在周向上彼此相距开的、用于容纳滚动体的滚动体凹兜,并且在该基体上构造有轴向上布置在该滚动体凹兜旁边的一列例如用于容纳润滑剂的空凹兜。
缺点是,当滚动体的常见长度被维持时,这种公知的滚动轴承保持架建造得比常规的一列或多列滚动轴承保持架更宽,或者必须降低该滚动体的长度,以便补偿该空凹兜的附加的轴向空间需求。由此提高了这种公知的滚动轴承保持架的制造费用,这是因为增加了材料需求,需要用于空凹兜的附加的加工费用,并且在滚动体缩短的情况下降低了配备有这种滚动轴承保持架的滚动轴承的承载量。
发明内容
在该背景下,本发明的任务在于提出一种具有滚动轴承保持架的滚动轴承,该滚动轴承保持架可简单地制造,不需要比传统的滚动轴承保持架更大的材料费用、其尺寸相对于传统的滚动轴承保持架并没有发生变化,并且与此相应地在实践中具有相同的特性,以及能够实现有针对性的润滑介质输入。此外,本发明的任务还在于给出一种用于制造这种滚动轴承保持架的方法。
为了解决该任务,本发明以具有滚动轴承保持架的滚动轴承为出发点,该滚动轴承保持架具有多个布置成至少一列的滚动体凹兜,其用于容纳至少一列滚动体,其中,该滚动轴承保持架由两个侧环和多个连接这些侧环的横向接片构成,在这些接片之间形成滚动体凹兜,其中,该滚动轴承保持架具有至少一个空凹兜。根据本发明设置的是,该滚动轴承保持架在一列中装备有比该滚动体凹兜的数量更少的滚动体,由此该滚动轴承保持架在至少一列滚动体凹兜中具有至少一个不带有滚动体的空凹兜。
相对于滚动轴承保持架的所有的滚动体凹兜都装备有滚动体的滚动轴承保持架,该滚动轴承保持架可以同样被制造,但是至少一个滚动体凹兜不装备有滚动体并由此形成空凹兜。该空凹兜用于容纳和/或分配润滑介质。
同样可以实现的是,通过取走滚动体来形成多个空凹兜,其中,优选将空凹兜的最大数量限制在如下程度上,即,仅每两个滚动体凹兜装备有一个滚动体。
根据本发明的一种改进方案,为了在保持架的至少一个转动方向上产生该保持架的空凹兜的运输作用或者抽吸作用,空凹兜可以具有不同于该滚动体凹兜的形状。原则上,空凹兜可以具有任意的几何结构,例如像倾斜的、锥形的、球形的、多变的、不对称的、小于或大于滚动体凹兜的几何结构。其具体的几何结构可以单独地通过节省制造时间和/或其抽吸作用来确定,其中,避免了通过第一制造步骤而制成的空凹兜的后加工。
当例如该滚动体凹兜通过机械加工来制造时,其方法是:首先借助于柱体形铣刀以固定的间距将滚动体凹兜添加到滚动轴承保持架的周边中,那么设置用于容纳滚动体的凹兜紧接着可以借助于另一成型铣刀工具而设有底切部,以便防止滚动体在组装前脱落,并且在运行中精确地引导它们。至少一个空凹兜不具有这种底切部,由此节省了制造成本。
根据本发明的滚动体保持架可以优选一体式地由合成材料制成并且构造为用于容纳滚针轴承的轴承滚针。
此外,为了解决提到的任务,提出一种用于制造前面描述的类型的滚动轴承保持架的方法,根据该方法,至少底切部在滚动体凹兜的区域中借助于成型铣刀而被制造。在这种情况下,可以在第一步骤中借助于柱体形铣刀预加工滚动体凹兜,并且借助于相同的柱体形铣刀空凹兜被添加完成。
当滚动轴承保持架由金属,例如由黄铜实心地构成时,借助铣刀来完全机械地加工滚动体凹兜和空凹兜被优选使用。
当滚动轴承保持架由合成材料构成时,那么可以实现的是,滚动体凹兜和空凹兜通过布置在注塑摸具中的滑块(Schieber)来形成。因为由此该注塑工具变得非常昂贵并且成本很高,所以这种制造方式仅在件数非常大的情况下才具有优点。
当借助于柱体形铣刀径向地添加滚动体凹兜时并且当借助于相同的柱体形铣刀以某一偏心距将空凹兜添加到保持架坯件中时,那么如下空凹兜被得到,其变体或者中心线在周向上与从保持架纵轴线出发的半径形成某一角度。由此,可以根据转动方向实现径向上朝内或者径向上朝外指向的、用于润滑介质的抽吸作用。在此,将空凹兜的中心线理解为该空凹兜的两个轴向取向的壁之间的、轴向延伸的中心。
为了制造滚动体凹兜的底切部而使用的成型铣刀在该滚动体凹兜中径向指向地沿着借助于柱体形铣刀制造的滚动体凹兜的侧壁引导,其中,可以实现的是,首先借助于柱体形铣刀来制造滚动轴承保持架中的所有凹兜包括偏心的空凹兜,以便随后紧接着以相同的方式借助于成型铣刀将底切部添加到滚动体凹兜中。
当用于容纳并且驱动两个平行的柱体形铣刀和一个与其间隔开的径向指向的成型铣刀的铣刀头被设置时,也可以实现借助于柱体形铣刀制造滚动体凹兜并且同时借助于成型铣刀制造底切部。
附图说明
下面参考附图对根据本发明构造的滚动轴承的优选实施方式进行详细阐述。在此:
图1示出穿过根据本发明的滚动轴承保持架的径向剖面,其带有在其制造期间的加工工具;以及
图2示出按照图1的根据本发明的滚动轴承保持架的俯视图,该滚动轴承保持架确定用于容纳滚动轴承滚针。
具体实施方式
在图1和图2中示出的滚动轴承保持架1是用于滚针轴承的实心保持架,尤其用于在传动装置中的空套轮支承装置。该滚动轴承保持架1可以由合成材料或者金属构成,尤其由黄铜构成。该滚动轴承保持架1具有滚动体凹兜2和至少一个空凹兜5,它们在连接两个平行侧环3的横向接片4之间形成。滚动体凹兜2通过如下方式区别于空凹兜5,即,滚动体凹兜2设有底切部6,以便确保在滚动体凹兜2中的未示出的轴承滚针不会脱落并且在运行中得以引导。底切部6通过如下方式来确定尺寸,即,滚针以很小的压力就可以导入滚动体凹兜2中并且于是不会脱落地保持在其中。该滚动轴承保持架1单列地示出,但是如果结构上的关系需要,它也可以两列或者多列地构造。
所示实施例示出了轴承保持架1,其滚动体凹兜2和空凹兜5借助于铣削被添加到该滚动轴承保持架1中。为了制造该滚动体凹兜2,柱体形铣刀7径向地朝着该滚动轴承保持架1移动,直到它像所示出的那样穿透该滚动轴承保持架1,紧接着该柱体形铣刀7和/或该滚动轴承保持架1轴向移动,以便在所要求的长度上铣出滚动体凹兜2。
为了制造和滚动体凹兜2有不同横截面的空凹兜5,该柱体形铣刀7或者该滚动轴承保持架1可以横向于该铣刀7的纵轴线相对于保持架纵轴线10移动一偏心距9,紧接着以与前面提到的滚动体凹兜2相同的方式借助于相同的柱体形铣刀7制成该空凹兜5。基于该偏心距9,该空凹兜5的侧壁或者中心线11以某一角度相对于该保持架纵轴线10延伸,由此实现了针对滚动轴承中的润滑介质的有针对性的运输作用或抽吸作用。
如图1中所示,为了制造该底切部6,成型铣刀8被径向地导入预先制成的滚动体凹兜2中,紧接着抵着该滚动体凹兜2的侧壁移动,并且随后轴向地沿着该滚动体壁移动,由此形成第一底切部6。在预加工的滚动体凹兜2的端部上,该成型铣刀8沿周向在该滚动体凹兜2的对置的侧壁的方向上轴向移动,由此该滚动体凹兜2的基本上笔直的端部面被添加。在到达该滚动体凹兜2的第二侧壁之后,该成型铣刀8或者该滚动轴承保持架1在相反的方向上轴向移动,直至到达该滚动体凹兜2的相反的端部。随后还要进行该端部面的加工,作为最后的加工,从而该滚动体凹兜2的在图1和图2中清楚可见的形状被添加。
所示实施例仅示出了被添加的空凹兜5,但是也可以实现的是,将多于一个空凹兜5添加该滚动轴承保持架1中,最多例如交替地将具有底切部6的滚动体凹兜2和具有倾斜侧壁的空凹兜5添加该滚动轴承保持架1中。
为了实现滚动体凹兜2和空凹兜5的合理制造,两个平行的柱体形铣刀7和一个成型铣刀8以所示的方式布置在一个铣刀头中,从而相应一个滚动体凹兜2借助于该柱体形铣刀7被预加工、空凹兜5被加工完成并且借助于成型铣刀8被预加工的滚动体凹兜2被加工完成。
此外,也可以实现的是,在如下长度上构造该柱体形铣刀7’和该成型铣刀,即,可以在一次通行中铣出径向对置的滚动体凹兜2。
当该滚动轴承保持架1构造为实心的合成材料保持架时,滚动体凹兜2和空凹兜5可以在注塑模具中通过相应的滑块构造,该滑块可以基本上径向移动。不过为了构造底切部6,滑块必须在所移入的位置中可展开并且为了移出而可在周向上靠拢,因此其可以脱离该底切部6并且可被拔出。这种设有大量滑块的注塑模具是非常昂贵的并且制造成本很高,并因此仅适用于这种滚动轴承保持架1的批量生产。
像图1中所示的那样,不需要滚动体的空凹兜5可以被添加为具有平行的并且相对于保持架纵轴线10倾斜某一角度的侧壁。同样可以实现的是,在径向上散开或者聚拢地制造滚动体凹兜的侧壁,由此锥形地或者也球形地、不对称地或者比该滚动体凹兜2更小或更大地加工出该侧壁。在加工空凹兜5时,可以采取制造上简化的措施,尤其是可以更简单地设计用于加工空凹兜5的工具。根据这种设计方案的类型可以实现的是,产生有针对性的运输作用或抽吸作用,或者还针对润滑介质流调整一种抑制或阻碍作用。这些作用可以依赖于滚动轴承的转速和转动方向。
附图标记列表
1        滚动轴承保持架
2        滚动体凹兜
3        侧环
4        横向接片
5        空凹兜
6        底切部
7、7’   柱体形铣刀
8        成型铣刀
9        偏心距
10       保持架纵轴线
11       空凹兜的中心线

Claims (10)

1.一种具有滚动轴承保持架(1)的滚动轴承,所述滚动轴承保持架具有多个布置成至少一列的滚动体凹兜(2),其用于容纳至少一列滚动体,其中,所述滚动轴承保持架(1)由两个侧环(3)和多个连接侧环的横向接片(4)构成,在其间形成所述滚动体凹兜(2),并且所述滚动轴承保持架具有至少一个空凹兜(5),其特征在于,所述滚动轴承保持架(1)在列中装备有比所述滚动体凹兜(2)的数量更少的滚动体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个空凹兜(5)具有不同于所述滚动体凹兜(2)的形状。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个空凹兜(5)构造为用于容纳和/或分配润滑介质。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个空凹兜(5)如此成型,即,至少在一个转动方向上产生运输作用或者抽吸作用。
5.根据权利要求1至4之一所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述至少一个空凹兜(5)的中心线(11)与从所述保持架纵轴线(10)出发的半径形成角度。
6.根据权利要求1至5之一所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述横向接片(4)和/或所述侧环(3)在所述滚动体凹兜(2)的区域中具有底切部(6),其用于防止滚动体在组装前脱落,并且所述空凹兜(5)构造为没有底切部(6)。
7.根据权利要求1至6之一所述的滚动轴承,其特征在于,所述滚动体凹兜(2)构造为用于容纳轴承滚针。
8.一种用于制造根据权利要求1至7之一所述的滚动轴承保持架(1)的方法,其特征在于,在第一步骤中借助于柱体形铣刀(7)预加工所述滚动体凹兜(2),并且借助于所述柱体形铣刀(7)或者另一柱体形铣刀(7)将所述空凹兜(5)加工完成。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其特征在于,至少所述底切部(6)在所述滚动体凹兜(2)的区域中借助于成型铣刀(8)而被制造。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法,其特征在于,借助于所述柱体形铣刀(7)径向加工出所述滚动体凹兜(2),并且借助于所述柱体形铣刀或者另一柱体形铣刀(7)以偏心距(9)加工出所述空凹兜(5)。
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