CN109116182B - Device and method for measuring shielding effectiveness of shielding case of communication cable connector - Google Patents

Device and method for measuring shielding effectiveness of shielding case of communication cable connector Download PDF

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CN109116182B
CN109116182B CN201810609135.6A CN201810609135A CN109116182B CN 109116182 B CN109116182 B CN 109116182B CN 201810609135 A CN201810609135 A CN 201810609135A CN 109116182 B CN109116182 B CN 109116182B
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CN109116182A (en
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杨东合
杨震威
孔得朋
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Conway Communication Technology Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a device and a method for measuring shielding effectiveness of a communication cable joint shielding cover, which comprises an analog signal generating unit, a signal processing unit and a signal processing unit, wherein the analog signal generating unit is used for simulating and generating frequency and waveform of a transmission signal in a cable core wire and generating sine wave and square wave signals; a shield case unit to be tested configured to be disposed at a shield case of a cable joint to be tested; the signal amplifying and transmitting unit is configured to be arranged in the shielding case, amplify and transmit the signal generated by the analog signal generating unit to the surrounding space, and simulate the electromagnetic signal radiated outwards in the operation of the cable; the electromagnetic signal detection unit is configured to measure electric fields and magnetic fields in three axial directions in space respectively, the electromagnetic field intensity of a fixed frequency point can be measured independently, and the electromagnetic signals of radiation are applied to the analog cable to measure the electric fields and the magnetic fields in all directions at different positions of the cable, so that the shielding effectiveness of the cable joint shielding case is measured.

Description

Device and method for measuring shielding effectiveness of shielding case of communication cable connector
Technical Field
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shielding case of a communication cable joint.
Background
The communication cable is widely applied to various fields of national economy, is similar to blood vessels and nerves of the national economy, and is also a necessary basic product in daily life of people. In the operation process of the communication cable, high-frequency signals transmitted in the cable radiate outwards, which can cause electromagnetic interference to the external environment on the one hand, and more importantly, leaked electromagnetic signals can also cause information leakage, thus having great threat to information transmission safety; particularly, at the joint part of the cable, the current communication cable joint is mostly connected with the shielding layer of the cable by a joint shielding cover, and the joint part is also the most serious part of electromagnetic leakage; on the other hand, the cable joint shielding cases are of various types, and various cable joint shielding cases need to be compared and selected in specific engineering application, so that a measuring device and a method capable of effectively measuring the shielding effect of the cable joint shielding cases are needed to be provided, and the shielding effect of the shielding cases is correctly measured and evaluated.
The patent with publication number CN106249104A mainly aims at performing online monitoring on the real-time state of the cable shielding layer, and can monitor whether the cable shielding layer has failures such as damage or corrosion, but cannot exactly measure the shielding effectiveness of the cable shielding layer, and further cannot perform detailed analysis and comparison on the shielding effectiveness of the cable shielding layer under different frequencies or different types of cable joint shielding cases; therefore, the method can measure the shielding effectiveness performance of different cable joint shielding cases under different frequencies, can analyze the electric field and the magnetic field respectively, and can comprehensively know the shielding effect of the cable joint shielding cases on specific electromagnetic signals so as to facilitate the improvement of the manufacturing materials of the cable joint shielding cases and the related information safety evaluation.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention provides a device and a method for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shielding case of a communication cable joint.
The invention aims to provide a method for measuring the shielding effectiveness of a shielding case of a communication cable joint.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the utility model provides a device that communication cable connects shield cover shielding effectiveness to measure, includes analog signal generation unit, the joint shield cover unit that awaits measuring, signal amplification and emission unit and electromagnetic signal detecting element, wherein:
the analog signal generating unit is configured to simulate and generate the frequency and waveform of a transmission signal in a cable core wire, and generate sine wave and square wave signals;
the shielding case unit to be tested is configured to be arranged on a shielding case of a cable joint to be tested;
the signal amplifying and transmitting unit is configured to be arranged in the shielding case, amplify and transmit the signal generated by the analog signal generating unit to the surrounding space, and simulate the electromagnetic signal radiated outwards in the operation of the cable;
the electromagnetic signal detection unit is configured to measure an electric field and three axial magnetic fields in a space respectively, the electromagnetic field intensity of a fixed frequency point can be measured independently, and the electromagnetic signals of radiation are applied to the analog cable to measure the electric field and the magnetic field in all directions at different positions of the cable, so that the shielding effectiveness of the cable joint shielding case is measured.
Further, the frequency ranges of the sine wave and square wave signals generated by the analog signal generating unit are: DC-100 MHz.
Furthermore, the cable core wire is a communication cable with a fixed model and length so as to simulate the length of signal transmission in practical application and the model of the cable actually used, and the model and the length are determined according to the actual situation.
Furthermore, the shielding case is a cable joint accessory used for connecting a cable shielding layer at the position of a communication cable joint, and has the functions of ensuring that signals transmitted in a communication line pair at the position of the cable joint cannot be radiated to an external space or can be radiated to the external space in an electromagnetic wave mode as little as possible after construction and installation are carried out through a standard process, and ensuring information safety; the shielding cover is generally made of metal materials such as aluminum, stainless steel and the like, and some special shielding covers are made of special composite materials for enhancing the shielding effectiveness and preventing a magnetic field and an electric field. In this patent, shield, cable splice shield, splice shield all refer to a type of communication cable splice shield, which can be any type. This patent also can carry out shielding effectiveness to multiple type shield cover and measure to the shielding effectiveness performance between the different shield covers of contrast.
Furthermore, the signal amplification and emission unit comprises a small loop antenna and a power resistor, wherein the small loop antenna is made of enameled wires with different turns, the number of turns of the small loop antenna is adjusted to control the amplification factor of electromagnetic signal radiation in a cable core wire, and the power resistor and the small loop antenna are connected in series to form the signal amplification and emission unit together.
Furthermore, the wire diameter and the number of turns of the enameled wire can be adjusted according to the capacity of the shielding case.
The working method based on the measuring device comprises the following steps:
(1) the output end of the signal simulation unit is connected with a pair of core wires of the communication cable, the core wires are connected with the signal amplification and emission unit in series in the joint shield cover at the other end, the axial position of a coil of the small-ring antenna is marked clearly, and the shield cover is connected well according to the connection process of the cable joint shield cover;
(2) setting the signal type and frequency, and then pressing an output button to start outputting the set signal;
(3) placing the direction of a built-in antenna of the electromagnetic signal monitoring unit in parallel with the axial direction of the small-ring antenna, selecting the signal frequency same as that of the analog signal generating unit, selecting the measurement in the x-axis direction of the magnetic field, reading the strength value and recording the strength value; respectively selecting the Y-axis direction of the magnetic field, the Z-axis direction of the magnetic field and the electric field (the electric field can directly measure the value of the total electric field according to the characteristics of the electromagnetic field, and different axes are not required to be selected for measurement), and carrying out measurement and data reading and recording;
(4) changing the signal frequency of the analog signal generating unit, and repeating the steps (2) to (3) to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity under different frequencies;
(5) removing the shielding cover of the cable to be measured, keeping the positions of the small-loop antenna and the electromagnetic signal measuring unit unchanged, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity when the shielding cover is not covered;
(6) and analyzing and calculating the obtained data to finally obtain the shielding effectiveness of the shielding case unit to be detected.
And (4) in the step (3), the position of the placing position is less than 20cm away from the position of the shielding case, and the placing position is fixed, and in the subsequent measuring step, the positions of the shielding case unit to be measured and the electromagnetic signal detection unit are kept unchanged.
In the step (3), the electromagnetic signal detection unit and the analog signal generation unit generate signals with the same frequency, and comprehensively measure the electric field and the magnetic field.
In the step (6), the calculation process of analyzing and calculating the data includes:
according to the formula of the low-frequency band shielding effectiveness:
Figure BDA0001695126570000041
Figure BDA0001695126570000042
Figure BDA0001695126570000043
in formulas (1) to (3):
SHshielding effectiveness of the shielding material for the magnetic field in decibels (dB);
SEthe shielding effectiveness of the shielding material on the electric field is expressed in decibels (dB);
H1-the received magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (a/m) without shielding material;
H2-the received magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (a/m) with shielding material;
E1-the received electric field strength in volts per meter (V/m) without shielding material;
E2-the received electric field strength in volts per meter (V/m) with the shielding material;
H-Total magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (A/m);
HXYHYZHZXthe magnetic field strength values in the measurement positions XY, YZ and ZX are respectively.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) addition and design of signal amplification and transmission units: the problems that when the electromagnetic field intensity is measured directly, the radiation signal is too small, the surrounding electromagnetic environment is complex, and the shielding effect of the shielding cover cannot be measured effectively are solved (the measurement result is easily influenced by surrounding noise); the influence of ambient noise on the measurement result is reduced and the measurement precision is improved by amplifying the specific electromagnetic signal; meanwhile, the unit is added with a protective device (resistance) to prevent short circuit;
2) by adding a communication cable with a fixed model and length (the model and the length of the cable can be changed according to requirements), a whole set of measuring device and method for simulating the operation of the actual communication cable and aiming at the shielding effect of a shielding cover of a cable joint is provided, the measuring result is more rigorous and is closer to the actual application;
3) by independently measuring the electric field and the magnetic field intensity under different frequencies, the frequency spectrum of the shielding efficiency of the cable shield and the type of the electromagnetic signal can be independently analyzed, the performance curve of the shield can be more intuitively obtained, and the shielding effect of the cable joint shield on the specific electromagnetic signal can be comprehensively known, so that the improvement of the manufacturing material of the cable joint shield and the related information safety evaluation are facilitated.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this application, illustrate embodiments of the application and, together with the description, serve to explain the application and are not intended to limit the application.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of the hardware components of the apparatus of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an electromagnetic signal detection unit in the hardware apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating actual measurement data results;
FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a second actual measurement result;
the specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.
It is noted that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of example embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, the singular forms "a", "an" and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, and it should be understood that when the terms "comprises" and/or "comprising" are used in this specification, they specify the presence of stated features, steps, operations, devices, components, and/or combinations thereof, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
In the present invention, terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "rear", "vertical", "horizontal", "side", "bottom", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only terms of relationships determined for convenience of describing structural relationships of the parts or elements of the present invention, and are not intended to refer to any parts or elements of the present invention, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the present invention, terms such as "fixedly connected", "connected", and the like are to be understood in a broad sense, and mean either a fixed connection or an integrally connected or detachable connection; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. The specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be determined according to specific situations by persons skilled in the relevant scientific or technical field, and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, an apparatus for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shield of a communication cable connector comprises the following units: the device comprises an analog signal generating unit, a to-be-measured joint shielding case unit, a signal amplifying and transmitting unit and an electromagnetic signal detecting unit, and in addition, in order to ensure the accuracy of a measuring result, the device needs to be matched with a communication cable with a fixed model and length for measurement.
An analog signal generating unit for simulating and generating the frequency and waveform of the transmission signal in the cable core; in consideration of the frequency and the signal modulation system of signals in the urban telephone communication cable, the signal simulation unit is required to generate sine wave and square wave signals; frequency range: DC-100M;
the communication cable with fixed model and length, which is called communication cable for short in the following, is used for simulating the length of signal transmission in practical application and the model of the cable used in practice, and the part can be determined and selected according to the practical situation in the test process;
the shielding case unit to be tested refers to a shielding case sample of the cable joint to be tested, and is called a shielding case for short hereinafter;
the signal amplifying and transmitting unit is used for amplifying and transmitting the signal generated by the analog signal generating unit to the surrounding space (generally to the surrounding air or the medium encapsulated in the shielding case). Because in the cable in-service use process, the electromagnetic signal that outwards radiates in the heart yearn is all relatively weak (for radiating electromagnetic energy), is difficult to measure through electromagnetic signal monitoring unit direct, therefore this patent increases this signal amplification and transmitting element, and the measurement that makes cable joint shield cover's shielding effectiveness becomes possible to the electromagnetic signal of external radiation in the artificial simulation cable operation.
The signal amplifying and transmitting unit mainly comprises a small loop antenna and a power resistor; the small-loop antenna is generally made by winding enameled wires with different turns, the amplification factor of electromagnetic signal radiation in a cable core wire can be controlled by adjusting the turns of the small-loop antenna, and in addition, due to the limitation of the space in the cable shield, the wire diameter and the turns of the enameled wires need to be flexibly adjusted according to experience; the power resistor and the small loop antenna are connected in series to form a signal amplification and transmission unit together, and the signal amplification and transmission unit mainly has the functions of preventing short circuit and protecting the safety of the unit;
the electromagnetic signal monitoring unit mainly adopts a high-precision portable low-frequency electromagnetic field intensity spectrum analyzer, which is called a field intensity analyzer for short and has a recommended model of E61; the field intensity analyzer can respectively measure three axial electric fields and magnetic fields in space, and can independently measure the electromagnetic field intensity of fixed frequency points.
As shown in fig. 2, an analog signal generating unit in an apparatus for measuring shielding effectiveness of a joint shield of a communication cable for simulating and generating frequencies and waveforms of signals transmitted in a cable core; in consideration of the frequency and the signal modulation system of signals in the urban telephone communication cable, the signal simulation unit is required to generate sine wave and square wave signals; frequency range: DC-100 MHz;
as shown in fig. 3 and 4, it can be seen more intuitively that the shielding effectiveness of the novel low-frequency material shielding case is higher than that of an aluminum shielding case in a low-frequency range (300Hz to 14KHz), and the difference of the shielding effectiveness is not great in a high-frequency range; and the difference of the shielding effectiveness of the two is mainly reflected in the shielding of the magnetic field intensity.
The measuring method and the steps are as follows:
(1) first, connecting each module: the output end of the signal simulation unit is connected with a pair of core wires of the communication cable, the other end of the core wire is connected with the signal amplification and emission unit in series in the joint shield cover, and the axial position of a coil of the small-ring antenna is marked clearly, so that the subsequent measurement is facilitated; and connecting the shielding cover according to the connection process of the shielding cover of the cable joint.
(2) Adjusting the analog signal generating unit: after the equipment is powered on, firstly setting the signal type and frequency, and then pressing an output button to start outputting the set signal;
(3) measuring an electromagnetic wave at a specific frequency using an electromagnetic signal detection unit: the direction of a built-in antenna of the field intensity analyzer is placed in parallel with the axial direction of the small-ring antenna, the placing position is less than 20cm away from the position of the shielding case, and the shielding case is fixed (in the subsequent measurement step, the positions of the shielding case unit to be measured and the electromagnetic signal detection unit are kept unchanged); opening a setting catalog of the electromagnetic signal detection unit, selecting the same signal frequency as that of the analog signal generation unit, selecting measurement in the x-axis direction of the magnetic field, pressing a measurement button, and reading and recording an intensity value after the reading is stable; after the recording is finished, opening the setting catalog again, respectively selecting the magnetic field Y-axis direction, the magnetic field Z-axis direction and the electric field, and carrying out measurement and data reading and recording according to the three types;
(4) control variables: changing the signal frequency of the analog signal generating unit, and repeating the steps 2-3 to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity under different frequencies;
(5) removing the shielding cover of the cable to be measured, keeping the positions of the small-loop antenna and the electromagnetic signal measuring unit unchanged, and repeating the steps 2-4 to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity when the shielding cover is not covered;
(6) and analyzing and calculating the data obtained in the steps to finally obtain the shielding effectiveness of the shielding case unit to be detected.
In step 3, the electromagnetic signal detection unit, namely the field intensity analyzer, can refer to the specification for the use method, and the key point of the arrangement is to have the same frequency as the signal generated by the analog signal generation unit and comprehensively measure the electric field and the magnetic field;
in step 6, the main theoretical basis for analyzing and calculating the data is as follows:
according to the formula of the low-frequency band shielding effectiveness:
Figure BDA0001695126570000091
Figure BDA0001695126570000101
Figure BDA0001695126570000102
in formulas (1) to (3):
SHshielding effectiveness of the shielding material for the magnetic field in decibels (dB);
SEthe shielding effectiveness of the shielding material on the electric field is expressed in decibels (dB);
H1-the received magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (a/m) without shielding material;
H2-the received magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (a/m) with shielding material;
E1-the received electric field strength in volts per meter (V/m) without shielding material;
E2-the received electric field strength in volts per meter (V/m) with the shielding material;
H-Total magnetic field strength in amperes per meter (A/m);
HXYHYZHZXthe magnetic field strength values in the measurement positions XY, YZ and ZX are respectively.
The invention relates to the addition and design of a signal amplifying and transmitting unit: the problems that when the electromagnetic field intensity is directly measured, a radiation signal is too small, the surrounding electromagnetic environment is complex, and the shielding effect of the shielding cover cannot be accurately measured are solved (the measurement result is easily influenced by surrounding noise); meanwhile, the unit is added with a protective device (resistance) to prevent short circuit;
meanwhile, the invention also provides a whole set of measuring device and method for simulating the operation of the actual communication cable and aiming at the shielding effect of the shielding cover of the cable joint by adding the communication cable with fixed model and length (the model and the length of the cable can be changed according to the requirement), so that the measuring result is more rigorous and is closer to the actual application;
by independently measuring the electric field and the magnetic field intensity under different frequencies, the frequency spectrum and the type of the shielding efficiency of the cable shielding case can be independently analyzed, and the performance curve of the shielding case can be obtained more intuitively.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been described with reference to the accompanying drawings, it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made without inventive efforts by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides a device that communication cable connects shield cover shielding effectiveness measurement which characterized by: including analog signal generation unit, the joint shield cover unit that awaits measuring, signal amplification and emission unit and electromagnetic signal detecting element, wherein:
the output end of the signal simulation unit is connected in series with the signal amplification and emission unit in the joint shielding case unit through a simulation cable; the analog signal generating unit is configured to simulate and generate the frequency and waveform of a transmission signal in a cable core wire, and generate sine wave and square wave signals;
the to-be-tested connector shielding case unit is configured to be arranged on a shielding case of a to-be-tested cable connector;
the signal amplifying and transmitting unit is configured to be arranged in the shielding case, amplify and transmit the signal generated by the analog signal generating unit to the surrounding space, and simulate the electromagnetic signal radiated outwards in the operation of the cable; the signal amplification and transmission unit comprises a small loop antenna and a power resistor, wherein the small loop antenna is made by winding enameled wires with different turns, the amplification factor of electromagnetic signal radiation in a cable core wire is controlled by adjusting the turns of the small loop antenna, and the power resistor and the small loop antenna are connected in series to form the signal amplification and transmission unit;
the electromagnetic signal detection unit receives the analog signal of the signal amplification and emission unit, and is configured to measure three axial electric fields and magnetic fields in space respectively, and can measure the electromagnetic field intensity of fixed frequency points independently.
2. The apparatus for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shield of a telecommunications cable connector of claim 1, wherein: the frequency ranges of the sine wave and square wave signals generated by the analog signal generating unit are as follows: DC-100M.
3. The apparatus for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shield of a telecommunications cable connector of claim 1, wherein: the cable core wire is a communication cable with a fixed model and length so as to simulate the length of signal transmission in practical application and the model of the cable used practically, and the model and the length are determined according to the practical situation.
4. The apparatus for measuring shielding effectiveness of a shield of a telecommunications cable connector of claim 1, wherein: the wire diameter and the number of turns of the enameled wire can be adjusted according to the capacity of the shielding case.
5. Method of operating a device according to any of claims 1-4, characterized by: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the output end of the signal simulation unit is connected with a pair of core wires of the communication cable, the core wires are connected with the signal amplification and emission unit in series in the joint shield cover at the other end, the axial position of a coil of the small-ring antenna is marked clearly, and the shield cover is connected well according to the connection process of the cable joint shield cover;
(2) setting the signal type and frequency, and then pressing an output button to start outputting the set signal;
(3) placing the direction of a built-in antenna of the electromagnetic signal monitoring unit in parallel with the axial direction of the small-ring antenna, selecting the signal frequency same as that of the analog signal generating unit, selecting the measurement in the x-axis direction of the magnetic field, reading the strength value and recording the strength value; respectively selecting a Y-axis direction of a magnetic field, a Z-axis direction of the magnetic field and an electric field, and performing measurement and data reading and recording, wherein the direction of a built-in antenna of the electromagnetic signal detection unit is parallel to the axial direction of the small-ring antenna, the position of the electromagnetic signal detection unit on the small-ring antenna is kept unchanged during measurement, the electric field and the magnetic field intensity are separately measured, and the frequency spectrum of the shielding efficiency of the cable shielding case and the type of the electromagnetic signal are independently analyzed;
(4) changing the signal frequency of the analog signal generating unit, and repeating the steps (2) to (3) to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity under different frequencies;
(5) removing the shielding cover of the cable to be measured, keeping the positions of the small-loop antenna and the electromagnetic signal measuring unit unchanged, and repeating the steps (2) to (4) to obtain the electromagnetic field intensity when the shielding cover is not covered;
(6) and analyzing and calculating the obtained data to finally obtain the shielding effectiveness of the shielding case unit to be detected.
6. The method of operation as claimed in claim 5, wherein: and (4) in the step (3), the position of the placing position is less than 20cm away from the position of the shielding case, and the placing position is fixed, and in the subsequent measuring step, the positions of the shielding case unit to be measured and the electromagnetic signal detection unit are kept unchanged.
7. The method of operation as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step (3), the electromagnetic signal detection unit and the analog signal generation unit generate signals with the same frequency, and comprehensively measure the electric field and the magnetic field.
8. The method of operation as claimed in claim 5, wherein: in the step (6), the calculation process of analyzing and calculating the data includes:
according to the formula of the low-frequency band shielding effectiveness:
Figure FDA0003139165310000031
Figure FDA0003139165310000032
Figure FDA0003139165310000033
SHthe shielding effect of the shielding material on the magnetic field is achieved;
SEthe shielding effect of the shielding material on the electric field is achieved;
H1the received magnetic field strength without shielding material;
H2the magnetic field intensity is received when shielding materials are provided;
E1the received electric field strength in the absence of a shielding material;
E2the received electric field strength when the shielding material is present;
h is the total magnetic field strength;
HXY、HYZ、HZXthe magnetic field strength values in the measurement positions XY, YZ and ZX are respectively.
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CN104849592B (en) * 2015-05-12 2018-12-21 中国科学院国家天文台 A kind of radio telescope wideband electromagnetic shield effectiveness detection system and detection method
CN106249104B (en) * 2016-07-29 2019-02-15 山东康威通信技术股份有限公司 A kind of detection device and method of communication cable shielding layer status monitoring

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