CN110132409B - High-power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring device - Google Patents
High-power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring device and a method, wherein the device comprises a signal receiving module, a signal receiving module and a feedback module, wherein the signal receiving module senses a high-power microwave signal and converts the high-power microwave signal into an identifiable signal, the signal processing module processes and compares the identifiable signal, and the feedback module displays the processed and compared signal in a grading manner. The invention can quickly and effectively reflect the power density/field intensity value of the monitoring point, can carry out multiple measurements through manual reset, can meet the monitoring of key positions on the surface and inside of the tested equipment, provides accurate test data for a high-power microwave test, improves the test efficiency and reduces the test error. The method can also be used for testing a high-power microwave power density/field intensity uniform region, visualizing an electromagnetic field, monitoring an electromagnetic radiation safety region, and radiating personal dose.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a high-power microwave technology, and particularly relates to a high-power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring device.
Background
High-Power Microwave (HPM) is one kind of strong electromagnetic pulse, and its frequency range is 1 GHz-300 GHz, and its peak Power is higher than 100 MW. In the high-power microwave Test, because the using environment, the size specification and the Test distance of different Equipment Under Test (EUT) are different, the power density/field intensity condition of the surface, the inside or the position of the EUT cannot be directly, quickly and effectively reflected during the Test. At present, the power density/field intensity measuring method in the high-power microwave test has the following two methods:
the method comprises the following steps: a receiving antenna of the corresponding frequency is used.
In a high-power microwave test, before the EUT is tested, the power density/field intensity is usually calibrated, namely, receiving antennas with corresponding frequencies are used for receiving microwave signals with different distances and angles, and then the power density/field intensity is calculated through an attenuator, a detection tube, an oscilloscope and other instrument equipment; and then, placing the EUT on the same state during calibration to carry out the test, and considering that the power density/field intensity during the test is consistent with the calibration result.
For the antenna receiving method using the corresponding frequency, the power density/field strength is determined, which has the following advantages:
1. the power density/field intensity of states such as different receiving distances, different receiving angles and the like can be accurately measured;
2. the test results are quantitative results.
The power density/field strength is determined for the antenna reception method using the corresponding frequency, with the disadvantages:
1. the receiving antenna has a polarization requirement: in the calibration process, the polarization direction of the corresponding receiving antenna needs to be adjusted according to the transmitting antennas with different polarization directions, the calibration process is complex, the test efficiency is greatly reduced, and when the polarization directions of the transmitting and receiving antennas have deviation, the test error is increased;
2. the high-power microwave power source has a time-varying characteristic: the high-power microwave source uses a klystron amplifier, and the amplifier has fluctuation during output, so that the output of the microwave source during calibration and actual test cannot be ensured to be the same;
3. the real-time monitoring cannot be carried out: because the corresponding frequency antenna is made of metal materials and is large in size, field distribution can be influenced if the corresponding frequency antenna and the EUT are arranged in a test environment at the same time, and accuracy of a test result is further influenced.
The second method comprises the following steps: an electric field probe is used.
The electric field probe is mostly used in low-power electromagnetic environments such as EMC, but the electric field probe is also used in high-power microwave tests, especially when long-distance irradiation monitoring is carried out. The electric field probe is placed on or within the EUT and the monitored power density is read by its associated program. The electric field probes are divided into three types, namely a handheld type, a power storage type and a power supply type. The device is mainly used for monitoring outdoor low-power electromagnetic environment, and the harm of high-power electromagnetic radiation to human bodies is considered in high-power microwave tests, and the device is not considered to be used. In high-power microwave tests, two electric field probes, namely a power storage type electric field probe and a power supply type electric field probe, are mostly used, and both the electric field probes transmit signals and supply power through optical fibers. The optical fiber can avoid the influence of signal transmission lines on the distribution of the electromagnetic field, and simultaneously avoid the interference of the transmitted signals by a high-power electromagnetic field.
For determining the power density/field strength by using the electric field probe with power storage and power supply, the advantages are as follows:
1. power density/field strength under a feedback test environment that can be fast: the requirement of real-time monitoring can be met through matched software, and the monitoring value can be conveniently and visually read;
2. can meet the requirements of being placed on the surface or inside the EUT: because the volume is small, the weight is light, the disturbance to the distribution of the surrounding electromagnetic field is small, and the device can be placed in a small space to monitor the interior of the EUT in real time;
3. antenna polarization issues need not be considered: because the electric field probe uses the full polarization antenna, the polarization problem does not need to be considered in the using process.
For determining the power density/field strength using both power storage and power supply type electric field probes, the disadvantages are:
1. it cannot be used to monitor strong electromagnetic environment power density/field strength: at present, a representative electric field probe at home and abroad is an electric field probe produced by Ar company, the maximum withstand field strength is 1000V/m, and the high-power microwave field strength is more than or equal to 10kV/m under the normal condition, so that the power storage type and power supply type electric field probes cannot be normally used under the strong electromagnetic environment.
2. Limiting the monitoring range by the length of the optical fiber: whether the electric field probe is an electricity storage type electric field probe or a power supply type electric field probe, the real-time field feedback of power density/field intensity can be completed only by relying on optical fiber communication, and generally, when a high-power microwave test is carried out, in order to simulate the real use condition of EUT, an irradiation area may be a horizontal distance which is hundreds of meters away or a height which is hundreds of meters away, and the monitoring distance is often limited due to the length of the optical fiber.
3. The monitoring efficiency is low: the battery capacity of the electric field probe is small, and the charging current is very small for safety, so that the charging time is long, the working time is short, the test time is greatly limited, and the test efficiency is influenced.
In summary, in the direction of monitoring high power microwave, because the high power microwave has short action time, high peak power and strong damage capability, no good monitoring method exists in the test process at present. However, monitoring the power density/field strength of the high-power microwave is an important step and basis for studying high-power microwave and even complex electromagnetic environment, so how to accurately, rapidly and effectively monitor the power density/field strength of the high-power microwave is a key problem to be solved urgently.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a high power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring device, comprising:
the signal receiving module is used for sensing a high-power microwave signal and converting the high-power microwave signal into an identifiable signal, and the identifiable signal comprises an optical signal;
the signal processing module is used for processing and comparing the identifiable signals;
and the feedback module is used for carrying out grading display on the signals obtained after the processing and the comparison.
Further, the signal receiving module comprises a fluorescent substance or a diode.
Further, the signal processing module includes:
the photosensitive diode is used for converting the optical signal into a nano-ampere current signal;
the instrument amplifier is used for converting the current signal into a millivolt voltage signal;
and the comparison unit compares the voltage signal with a preset threshold value, the voltage signal is conducted if the voltage signal is larger than the threshold value, the voltage signal is cut off if the voltage signal is smaller than the threshold value, and the conducted signal is converted into a digital signal and transmitted to the feedback module.
Further, the feedback module comprises:
a latch unit for latching the digital signal converted by the comparison unit;
and the indicating unit is used for enabling the indicating device to work according to the electric signal provided by the latching unit.
Further, the indicating device comprises an indicating lamp.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention can quickly and effectively reflect the power density/field intensity value of the monitoring point, can carry out multiple measurements through manual reset, can meet the monitoring of key positions on the surface and inside of the tested equipment, provides accurate test data for a high-power microwave test, improves the test efficiency and reduces the test error. The method can also be used for testing a high-power microwave power density/field intensity uniform region, visualizing an electromagnetic field, monitoring an electromagnetic radiation safety region, and radiating personal dose.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a monitoring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a first embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is an operation schematic diagram of a monitoring device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to more clearly understand the technical features, objects, and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. The components of embodiments of the present invention generally described and illustrated in the figures herein may be arranged and designed in a wide variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention, presented in the figures, is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
the embodiment provides a high power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring devices, includes: the signal receiving module, the signal processing module and the feedback module are connected in sequence respectively, and the working process is shown in figure 1. Specifically, the signal receiving module is an S-band receiving antenna, the signal processing module comprises an amplitude limiter, a filter, a wave detector and a data comparison chip, the feedback module comprises a data latch chip and an indicator light, and the S-band receiving antenna, the amplitude limiter, the filter, the wave detector, the data comparison chip, the data latch chip and the indicator light are connected in sequence respectively. The front S-band receiving antenna is connected with an amplitude limiter, a filter and a detector in sequence and calibrated to obtain calibration parameters corresponding to different power densities/field strengths. The S-band receiving antenna converts the induced electromagnetic energy into an electric signal and can change the size of the electric signal according to the strength of the electromagnetic field. The amplitude limiter protects the internal circuit and prevents the high-power signal from damaging the internal circuit. The filter filters other frequency waves to reduce detection errors. The detector converts the microwave signal to a specific amplitude. The schematic circuit diagram of the monitoring device provided in this embodiment is shown in fig. 2.
Based on the monitoring device, the embodiment further provides a high-power microwave power density/field strength monitoring method, as shown in fig. 3, including the following steps:
step 1: the monitoring device is placed at a monitoring point position, parameters are calibrated in advance according to requirements, and each path of comparison threshold of high-power microwave power density/field intensity to be monitored is adjusted, specifically, the comparison threshold can be divided into A, B, C, D, E, F multi-level thresholds, and each level of threshold is correspondingly stepped by 5W/cm2Or 10 kV/m;
step 2: the S-band receiving antenna receives the microwave signal and converts the microwave signal into an electric signal;
and step 3: the electric signals pass through the amplitude limiter, the filter and the detector and simultaneously reach the multi-channel data comparison chip for comparison, wherein the electric signals passing through the amplitude limiter, the filter and the detector can be accurate to millivolt level;
and 4, step 4: the electric signal smaller than the preset threshold of the data comparison chip is directly conducted to the ground, the electric signal larger than the preset threshold of the data comparison chip is converted into a digital signal through a comparator, wherein the conducted digital signal is 1 or 0 and is transmitted to the data latch chip;
and 5: the digital signal is latched by the data latch chip and then triggers the indicator light to work;
step 6: after primary monitoring is finished, the monitoring device is recovered and indication information of the indicator lamp is observed, so that the high-power microwave power density/field intensity of the monitoring area can be known;
and 7: and (4) manually resetting and repeating the steps 1-6, and repeatedly measuring the power density/field intensity of the high-power microwave.
After the primary monitoring is finished, if the monitoring power density is less than 5W/cm2Or the field intensity is less than 10kV/m, no one-way alarm indicator lamp is on; if the monitored power density is more than or equal to 5W/cm2And less than 10W/cm2Or the field intensity is more than or equal to 10kV/m and less than 20kV/m, one path of alarm indicator lamp is on; if the monitored power density is more than or equal to 15W/cm2And less than 20W/cm2Or the field intensity is more than or equal to 30kV/m and less than 40kV/m, three paths of alarm indicator lamps are on. By analogy, the early-stage calibration precision is improved, the stepping range can be reduced, and the more accurate monitoring requirement is met.
Example two:
the embodiment provides a high power microwave power density/field intensity monitoring devices, includes: the fluorescent substance is close to the photosensitive diode, and the photosensitive diode, the instrumentation amplifier, the data comparison chip, the data latch chip and the indicator light are respectively connected in sequence. Before use, the fluorescent substance, the photosensitive diode and the instrumentation amplifier work and are calibrated to obtain calibration parameters corresponding to different power densities/field strengths. Specifically, the fluorescent substance converts the sensed electromagnetic field intensity into light energy, and the brightness of the fluorescent substance can be changed according to the intensity of the electromagnetic field. The light sensitive diode converts the brightness into the current of nanoampere level. The instrumentation amplifier converts nanoamp level current through the load to millivolt level voltage. Fig. 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of the monitoring device according to this embodiment.
Based on the monitoring device, the embodiment further provides a high-power microwave power density/field strength monitoring method, as shown in fig. 5, including the following steps:
step 1: the monitoring device is placed at a monitoring point position, parameters are calibrated in advance according to requirements, and each path of comparison threshold of high-power microwave power density/field intensity to be monitored is adjusted, specifically, the comparison threshold can be divided into A, B, C, D, E, F multi-level thresholds, and each level of threshold is correspondingly stepped by 5W/cm2Or 10 kV/m;
step 2: the fluorescent substance induces an electromagnetic field and emits light to form an optical signal;
and step 3: after being processed by the photosensitive diode and the instrument amplifier, the optical signals simultaneously reach a multi-channel data comparison chip for comparison, wherein the electrical signals passing through the instrument amplifier can be accurate to millivolt level;
and 4, step 4: the electric signal smaller than the preset threshold of the data comparison chip is directly conducted to the ground, the electric signal larger than the preset threshold of the data comparison chip is converted into a digital signal through a comparator, wherein the conducted digital signal is 1 or 0 and is transmitted to the data latch chip;
and 5: the digital signal is latched by the data latch chip and then triggers the indicator light to work;
step 6: after primary monitoring is finished, the monitoring device is recovered and indication information of the indicator lamp is observed, so that the high-power microwave power density/field intensity of the monitoring area can be known;
and 7: and (4) manually resetting and repeating the steps 1-6, and repeatedly measuring the power density/field intensity of the high-power microwave.
After the primary monitoring is finished, if the monitoring power density is less than 5W/cm2Or the field intensity is less than 10kV/m, no one-way alarm indicator lamp is on; if the monitored power density is more than or equal to 5W/cm2And less than 10W/cm2Or the field intensity is more than or equal to 10kV/m and less than 20kV/m, one path of alarm indicator lamp is on; if the monitored power density is more than or equal to 15W/cm2And less than 20W/cm2Or the field intensity is more than or equal to 30kV/m and less than 40kV/m, three paths of alarm indicator lamps are on. By analogy, the early-stage calibration precision is improved, the stepping range can be reduced, and the more accurate monitoring requirement is met.
Example three:
in this embodiment, fluorescent powder is selected as the fluorescent substance on the basis of the second embodiment, and specifically, a fluorescent lamp tube is adopted, argon gas with a pressure of 400-500 Pa and a small amount of mercury are filled in the tube, and the inner wall of the tube is coated with the fluorescent powder.
In addition, considering the special scene when this monitoring devices uses, still need to accomplish temperature control, temperature compensation, electromagnetic compatibility, prevent falling, relevant measures such as waterproof, antidetonation, for example use insulation material separation external environment temperature, use metal material to make the shell protection internal circuit, adopt peripheral hardware such as button, pilot lamp, adopt the aperture to make electrically conductive interface, internal circuit uses materials such as epoxy to pour the solidification etc..
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
In the description of the present invention, it should also be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "disposed," "mounted," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, e.g., as meaning fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either a wired or wireless connection.
Claims (4)
1. A high power microwave power density/field strength monitoring device, comprising:
the signal receiving module is used for sensing a high-power microwave signal and converting the high-power microwave signal into an identifiable signal, and the identifiable signal comprises an optical signal;
the signal processing module is used for processing and comparing the identifiable signals;
the feedback module is used for carrying out grading display on the signals obtained after the processing and the comparison;
the signal processing module includes:
the photosensitive diode is used for converting the optical signal into a nano-ampere current signal;
the instrument amplifier is used for converting the current signal into a millivolt voltage signal;
and the comparison unit compares the voltage signal with a preset threshold value, the voltage signal is conducted if the voltage signal is larger than the threshold value, the voltage signal is cut off if the voltage signal is smaller than the threshold value, and the conducted signal is converted into a digital signal and transmitted to the feedback module.
2. The high power microwave power density/field strength monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the signal receiving module comprises a phosphor or a diode.
3. The high power microwave power density/field strength monitoring device according to claim 1, wherein the feedback module comprises:
a latch unit for latching the digital signal converted by the comparison unit;
and the indicating unit is used for enabling the indicating device to work according to the electric signal provided by the latching unit.
4. The high power microwave power density/field strength monitoring device according to claim 3, wherein the indicating device comprises an indicator light.
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