CN103300242A - Fugu obscurus juvenile fish swelled sinkable composite feed - Google Patents
Fugu obscurus juvenile fish swelled sinkable composite feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN103300242A CN103300242A CN2013102209638A CN201310220963A CN103300242A CN 103300242 A CN103300242 A CN 103300242A CN 2013102209638 A CN2013102209638 A CN 2013102209638A CN 201310220963 A CN201310220963 A CN 201310220963A CN 103300242 A CN103300242 A CN 103300242A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fugu obscurus juvenile fish swelled sinkable composite feed which comprises fish flour, bean pulp, cotton pulp, fermented bean pulp, flour, beer yeast, distiller dried grains with soluble (DDGS), monocalcium phosphate, fish oil, swelled blood powder, inkfish paste, soybean lecithin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixture and lysine. The feed also comprises the bean soybean lecithin and a liver and gallbladder protection agent. The fugu obscurus juvenile fish swelled sinkable composite feed can meet the requirement on normal growth of fugu obscurus juvenile fish, so that the feeding operation management is simplified, the culture cost is lowered, and the growth and the quality of the juvenile fish are improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fish feed field, relate in particular to the fugu obscurus field of fodder.
Background technology
Fugu obscurus (Takifugu obscurus) is subordinate to Tetraodontiformes Molidae Fugu and belongs to, and is commonly called as filefish, is to have one of a few species of sea water and fresh water breeding migration habit during Fugu belongs to.The fugu obscurus meat flavour is delicious, and protein and fat content are abundant, the expensive fish of generic name, and the market price is high, and supply falls short of demand in sale, liked by consumers in general.Because this kind fish to fine adaptability and the higher economic worth of fresh water, have been developed as the new varieties of freshwater aquiculture by China, progressively formed large-scale artificial breeding and the intensive culture technical system of comparatively perfect.But, because the serious hysteresis of the pure nutritional need research in dark line east and special compound feed exploitation, usually throw something and feed with the powder of eel, soft-shelled turtle in the actual breeding production, although can keep to a certain extent the normal operation of river Puffer cultivation, but different fish are differentiated to the demand of nutriment, and unfavorable nutrition may produce adverse consequences or promote aquaculture cost aspects such as the health of fish body, the speeds of growth.At present, the sustainable development that the powder feed conversion rate is low, large to water pollution, deficiency that product are blamed the aspects such as control, cost is high, operation is wasted time and energy has seriously restricted river Puffer aquaculture industry.Therefore, develop river Puffer efficient compound feed become this industry sustainable and healthy development in the urgent need to.
In addition, the river Puffer there are differences in the demand of different growth phases to nutrition, therefore should take the different formulations feed to throw something and feed for different growth phases, to guarantee the fast growth of health of river Puffer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to research and develop the expanded heavy property mixed feed that is fit to the dark line east fish Puffer juvenile fish stage, with simplification feed intake operational administrative, reduce aquaculture cost, improve postlarva growth and quality.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
A kind of fugu obscurus scrod swelling sinks the property mixed feed, and it is characterized in that: the component of this expanded heavy property mixed feed comprises: fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, fermented bean dregs, flour, brewer's yeast, DDGS, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, expanding blood meal, cuttlefish cream, soybean lecithin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixtures and lysine.
Preferably, the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling specifically comprises following each component:
Fish meal 40-44%;
Dregs of beans 10-14%;
Cotton dregs 6-8%;
Fermented bean dregs 8-10%;
Flour 10-12.4%;
Brewer's yeast 4-6%;
DDGS?4-5％；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2%;
Fish oil 2-3%;
Expanding blood meal 0.8-1.5%;
Cuttlefish cream 1.5-2%;
Soybean lecithin 1.2%;
Mineral mixture 1%;
Vitamin mixtures 0.5%;
Lysine 0.2-0.4%;
Described percentage is mass percent.
Preferably, the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling further comprises soybean lecithin, and its content accounts for 1.2% of feed weight.
Preferably, the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling further comprises protecting the liver and protects the courage agent, and its content accounts for 0.1% of feed weight.
Preferably, the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling specifically comprises following each component:
Fish meal 41%;
Dregs of beans 14%;
Cotton dregs 8%;
Fermented bean dregs 8%;
Flour 10.9%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
DDGS?4％：
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%;
Fish oil 2.5%;
Expanding blood meal 1%;
Cuttlefish cream 2%;
Mineral mixture 1%;
Vitamin mixtures 0.5%;
Soybean lecithin 1.2%;
Protect the liver and protect courage agent 0.10%;
Lysine 0.3%;
Described percentage is mass percent.
The heavy property mixed feed of the fugu obscurus scrod swelling fugu obscurus (body length is less than 20cm, and body weight is less than 200g) in juvenile fish stage that is fit to throw something and feed among the present invention, mixed feed adopts the production of Tomi Ungerer bulking machine.
The expanded heavy property mixed feed in the suitable fugu obscurus juvenile fish stage of the present invention's research and development can be simplified the operational administrative that feeds intake, reduces aquaculture cost, improve growth and the quality of juvenile fish.
The specific embodiment:
The below is clearly and completely described the technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention, and obviously, described embodiment only is the present invention's part embodiment, rather than whole embodiment.Based on the embodiment among the present invention, those of ordinary skills belong to the scope of protection of the invention not making the every other embodiment that obtains under the creative work prerequisite.
Mash feed is a kind of mixed feed that evenly mixes in proportion after various raw materials are pulverized, and need add water during nursing and be modulated into food group, is positioned over feed table or is divided into little group and feed, and is edible for fish.This feed nutrition loss is serious, water pollution is large, the bait digestive utilization ratio is low, be difficult to reach the efficient compound feed effect, and the later stage easily cause liver and gall syndrome to occur, cause that the river Puffer is dead, the phenomenon such as anti-transportation does not occur, and directly affects the economic benefit of river Puffer cultivation.
Expanded pellet diet be with feed in the environment of TRANSIENT HIGH TEMPERATURE high pressure and high shear force, high-moisture, by continuously mixed, modified, pressure build up, slaking, extrude nib and a series of production processes of step-down suddenly, and form buoyancy, slow heavy property, the property mixed feed that sinks by density control.Puffing process technique can make starch burn degree improve, and the cell membrane part of fibre structure is destroyed and softening, discharges that part is besieged, the digestible substance of combination; Fat is penetrated into the surface from granule interior simultaneously, makes feed have special fragrance, has improved palatability, thereby grazing rate improves.In addition, protein in the vegetable protein feed, but process some protease inhibitors of passivation through moderate-heat, such as antitrypsin, urase etc., and hydrogen bond and other secondary keys in the protein are destroyed, cause that the original space conformation of polypeptide chain changes, cause protein denaturation, protein molecule after the sex change becomes fibrous, and Unfolding is loose, and molecular surface area increases, flow blockage, increased and the contacting of animal body endoenzyme, thereby be conducive to digesting and assimilating of aquatic livestock, can improve nutritional labeling digestive utilization ratio 10%～35%.
Expanded pellet diet also can reduce the pollution to environment.The feed granules that processes with extrusion, make product that certain cohering or adhesion be arranged by the starch gelatinization of feed inside and proteinaceous tissue, its stability generally reaches more than the 12h, the longest 36h that reaches, therefore can reduce dissolving and the precipitation loss of feed nutrient in water, and can avoid feed residual in water, reduce water pollution.
Often contain harmful microorganism in the feedstuff, such as aerobic property biology, neutrophilia bacterium, Escherichia coli, mould, salmonella etc., the content in the animal fodder raw material is relatively many.And the high temperature in the puffing process, high humidity, High Pressure can kill most harmful microorganisms or deactivation, help to reduce that aquaculture creature disease occurs and to keep cultivation water environment stable, thereby improve aquatic livestock survival rate and cultivation success rate.
In addition, expanded pellet diet can improve the feed digestive utilization ratio and reduce feed coefficient, reduces residual bait and excreta content in the water body, increases substantially survival rate and cultivation density; Feed has reduced poisonous and harmful substance, bacterial content and oxidation through extrusion processing, has improved security and the bin stability of feed, improves the security of food and environment.
Expanded feeds of aquaculture, throwing does not need ad hoc throwing to raise platform when raising, and only needs fixed point to throw to raise and gets final product.Fish ingests and conveniently observes the food situation of fish, in time adjusts and throws the amount of raising, and can in time understand growth and the health status of fish.Therefore, adopt expanded feeds of aquaculture to help the feeding and management of the science of carrying out, both can save the plenty of time, can raise labour productivity again.
Advantage for expanded pellet diet, and according to the eating habit of fugu obscurus, the present invention proposes the heavy property mixed feed of a kind of fugu obscurus scrod swelling, and the component of this expanded heavy property mixed feed comprises: fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, fermented bean dregs, flour, brewer's yeast, DDGS, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, expanding blood meal, cuttlefish cream, soybean lecithin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixtures and lysine.This feed also can further comprise protecting the liver and protects the courage agent.
Component and the content of the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling comprise among the present invention:
Fish meal 40-44%;
Dregs of beans 10-14%;
Cotton dregs 6-8%;
Fermented bean dregs 8-10%;
Flour 10-12.4%;
Brewer's yeast 4-6%;
DDGS?4-5％；
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2%;
Fish oil 2-3%;
Expanding blood meal 0.8-1.5%;
Cuttlefish cream 1.5-2%;
Soybean lecithin 1.2%;
Mineral mixture 1%;
Vitamin mixtures 0.5%;
Lysine 0.2-0.4%;
Described percentage is mass percent, and the mass percent sum of above-mentioned each material is 100%.
The present invention compares with traditional mash feed, and advantage is: production cost is low, and digestive utilization ratio is high, and aquaculture cost is low, breeding water body is polluted lack, and the user is easy to use.
Fish meal is to be raw material with one or more fish, the high-protein feed after deoiling, dewater, pulverize processing.Protein, fat, carbohydrate are three large energy substances.But fish are low to the digestibility of carbohydrate, and high to the digestibility of protein and fat, so the main energy sources of fish should be protein and fat.Fish are very high to the requirement of protein, preferably adopt imported fish meal among the present invention.
And dregs of beans is a kind of high protein material, is the primary raw material of making the feeds such as livestock, poultry.Its source is soybean through a kind of byproduct that obtains behind the extracting bean oil, and is different according to the method for extracting, and can be divided into soaking dregs of beans and two and soaking two kinds of dregs of beans.Wherein the byproduct behind the extraction extracting bean oil soaks dregs of beans as one, and gets oil with squeezing first, gets behind the oil byproduct of gained through lixiviate again and is called two and soaks dregs of beans.These two kinds of dregs of beans all can be used as raw material and use, and have both solved the residue problem behind the extracting bean oil, have solved again the raw material source of fish meal, have saved processing cost.
Flour and dregs of beans all can be fish rich in protein are provided, and flour preferably adopts Strong flour, the protein content average out to 13.5% of Strong flour, and usually protein content is cooked Strong flour can be described as more than 11.5%.
Except containing digestive saccharomycete, also contain in addition the required various trace elements of 18 seed amino acids, multivitamin, high protein and globe fish, electrolytical high-effect nutritional labeling in the brewer's yeast, also help the growth of globe fish.
Though cellulose can not be digested and assimilated by fish, it nutritionally plays an important role, such as the secretion of the wriggling that stimulates digestion and digestive ferment; And the nutriment of dilution feed middle and high concentration, to help protein, fat and sugared digestion and absorption.Therefore cellulose is indispensable in fish feed, and has contained a large amount of celluloses in the natural feed among the present invention, so needn't add in addition cellulose.
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail:
Embodiment 1
The expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus, add by mass percentage respectively raw material: fish meal 40, dregs of beans 13, cotton dregs 7, DDGS 5, flour 9.8, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 2, brewer's yeast 4, fermented bean dregs 10, fish oil 3, expanding blood meal 1.5, cuttlefish cream 1.5, soybean lecithin oil 1.2, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1, protect the liver and protect courage agent 0.1, lysine 0.4, above raw material combined shaft Tomi Ungerer bulked thread is produced.
Embodiment 2
The expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus, add by mass percentage respectively raw material: fish meal 41, dregs of beans 14, cotton dregs 8, DDGS4, flour 10.9, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5, brewer's yeast 4, fermented bean dregs 8, fish oil 2.5, expanding blood meal 1, cuttlefish cream 2, soybean lecithin oil 1.2, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1, protect the liver and protect courage agent 0.1, lysine 0.3, above raw material combined shaft Tomi Ungerer bulked thread is produced.
Embodiment 3
The expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus, add raw material by mass fraction respectively: fish meal 44, dregs of beans 10, cotton dregs 8, DDGS5, flour 12.2, calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1, brewer's yeast 6, fermented bean dregs 8, fish oil 2, expanding blood meal 0.8, cuttlefish cream 2, soybean lecithin oil 1.2, vitamin mixtures 0.5, mineral mixture 1, protect the liver and protect courage agent 0.1, lysine 0.2, above raw material combined shaft Tomi Ungerer bulked thread is produced.
Test example
Breed variety: 1500 of 4 gram fugu obscurus fries, Random assignment is three groups, every group of 5 repetitions, totally 15 net cages, 100 of each cage culture fugu obscurus, it is consistent that initial specification is respectively organized in experiment;
Cultivating condition: the net cage in environmental factor, chemical factor and the essentially identical same waters of biological factor;
Aquaculture management: other condition is basic identical, and institute's difference is just processed the expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus of the embodiment 1 that one (net cage 2,4,5,9,11) throw something and feed every day; Process the throw something and feed every day expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus of embodiment 2 of two (net cages 3,8,10,11,15); Process the throw something and feed every day expanded heavy property material of fugu obscurus of embodiment 3 of three (net cages 1,6,7,13,14);
The result compares: after cultivating March, the fugu obscurus number of checking each net cage is calculated to be motility rate; Simultaneously all fishes of each net cage are weighed, calculate rate of body weight gain; Statistics feed consumption calculates feed coefficient.Experimental result is as shown in table 1.As can be seen from Table 1, each survival rate of processing does not have significant difference, processes two rates of body weight gain and processes high 13.5-21.4% than other, processes two feed coefficients and processes low 3.62-13.04% than other.Illustrate that the present invention processes two expanded heavy property material with the obvious advantage aspect the raising fugu obscurus speed of growth and reduction feed coefficient (feed cost).Following table is the expanded heavy property material statistical effect table of fugu obscurus:
As can be seen from the table, the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling of the present invention is all having the good technique effect aspect survival rate, the rate of body weight gain.
The above only is preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention not all, any modification of doing, is equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. the heavy property mixed feed of a fugu obscurus scrod swelling, it is characterized in that: the component of this expanded heavy property mixed feed comprises: fish meal, dregs of beans, cotton dregs, fermented bean dregs, flour, brewer's yeast, DDGS, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, fish oil, expanding blood meal, cuttlefish cream, soybean lecithin, mineral mixture, vitamin mixtures and lysine.
2. the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling specifically comprises following each component:
Fish meal 40-44%;
Dregs of beans 10-14%;
Cotton dregs 6-8%;
Fermented bean dregs 8-10%;
Flour 10-12.4%;
Brewer's yeast 4-6%;
DDGS?4-5％：
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1-2%;
Fish oil 2-3%;
Expanding blood meal 0.8-1.5%;
Cuttlefish cream 1.5-2%;
Soybean lecithin 1.2%;
Mineral mixture 1%;
Vitamin mixtures 0.5%;
Lysine 0.2-0.4%;
Described percentage is mass percent.
3. the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: it further comprises soybean lecithin, its content accounts for 1.2% of feed weight.
4. the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling as claimed in claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that: it further comprises protecting the liver and protects the courage agent, and Q.1% its content account for feed weight.
5. the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: it further comprises protecting the liver and protects the courage agent, and its content accounts for 0.1% of feed weight.
6. the heavy property mixed feed of fugu obscurus scrod swelling as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that: the heavy property mixed feed of described fugu obscurus scrod swelling specifically comprises following each component:
Fish meal 41%;
Dregs of beans 14%;
Cotton dregs 8%;
Fermented bean dregs 8%;
Flour 10.9%;
Brewer's yeast 4%;
DDGS?4％：
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5%;
Fish oil 2.5%;
Expanding blood meal 1%;
Cuttlefish cream 2%;
Mineral mixture 1%;
Vitamin mixtures 0.5%;
Soybean lecithin 1.2%;
Protect the liver and protect courage agent 0.10%;
Lysine 0.3%;
Described percentage is mass percent.
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| CN104522411A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2015-04-22 | 青岛农业大学 | Formula feed for juvenile fish of takifugu rubripes and preparation method of formula feed |
| CN105053689A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-18 | 临沂大学 | Puffing feed using marine microalgae as main raw materials, for takifugu obscurus |
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| CN106260755A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司 | River young stage expanding compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107252014A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-17 | 句容市北山水库管理所 | A kind of knife long-tailed anchovy juvenile fish particulate feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109043229A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of mixed feed improving Fugu rubripes meat quality |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105053689A (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-18 | 临沂大学 | Puffing feed using marine microalgae as main raw materials, for takifugu obscurus |
| CN105076876A (en) * | 2015-09-17 | 2015-11-25 | 通威股份有限公司 | Schizothorax prenanti juvenile fish feed |
| CN106260755A (en) * | 2016-08-11 | 2017-01-04 | 天津市晨辉饲料有限公司 | River young stage expanding compound feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN107252014A (en) * | 2017-06-27 | 2017-10-17 | 句容市北山水库管理所 | A kind of knife long-tailed anchovy juvenile fish particulate feed and preparation method thereof |
| CN109043229A (en) * | 2018-08-06 | 2018-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | A kind of mixed feed improving Fugu rubripes meat quality |
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