CN103323285A - Freezing sampler for sediments in different depth of rivers or lakes - Google Patents
Freezing sampler for sediments in different depth of rivers or lakes Download PDFInfo
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- CN103323285A CN103323285A CN2013101759965A CN201310175996A CN103323285A CN 103323285 A CN103323285 A CN 103323285A CN 2013101759965 A CN2013101759965 A CN 2013101759965A CN 201310175996 A CN201310175996 A CN 201310175996A CN 103323285 A CN103323285 A CN 103323285A
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Abstract
The invention provides a freezing sampler for sediments in different depth of rivers or lakes. The upper end of a conical head is fixedly connected with the lower end of a sampling tube. A liquid nitrogen inducing tube is arranged in the sampling tube. The liquid nitrogen inducing tube and a venting joint are respectively and fixedly connected with an end cover 5. The lower end of the venting joint is communicated with the sampling tube. The upper end of the sampling tube is in threaded connection with the end cover. A sealing gasket is arranged between the sampling tube and the end cover. Cable holes are arranged on the end cover. The freezing sampler has a maximum sampling depth of 1.5 m in relative to the limited sampling depth of a common gravity-type columnar sampler, and the depth range of sediment sampling is enlarged. The freezing sampler, in relative to a freezing sampler which uses dry ice as a freeze agent, has the sampling tube with an appropriate thickness of tube diameter, is suitable for both loose and hard sediments, and the scope of application is expanded, and the freezing sampler has the advantages of low cost and fast and convenient sampling. Through use of the freezing sampler, disturbance on the sediments is smaller, undisturbedness of the sediments in different depth can be greatly maintained, and the accuracy of the sample analysis of the sediments can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud, belong to the Icing Sampler technical field.
Background technology
The mud shape thing that is deposited on the water bottom zone that the bed mud in river or lake is comprised of clay, flour sand, sand, organism or various mineral matter.For the river course, bed mud be mainly derived from soil erosion action, animals and plants body decomposition and enter particle contained in the sewage in river course.Allogenic material enters the lake, and is deposited in the bed mud.Mainly accumulate the storehouse as the pollutant in river, lake, bed mud not only can directly reflect the pollution history of water body, and the pollutant in the bed mud also can be by effects such as desorb, dissolving, biological decompositions under certain condition, discharge various pollutants to overlying water, the important sources of secondary pollution of water, to human health and environment structure serious threat.Therefore, as the source of polluting, the pollution situation of understanding the source be harness a river, the first step of the water pollutions such as lake, bay, and sediment sampler pollutes and lays a good foundation for analyzing river or bottom mud in lake.The column core of sediments sampling thief of developing at present is of a great variety, mainly contains gravity sampling thief, piston type sampling thief, link-type sampling thief and drilling type sampling thief etc.Using more is gravity type sampling thief and piston type sampling thief.Now that main both at home and abroad sediment sampler brief introduction is as follows:
Gravity type coring apparatus, both at home and abroad in 5 meters of the applicable depth of waters of gravity type coring apparatus commonly used, sampling thief is long 1m generally, and critical piece comprises cutting head, PVC sampling pipe, extension rod, impacts handle, lifting gear etc.Its principle of work is: before sampling, cutting head is installed in the sampling pipe bottom, and packing ring is installed in the top and cutting head is connected belt closely to connect with the banding sampling pipe with packing ring.The available sampling pipe of this structure is 1.5 meters to the maximum.Diaphragm of rubber is installed in the cutting head, can under certain pressure, expands and close cutting head intact preservation of sample when guaranteeing that sampling thief is mentioned fully.The hammering head at expansion connecting link and top can be inserted into sampling thief in the bed mud.The use of piston in the cutting head has avoided sampling thief that sample is produced compression.The sample compressibility maximum of sampling thief collection only has 4～5%, and other sampling system can be compressed more than 30% usually.
After sampling pipe was sealed, by using extra water-pneumatic discharging and piece-rate system, sample can be subdivided into the segment sample of 10cm length, and for fields such as chemical analyses.Keep original cross-section structure and the density of sample.Main advantage is: sufficient diameter space, reduce the intersection of sample and disperse.Sampling thief is light, is simple and easy to usefulness, can gather a lot of samples in one day.The use of small pressure pump and large-scale hose coupling makes system have maximum dirigibility and widespread use.Can be used for various dissimilar sediments, from very soft noncohesive, to the sand ground of non-curing, also irrelevant with the level of soil.
Yet still there are some problems in gravity type coring apparatus, is mainly manifested in:, there is the part disturbance in (1) when sampling, sometimes even can destroy the sediment sequence; (2) sample mode is single, and is relatively poor to the integrated adaptability of difference sampling environment, particularly can't satisfy the sampling work under the different water depth condition.
The piston type coring apparatus, this sampler can arrive water bottom mud and gather mud than the depths, and is better to the mud chromatographic analysis.The piston type coring apparatus is used for using very simply and all being suitable in shallow water and deep water from soft, sandy and medium-hard water bottom sampling.Principle: when under the sampling thief when water, the sampling thief top automatic vent the air overboard of meeting and water, when sampling thief enters the bottom, when entering in the mud, water can be got rid of fully, upwards draw sampling thief this moment, and transparent sampling pipe becomes vacuum state under the effect of piston, and the mud in the assurance sampling pipe is toward leaking outside.
The piston type coring apparatus still has some shortcomings, and the sample length of domestic piston type columnar sampler commonly used is about 0.6～1m, uses this equipment can't satisfy for darker sedimental sampling work.In addition, for satisfying sampling work, the material of piston type coring apparatus mostly is plastics, and the bed mud analytical work of organic contamination is had certain influence, and easily is out of shape during on-site sampling, and comparatively hard sediment sampling also is difficult to finish smoothly.
Icing Sampler, Freezing Sampling Technique mainly are in order to solve the problem of sampling of the waters shallow sediments such as lake, reservoir.Employed freezing method majority is that dry ice adds alcoholic solution, to obtain high-quality non-disturbance Muddy Bottoms sample and interfacial water sample.Its principle of work is: at the in-built refrigerating fulid of sampling head, rely on gravity injection sedimentary deposit, after stopping certain hour, because heat is taken away in the refrigerating fulid vaporization, sample is frozen in outside surface (sheet sample) or inner cavity chamber's (cylindrical sample) of sampler, thereby obtains sediment sample and the interface of original state.
The shortcoming of Icing Sampler is: after (1) sampling thief entered bed mud, some ice quantity not sufficients also needed sampling thief is pulled out the water surface, continue sampling behind the additional dry ice; (2) relatively poor to the applicability of Various Seasonal, as in summer, the dry ice highly volatile increases the sampling difficulty; (3) owing to adopting dry ice to fill sampling pipe or cutting head, the sampling thief design comparison is thick, and for harder bed mud, the difficulty that sampling thief enters bed mud is larger.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is in order to solve the problem that sampling depth is little, sample original state retention is poor of existing Sediments sampler, and then a kind of Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud is provided.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud, comprise: conical head, sampling pipe, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe, sealing gasket, end cap and exhaust joint, the upper end of described conical head and the lower end of sampling pipe are affixed, the liquid nitrogen ingress pipe is arranged in the sampling pipe, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe and exhaust joint are affixed with end cap 5 respectively, and the lower end of exhaust joint is connected with sampling pipe, and the upper end of sampling pipe is threaded with end cap, be provided with sealing gasket between sampling pipe and the end cap, end cap is provided with cable hole.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention is simple in structure, and (approximately 0.8～1m), maximum sampling depth of the present invention can reach 1.5m, has enlarged the depth range of bed mud sampling with respect to the limited sampling depth of traditional gravity formula columnar sampler.
Two, the present invention is the freezing sampling thief of dry ice with respect to freezing mixture, and sampling caliber thickness is suitable, and loose and hard deposit all are suitable for, and has enlarged the scope of application, and with low cost, sampling rapid and convenient.
Three, with respect to the gravity type columnar sampler, sampling thief of the present invention is less to the disturbance of bed mud, can greatly keep the sedimental original state of different depth, has improved the accuracy that sediment sample is analyzed.
Four, the freezing sampling thief of conventional deposition thing uses dry ice and alcohol to be freezing mixture, and strict and dry ice is volatile to the dry ice size requirements, not portable, sampling work is subject to weather effect.The present invention uses liquid nitrogen as freezing mixture, and is easy to carry, is not subjected to weather effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the cross-sectional view of end cap 5;
Fig. 3 is that the A of Fig. 2 is to view;
Fig. 4 is the cross-sectional view of knocking cap 8;
Fig. 5 is that the B of Fig. 4 is to view.
Embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing: the present embodiment is implemented under take technical solution of the present invention as prerequisite, has provided detailed embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Such as Fig. 1～shown in Figure 5, a kind of Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud that the present embodiment is related, comprise: conical head 1, sampling pipe 2, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3, sealing gasket 4, end cap 5 and exhaust joint 6, the lower end of the upper end of described conical head 1 and sampling pipe 2 is affixed, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3 is arranged in the sampling pipe 2, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3 and exhaust joint 6 are affixed with end cap 5 respectively, the lower end of exhaust joint 6 is connected with sampling pipe 2, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3 links to each other with nitrogen pot by low temperature resistant stainless steel flexible hose, exhaust joint 6 tops and Teflon flexible pipe are sealingly connected to more than the water surface, the upper end of sampling pipe 2 is threaded with end cap 5, be provided with sealing gasket 4 between sampling pipe 2 and the end cap 5, end cap 5 is provided with cable hole 9.
Further, also comprise extension rod 7 and knock cap 8, the lower end of described extension rod 7 spins by the upper end of external thread and end cap 5, and the top of liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3 communicates with extension rod 7, the top of extension rod 7 and knock cap 8 and spin.Extension rod 7 is the inner hollow pipe, and caliber and sampling pipe 2 are consistent, and determine whether the quantity of needs extension rod and extension rod according to sampling depth; Knock cap 8 and be hollow design, can be nested in extension rod 7 one ends and be used for the gravity hammering, certain correcting effect is also arranged simultaneously.Extension rod and sampling thief can be used in conjunction with flexibly, have widened the sample range of bed mud.
The internal diameter of described sampling pipe 2 is 80mm, and wall thickness is 3mm, and thickness is suitable, can guarantee that sampling pipe moves down smoothly, can not increase short time set because of pressure again.
Described conical head 1, sampling pipe 2, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe 3, end cap 5, exhaust joint 6, extension rod 7 and knock cap 8 and be stainless steel material and make.
Using method: aboard ship or on the operating platform with sampling pipe with end cap connects and end cap to be fixed and kept sampling thief with hawser be plumbness, after connecting liquid nitrogen container and low temperature resistant stainless steel flexible hose and Teflon flexible pipe and exhaust joint, sampling thief can vertically fall in water under the effect of self gravitation.When sampling pipe sank to Sediment Interface, sampling pipe inserted in the sediment under the effect of sampling thief self gravitation.If sampling depth is darker, considering increases extension rod in the sampling pipe upper end.In the situation that sediment is comparatively fine and close, need to increase the hammering system, cap is knocked in collocation on the extension rod top, and cap is knocked in artificial hammering, and sampling pipe is inserted in the fine and close sediment, increases to gather the sedimental degree of depth.After arriving designated depth, open the liquid nitrogen valve, in sampling pipe, be filled with liquid nitrogen, be filled with preset vol after, leave standstill 10～30min,, after the sampling pipe outer wall freezes, with hawser sampling thief is extracted and to be finished sampling process until bed mud.
The bed mud sample is because on the freezing outer wall that all sticks to sampling pipe, after sampling pipe is extracted, can substantially keep institute's sample thief is that bed mud is original state sample, and sample is attached to the sampling thief outer wall, can directly observe the vertical distribution of bed mud sample greatly improve the observability feature of sample.During sampling, after liquid nitrogen thoroughly volatilizees, in sampling pipe, pour into hot water, the ring-type pillar that bed mud forms can be spun off from sampling thief, and scrape off the bed mud that the top layer is subjected to disturbance with a minute sample cutter, take a sample to research by different depth.
The above; only be the better embodiment of the present invention; these embodiments all are based on the different implementations under the general idea of the present invention; and protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claims.
Claims (4)
1. Icing Sampler that is used for river or lake different depth bed mud, it is characterized in that, comprise: conical head (1), sampling pipe (2), liquid nitrogen ingress pipe (3), sealing gasket (4), end cap (5) and exhaust joint (6), the lower end of the upper end of described conical head (1) and sampling pipe (2) is affixed, liquid nitrogen ingress pipe (3) is arranged in the sampling pipe (2), liquid nitrogen ingress pipe (3) and exhaust joint (6) are affixed with end cap (5) respectively, the lower end of exhaust joint (6) is connected with sampling pipe (2), the upper end of sampling pipe (2) is threaded with end cap (5), be provided with sealing gasket (4) between sampling pipe (2) and the end cap (5), end cap (5) is provided with cable hole (9).
2. the Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, also comprise extension rod (7) and knock cap (8), the lower end of described extension rod (7) spins by the upper end of external thread and end cap (5), the top of liquid nitrogen ingress pipe (3) communicates with extension rod (7), the top of extension rod (7) with knock cap (8) and spin.
3. the Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the internal diameter of described sampling pipe (2) is 80mm, and wall thickness is 3mm.
4. the Icing Sampler for river or lake different depth bed mud according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described conical head (1), sampling pipe (2), liquid nitrogen ingress pipe (3), end cap (5), exhaust joint (6), extension rod (7) and knock cap (8) and be stainless steel material and make.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2013101759965A CN103323285A (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | Freezing sampler for sediments in different depth of rivers or lakes |
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| CN2013101759965A CN103323285A (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | Freezing sampler for sediments in different depth of rivers or lakes |
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Cited By (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103728153A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-16 | 中山大学 | Directional minitype soft clay sampling device |
| CN104535368A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 安徽工业大学 | Original-sequence bottom mud sampler and sampling method |
| CN106872207A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-20 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | It is rotated into accounting for formula channel aggradation thing sampling apparatus under a kind of Gravitative Loads |
| CN107764586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-06 | 河海大学 | Vertical freezing sampling apparatus and its application method |
| CN107796660A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-13 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | A kind of undisturbed stratified substrate sludge sampler |
| CN108489762A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 逯昊天 | A kind of cleaning of waters drift type water body and sampler |
| CN109540578A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-29 | 天津市环境保护技术开发中心 | A kind of deep water waters deep layer undisturbed sediment sampling apparatus and application |
| CN109580271A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-05 | 华东师范大学 | Undisturbed sediment columnar sampler and its acquisition method suitable for silt coast |
| CN109916655A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-21 | 国家深海基地管理中心 | Underwater research vehicle carrying type deep sea sediment sampler |
| CN110261164A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-20 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of sampling of river frost flower and content analysis device |
| CN113340653A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-03 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Measurement sampling equipment of marine geology |
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| CN203231905U (en) * | 2013-05-14 | 2013-10-09 | 北京建工环境修复有限责任公司 | Freezing sampler for bottom mud in different depths in rivers or lakes |
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| DE102005015510A1 (en) * | 2005-04-05 | 2006-10-12 | Totsche, Kai Uwe, Dr. habil. | Dry/wet deposition measuring device for use in passenger airport, has storage vessel with sampling tube to sample snow melt, rain water and non-aqueous liquids, and filter cover to prevent entry of foreign bodies into vessel |
| CN101750234A (en) * | 2008-12-19 | 2010-06-23 | 中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所 | Hand-holding original-state pillar collecting device |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103728153B (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2016-05-25 | 中山大学 | The directed miniature sampler of bury |
| CN103728153A (en) * | 2013-12-24 | 2014-04-16 | 中山大学 | Directional minitype soft clay sampling device |
| CN104535368A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-22 | 安徽工业大学 | Original-sequence bottom mud sampler and sampling method |
| CN104535368B (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2017-07-25 | 安徽工业大学 | A kind of former sequence sediment sampler and the method for sampling |
| CN106872207B (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2019-06-28 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | It is rotated under a kind of Gravitative Loads and accounts for formula channel aggradation object sampling apparatus |
| CN106872207A (en) * | 2017-02-08 | 2017-06-20 | 长江水利委员会长江科学院 | It is rotated into accounting for formula channel aggradation thing sampling apparatus under a kind of Gravitative Loads |
| CN107796660A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-03-13 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | A kind of undisturbed stratified substrate sludge sampler |
| CN107796660B (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2023-12-15 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Undisturbed layered sediment sampler |
| CN107764586A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2018-03-06 | 河海大学 | Vertical freezing sampling apparatus and its application method |
| CN108489762A (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2018-09-04 | 逯昊天 | A kind of cleaning of waters drift type water body and sampler |
| CN108489762B (en) * | 2018-03-30 | 2020-10-27 | 义乌市诠铈新材料有限公司 | Water area drifting type water body cleaning and sampling machine |
| CN109540578A (en) * | 2018-10-22 | 2019-03-29 | 天津市环境保护技术开发中心 | A kind of deep water waters deep layer undisturbed sediment sampling apparatus and application |
| CN109580271A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-05 | 华东师范大学 | Undisturbed sediment columnar sampler and its acquisition method suitable for silt coast |
| CN109916655A (en) * | 2019-04-18 | 2019-06-21 | 国家深海基地管理中心 | Underwater research vehicle carrying type deep sea sediment sampler |
| CN110261164A (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2019-09-20 | 东北农业大学 | A kind of sampling of river frost flower and content analysis device |
| CN110261164B (en) * | 2019-07-29 | 2023-12-29 | 东北农业大学 | River ice flower sampling and content analysis device |
| CN113340653A (en) * | 2021-06-30 | 2021-09-03 | 重庆工程职业技术学院 | Measurement sampling equipment of marine geology |
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