CN103308798B - Method for testing shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding material - Google Patents
Method for testing shielding effectiveness of electromagnetic shielding material Download PDFInfo
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- CN103308798B CN103308798B CN201310201395.7A CN201310201395A CN103308798B CN 103308798 B CN103308798 B CN 103308798B CN 201310201395 A CN201310201395 A CN 201310201395A CN 103308798 B CN103308798 B CN 103308798B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for testing the shielding effectiveness of an electromagnetic shielding material in the technical field of electromagnetic shielding. The method comprises the following steps that a reference sample with known electromagnetic parameters and different electromagnetic frequencies are selected, and the electromagnetic transmission intensity of an electromagnetic transmitter is set; a testing window is sealed by the reference sample, and the electric field intensity received by electromagnetic receivers which correspond to different electromagnetic frequencies is measured; the testing window is tested by a material to be tested, and the electric field intensity received by the electromagnetic receivers which correspond to different electromagnetic frequencies is measured; and the shielding effectiveness of materials to be tested corresponding to different frequencies relative to the reference sample is calculated and the conductivity of the materials to be tested is estimated. The testing method is not affected by the size of a shielding room (box), the size of the window, the resonance of the shielding room and other factors, and overcomes the defect that the testing results of a traditional shielding room method are not portable among different configuration.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to electromangnetic spectrum field, particularly relate to a kind of method of testing of electromagnetic shielding material shield effectiveness.
Background technology
Electromagnetic screen is one of technical measures suppressing electromagnetic interference (EMI), has wide range of applications.Electromagnetic shielding capability (not comprising low frequency magnetic field) and its electric conductivity positive correlation of material.Therefore, the preferred material of each metalloid material electromagnetic screen often.But, the compound-type conducting material of non-metal kind, as conductive rubber, conductive fabric, electrically-conducting paint and conductive foam etc., although electric conductivity is relatively poor, (conductivity is from tens to thousands of S/m, Siemens/rice), but owing to having regulatable mechanical property and physical characteristics, be better than metal material in special occasions integrated application effect.Along with the raising of material preparation technology and technique, the application of compound substance in electromagnetic screen is more extensive, and even Some substitute sheet metal is as the main body building shield.
A major issue in the application of material electromagnetic screen is the assessment of its shield effectiveness.In theory, accurately grasp the electromagnetic parameters such as the conductivity of material, specific inductive capacity and magnetic permeability, just can in conjunction with embody rule scene by Modeling Calculation determination Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness.In practice, because electromagnetic parameter is difficult to obtain easily, or concrete scene more complicated and be difficult to the reasons such as accurate modeling, experiment test is still important step indispensable in the assessment of material electromagnet shield effect.
Existing method of testing mainly divides far field and near field two class.Remote field testing method is coaxial method (comprising ASTM-ES-7 coaxial transmission collimation method and flange coaxial method etc.) mainly.The method is with transverse electromagnetic (TEM) wave simulation far field plane wave, and gained shield effectiveness is equivalent to infinitely great tabular material to the shield effectiveness of vertical incidence plane wave.The advantage of coaxial method is that the size of test result and coaxial cable and the area of material have nothing to do.And, there is clear and definite mathematical formulae (namely infinitely great plate material is to the analytic formula of plane wave electromagnet shield effect) between the electromagnetic parameter of test result and material and thickness in theory.Based on this formula, can the effective electromagnetic parameter of inverting material.The major defect of coaxial method be applicable frequency limitation at about below 1.5GHz, reason there will be the transverse electric (TE) or horizontal magnetic (TM) ripple that can not set up equivalent relation with plane wave in the too high rear coaxial cable of frequency.
Near-field test method, as the screened room method of national military standard GJB6190-2008 description, the double shield box method of electron trade military standard SJ20524-1995 description and dual TEM cell method etc., common feature have employed " testing window " structure.Its test philosophy is: at certain wall (or common wall) the uplifting window mouth of the screened room made with sheet metal (box), electromagnetic launch system is placed outside window, electromagnetism receiving trap is placed at window inner side, test window is in open state and by received signal strength under detected materials sealed condition respectively, and represents the shield effectiveness of material with its ratio (dB).These method of testings respectively have advantage, the frequency range very wide (10kHz-40GHz) of such as screened room method test; The anti-external interference of double shield box method is good, also do not produce interference to external world and require low to emissive power; Dual TEM cell method can detect normal electric field component and the tangential magnetic field component of inter-hole testing window respectively, simulates high Low ESR field etc. simultaneously.In addition, build the uniform electromagnetic environment of statistics by reverberation chamber or reverberation measure, under evaluate complicated environment, the method for testing of Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness also under development, as placed perforate TEM room method etc. in two Reverberation room method, reverberation chamber.
Although tradition screened room method operating frequency range is very wide, there are following two shortcomings in actual applications:
1) shield effectiveness measurement result can be subject to the impact of the factors such as screened room (box) size, window size and screened room resonance effect, thus makes test result not have portable or referentiability between difference configuration.
2) shield effectiveness drawn is actually the resultant effect of both material and shield, and therefore it can not be used to the shield effectiveness judging material itself, also cannot the therefrom anti-conductivity parameters releasing material.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to, a kind of method of testing of electromagnetic shielding material shield effectiveness is provided, for solving Problems existing in the existing shielding material shield effectiveness method of testing pointed out in above-mentioned background technology.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme that the present invention proposes is, a kind of method of testing of electromagnetic shielding material shield effectiveness, the screened room that employing sheet metal is made is as testing apparatus, screened room has testing window, screened room outside and inside install electromagnetic launch system and electromagnetism receiving trap respectively, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1: choose the known reference sample of electromagnetic parameter, different electromagnetic frequency the Electromagnetic Launching intensity of electromagnetic launch system is set;
Step 2: with described reference sample shutoff testing window, measures the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives;
Step 3: with detected materials shutoff testing window, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives;
Step 4: calculate the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample.
Described method also comprises the step of the conductivity of estimation detected materials, and this step comprises following sub-step:
Sub-step 101: select multiple conductivity different and the sample that conductivity is known shutoff testing window respectively;
Sub-step 102: when the sample shutoff testing window that each described conductivity is known, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives, and calculate the shield effectiveness of the known sample of conductivity corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency relative to reference sample;
Sub-step 103: according to the known sample of each conductivity that different electromagnetic frequency is corresponding relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample, generate the shield effectiveness curve of the known sample of each conductivity relative to reference sample;
Meanwhile, according to the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample, generate the shield effectiveness curve of detected materials relative to reference sample;
Sub-step 104: compare detected materials relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample and the known sample of the conductivity shield effectiveness curve relative to reference sample, thus estimate the conductivity range of detected materials.
The detected materials that described calculating different frequency is corresponding adopts formula S E=20log relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample
10(E
s1/ E
s2); Wherein, E
s1for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during reference sample shutoff testing window is corresponding receives, E
s2for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during detected materials shutoff testing window is corresponding receives.
The known sample of the conductivity that described calculating different frequency is corresponding adopts formula S E=20log relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample
10(E
s1/ E
s3); Wherein, E
s1for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during reference sample shutoff testing window is corresponding receives, E
s3for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during sample shutoff testing window that conductivity is known is corresponding receives.
Method of testing provided by the invention, not by the impact of the factors such as screened room (box) size, window size and screened room resonance, overcomes traditional screened room method test result and do not have portable shortcoming between difference configuration.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the method for testing schematic diagram utilizing screened room to carry out electromagnetic shielding material shield effectiveness;
Fig. 2 is rectangular shield body and each observation station position view;
Fig. 3 is of a size of the change schematic diagram of Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness with frequency that 0.4m × 0.4m × 0.4m perforate is the different observation stations that the rectangular shield body of 0.12m × 0.12m calculates based on GJB6190-2008 shield effectiveness definition;
Fig. 4 is of a size of the change schematic diagram of shield effectiveness with frequency that 0.4m × 0.4m × 0.4m perforate is the different observation stations that shield effectiveness definition that the rectangular shield body of 0.12m × 0.12m proposes based on the present invention calculates.
Fig. 5 is the change schematic diagram of shield effectiveness with frequency of the different observation stations that the rectangular shield body being of a size of 0.3m × 0.12m × 0.3m perforate 0.1m × 0.005m calculates based on the shield effectiveness definition that the present invention proposes.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment is elaborated.It is emphasized that following explanation is only exemplary, instead of in order to limit the scope of the invention and apply.
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, screened room is the square of length of side 0.4m, and test window is the square of length of side 0.12m, emitting antenna, testing window center, and receiving antenna is on same level straight line, and emitting antenna distance test window center 1m, receiving antenna is positioned at screened room center.
Step 1: choose the known reference sample of electromagnetic parameter, different electromagnetic frequency the Electromagnetic Launching intensity of electromagnetic launch system is set.
Choosing conductivity is 100S/m, and the length of side is 0.15m × 0.15m, and thickness is the reference sample of 2mm.The output amplitude that transmitter is suitable is set, at 100MHz-1GHz frequency range uniform design 10 electromagnetic frequencies (avoiding resonance frequency).
Step 2: with described reference sample shutoff testing window, measures the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives.
By the reference sample shutoff chosen in above-mentioned steps 1 on testing window, under recording 10 electromagnetic frequencies chosen, the electric field strength E that electromagnetism receiving trap (being receiving antenna in the present embodiment) receives
s1.Measure under each electromagnetic frequency and obtain an electric field strength E
s1, therefore obtain 10 electric field strength Es altogether
s1.
Step 3: with detected materials shutoff testing window, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives.
With the detected materials shutoff testing window identical with reference material size, under recording 10 electromagnetic frequencies, the electric field strength E that electromagnetism receiving trap receives
s2.Measure under each electromagnetic frequency and obtain an electric field strength E
s2, therefore obtain 10 electric field strength Es altogether
s2.
Step 4: calculate the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample.
Utilize formula S E=20log
10(E
s1/ E
s2) calculate the shield effectiveness that detected materials relative conductivity is the material of 100S/m.Wherein, E
s1and E
s2under being respectively same frequency, the electric field intensity that when electric field intensity measured during reference sample shutoff testing window and detected materials shutoff testing window, measurement obtains.Because the electromagnetic frequency chosen has 10, the detected materials relative conductivity therefore calculated is the shield effectiveness value of the material of 100S/m is also 10.
The rectangular shield body that 0.3m × 0.12m × 0.3m perforate is 0.1m × 0.005m is of a size of if be changed to by screened room, repeating aforesaid operations (i.e. step 1-4), is the shield effectiveness of the material of 100S/m by the detected materials relative conductivity obtained under another experimental configuration.Can find, the relative shield effectiveness of the detected materials obtained under the configuration of two kinds of different experiments is identical and do not affect by resonance effect, which solves the shortcoming that traditional screened room method test result does not have portability between difference configuration.
For above-mentioned viewpoint, the present invention CST software has done preliminary calculating checking.Rectangular shield body shown in Fig. 2 has rectangular opening (sidewall), choose four observation stations in shield, some P1 is near rear plate, and P2 is positioned at shield center, and P3 is near the left wall of shield, and P4 is near perforate.What Fig. 3 provided is under plane wave illumination, and the Materials ' Shielding Effectiveness of the conductivity 100S/m of the different observation stations that the rectangular shield body being of a size of 0.4m × 0.4m × 0.4m perforate 0.12m × 0.12m calculates based on GJB6190-2008 shield effectiveness definition is with the change curve of frequency.Can find out, each observation station all reflects that shield effectiveness is subject to the far-reaching shortcoming of resonance effect, and namely shield effectiveness curve significantly can change in the larger frequency range near resonance frequency.Fig. 4 is under identical experiment configuration, calculate the relative shield effectiveness that proposes based on the present invention change curve (the corresponding shield effectiveness of each electromagnetic frequency with frequency, shield effectiveness corresponding for 10 electromagnetic frequencies is coupled together and namely obtains the change curve of shield effectiveness with frequency), during calculating, reference material conductivity gets 100S/m, and measured material conductivity gets 500S/m.Can find out, the relative shield effectiveness of each observation station overlaps substantially.Except resonance frequency, shield effectiveness during other frequency and hardly by the impact of resonance effect.Fig. 5 is under the experimental configuration of the rectangular shield body being of a size of 0.3m × 0.12m × 0.3m perforate 0.1m × 0.005m, the above-mentioned relative shield effectiveness of calculating.Comparison diagram 4 and Fig. 5 can find out, under two kinds of different experiments configurations, the relative shield effectiveness of detected materials is identical, and hardly by the impact of resonance effect.It should be noted that, the quantity of the above-mentioned electromagnetic frequency value chosen and electromagnetic frequency thereof can be determined according to actual needs.
Embodiment 2
On the basis of the above-described procedure, further the present invention can estimate the conductivity of detected materials.As shown in Figure 1, screened room is the square of length of side 0.4m, and test window is the square of length of side 0.12m, emitting antenna, testing window center, and receiving antenna is on same level straight line, and emitting antenna distance test window center 1m, receiving antenna is positioned at screened room center.
Step 1: choose the known reference sample of electromagnetic parameter, different electromagnetic frequency the Electromagnetic Launching intensity of electromagnetic launch system is set.
Selection conductivity is 10S/m, and the length of side is 0.15m × 0.15m, and thickness is the reference sample of 2mm, arranges the output amplitude that transmitter is suitable, at 100MHz-1GHz frequency range uniform design 10 frequencies (avoiding resonance frequency).
Step 2: with above-mentioned reference sample shutoff testing window, measures the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives.The corresponding electric field strength E of each electromagnetic frequency
s1, therefore obtain 10 electric field strength Es altogether
s1.
Step 3: with the detected materials shutoff testing window identical with reference material size, measures the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives.Under each electromagnetic frequency, measure and obtain an electric field intensity value, therefore obtain 10 electric field strength Es altogether
s2.
Step 4: calculate the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample.
At each of the frequencies, formula S E=20log is utilized
10(E
s1/ E
s2) shield effectiveness that detected materials relative conductivity is the material of 10S/m can be calculated.The corresponding SE value of each frequency.
Step 5: the conductivity of estimation detected materials.
Sub-step 101: select multiple conductivity different and the sample that conductivity is known shutoff testing window respectively.
In the present embodiment, select the sample being respectively 50S/m, 100S/m, 200S/m, 300S/m, 400S/m and 500S/m with the measure-alike and conductivity of reference sample.
Sub-step 102: the sample shutoff testing window by conductivity being 50S/m, 100S/m, 200S/m, 300S/m, 400S/m and 500S/m respectively, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives, and calculate the shield effectiveness of the known sample of conductivity corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency relative to reference sample.
Be the sample of 50S/m for conductivity, during its shutoff testing window, the electric field strength E that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to 10 electromagnetic frequencies receives can be measured
s3.Utilize formula S E=20log
10(E
s1/ E
s3) can calculate, under each electromagnetic frequency, conductivity is the shield effectiveness of sample relative to reference sample of 50S/m, namely calculates the shield effectiveness value of sample relative to reference sample that 10 conductivity are 50S/m altogether.
Be the sample of 50S/m, 100S/m, 200S/m, 300S/m, 400S/m and 500S/m for conductivity, measure in the manner described above and calculate and can obtain at each of the frequencies, conductivity is the shield effectiveness value of sample relative to reference sample of 50S/m, 100S/m, 200S/m, 300S/m, 400S/m and 500S/m.
Sub-step 103: according to the known sample of each conductivity that different electromagnetic frequency is corresponding relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample, generate the shield effectiveness curve of the known sample of each conductivity relative to reference sample.
Be the sample of 50S/m for conductivity, because sub-step 102 has obtained the shield effectiveness value of sample relative to reference sample that 10 conductivity are 50S/m, therefore these shield effectiveness values are coupled together, can form the shield effectiveness curve of sample relative to reference sample that conductivity is 50S/m, this shield effectiveness curve is the shield effectiveness curve with electromagnetic frequency conversion.Similarly, be the sample of 50S/m, 100S/m, 200S/m, 300S/m, 400S/m and 500S/m for conductivity, the shield effectiveness value of sample known for these conductivity relative to reference sample is coupled together, can be obtained them separately relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample.
Meanwhile, couple together according to the shield effectiveness (i.e. step 4 draw result) of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample, the shield effectiveness curve of detected materials relative to reference sample can be generated.
Sub-step 104: compare detected materials relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample and the known sample of the conductivity shield effectiveness curve relative to reference sample, thus estimate the conductivity range of detected materials.Such as, when detected materials to fall into conductivity relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample be the sample of 100S/m relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample and conductivity be 200S/m sample relative to reference sample shield effectiveness curve between time, the conductivity of detected materials can be estimated between 100S/m-200S/m, and then the shielding properties of this material under other configuration can be assessed by theoretical or Modeling Calculation.
The above; be only the present invention's preferably embodiment, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, is anyly familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the change that can expect easily or replacement, all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (4)
1. the method for testing of an electromagnetic shielding material shield effectiveness, the screened room that employing sheet metal is made is as testing apparatus, screened room has testing window, and screened room outside and inside install electromagnetic launch system and electromagnetism receiving trap respectively, it is characterized in that described method comprises:
Step 1: choose the known reference sample of electromagnetic parameter and different electromagnetic frequencies and the Electromagnetic Launching intensity of electromagnetic launch system is set;
Step 2: with described reference sample shutoff testing window, measures the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives;
Step 3: with detected materials shutoff testing window, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives;
Step 4: calculate the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described method also comprises the step of the conductivity of estimation detected materials, this step comprises following sub-step:
Sub-step 101: select multiple conductivity different and the sample that conductivity is known shutoff testing window respectively;
Sub-step 102: when the sample shutoff testing window that each described conductivity is known, measure the electric field intensity that electromagnetism receiving trap corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency receives, and calculate the shield effectiveness of the known sample of conductivity corresponding to different electromagnetic frequency relative to reference sample;
Sub-step 103: according to the known sample of each conductivity that different electromagnetic frequency is corresponding relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample, generate the shield effectiveness curve of the known sample of each conductivity relative to reference sample;
Meanwhile, according to the shield effectiveness of detected materials corresponding to different frequency relative to reference sample, generate the shield effectiveness curve of detected materials relative to reference sample;
Sub-step 104: compare detected materials relative to the shield effectiveness curve of reference sample and the known sample of the conductivity shield effectiveness curve relative to reference sample, thus estimate the conductivity range of detected materials.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that the detected materials that described calculating different frequency is corresponding adopts formula S E=20log relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample
10(E
s1/ E
s2); Wherein, E
s1for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during reference sample shutoff testing window is corresponding receives, E
s2for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during detected materials shutoff testing window is corresponding receives.
4. method according to claim 2, is characterized in that the known sample of conductivity that described calculating different frequency is corresponding adopts formula S E=20log relative to the shield effectiveness of reference sample
10(E
s1/ E
s3); Wherein, E
s1for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during reference sample shutoff testing window is corresponding receives, E
s3for the electric field intensity that the electromagnetism receiving trap that electromagnetic frequency different during sample shutoff testing window that conductivity is known is corresponding receives.
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