A kind of tungsten level argon arc welding welding method of magnesium alloy
Technical field
The invention belongs to Welding Technology of Magnesium Alloy field, be specifically related to a kind of welding method of magnesium alloy.
Background technology
Material is that the mankind depend on for existence and development, conquer nature and the material base of nature remodeling, is also the development of the guide of human social development, particularly Modern High-Tech, depends on the progress of new material technology especially.The research and development of new material structures are the mainstays improving industrial technology level, if do not have the development of modern hyperstructure material, just do not have the progress of world today's Aero-Space cause.And nonferrous materials is a most important class material, such as magnesium and aluminium.The wherein rich reserves of magnesium, compared with other common metal, magnesium has low-density, high specific strength and the advantage such as can be recycled, and becomes the focus that people pay close attention to, is described as " the environmental protection engineering material that 21 century is novel ".
Along with the development of science and technology, the consumption of metal material sharply rises, and metallic mineral resources conventional on the current earth is just increasingly poor.In three conventional at present large-engineering materials, Al and Fe can exploit 100 ~ 300 years, and Mg can exploit use nearly one thousand years.New century mainly comprises three aspects to the requirement of material, i.e. aboundresources, economize energy and environmental protection, and therefore light-weight high-strength material meets the requirement of new century to material, and wherein Mg alloy is the rising green new structural material of most.Mg accounts for 2.3% in the earth's crust, and in seawater, the reserves of Mg are 2.1 × 10
15t, in salt lake, the reserves of Mg are also very huge.China is the big producing country of Mg, and containing of Mg is abundant, accounts for 22 5% of global gross reserves.
Although magnesium is found the history of existing two a century, until the nineties in 20th century, along with the needs of energy saving standard in auto industry, the development trend demand of Mg-based hydrogen storage is presented fast, grown steadily.Such as, and along with magnesium alloy preparation, the breakthrough shaping technology etc., the novel magnesium alloy being applicable to different instructions for use obtains exploitation, high-strength Mg-Al alloy and antiflaming magnesium alloy etc.Simultaneously the production cost of magnesium alloy constantly reduces, and serviceability improves constantly, and greatly facilitates the application of magnesium alloy in automobile, electronics, communication and field of household appliances, and replaces the parts such as part Al and Alalloy, iron and steel gradually.And magnesium alloy is as structural material, due to its outstanding advantages in structure loss of weight and carrying etc., also play more and more important role in leading-edge fields such as Aero-Space, military project national defence.Although China is Mg resource-rich country, start late to the investigation and application of Mg alloy, the development of Mg alloy product also relatively lags behind.The research and development of Mg alloy is mainly carried out round combination properties such as improving the intensity of material, plasticity, toughness, corrosion resistance and antifatigue, the exploitation of novel Mg alloy by adopting new alloying element, new corrosion-resistant treatments technique etc. carries out.The key issue of Mg alloy research is: 1) exploitation is suitable for the important equipment that Mg alloy is produced in enormous quantities; 2) exploitation of novel high-performance Mg alloy system; 3) atmosphere protection of Mg alloy melting process: 4) Mg alloy flame-retarded technology and process for treating surface; 5) Welding Problems of Mg alloy and foreign material.
" magnesium alloy application and exploitation " is classified as the emphasis of Material Field in " 15 " national science and technology development plan by China, and over nearly 10 years, the developmental research level that Mg alloy is new is significantly improved.Current Mg alloy mainly comprises Mg-Al-Zn system, Mg-Al-Mn system, Mg-Al-Si system and Mg-Al-Re system etc.; But in order to meet each mechanical industry department to the requirement of Mg alloy structure performance, some novel Mg alloys obtain exploitation, such as be applied to the wrought magnesium alloy of telecommunications product, ultralight, high-strength, anti-corrosion Mg-Li alloy and Mg-Re alloy, be applied to the high temperature Mg alloy Mg-Re-Ca-Zr of following aerospace field and coagulate Mg alloy etc. soon.And along with the further raising of Mg alloy preparation techniques; in succession there are Mg alloy flame-retarded technology, Mg alloy melt environment-friendly type resist technology and Mg alloy Microarc Oxidation Surface Treatment technology etc., greatly facilitate the application of Mg alloy in the field such as automobile, Aero-Space.
Mg Alloyapplication in meeting automotive safety, energy saving standard requirement in the automotive industry, and can effectively automobile lightweight ground target.Automobile designers and manufacturing enterprise are in order to reduce the pollution of motor vehicle exhaust emission to environment in recent years, in the discharge capacity of the utilization rate and minimizing CO2 that improve fuel, carry out large quantifier elimination, find the discharge capacity adopting Mg alloyed components greatly can reduce car weight, reduce oil consumption, reduce CO2.Such as German Benz adopts the car door of outside Al alloy, inner side Mg alloy, and weight ratio reduced 34% originally; The second generation magnesium wheel hub only 514kg that Italy produces, takes turns firm weight than aluminium and decreases 28%.For a medium sized automobile, its weight saving 10%, amount of fuel can reduce 6% ~ 8%, and the parts of external large-scale application Mg alloy production on automobile are more than 60 kinds at present.
At electronics, communication field, Mg alloy have also been obtained people and greatly pays close attention to, and the shell as television set, computer, display, video camera etc. is all adopt made of plastic, and these products are eliminated very fast, can produce a large amount of waste pollution material.And adopt Mg alloy as an alternative product effectively can reduce pollution, had portioned product to adopt Mg alloy at present, but still be in the research and development stage.
Mg alloy is paid attention to greatly in leading-edge fields such as Aero-Space, military project national defence.Mg alloy has as structural material the requirement that advantage can meet current aircraft body structure Materials, adopts various casting and wrought magnesium alloy in a large number at present at aero-engine, aircraft and guided missile covering and cabin body, undercarriage urceolus, satellite and storepipe etc.Adopt Mg alloy not only can weight reduction as structural member, can also greatly reduce costs, such as artificial satellite often alleviates lkg, and carrier rocket can alleviate 500kg, can save 10,000,000 dollars.Mg alloy, as the structural metallic materials of lightweight, is realizing weaponry lightweight, and improving weaponry each phase tactical qualities aspect will play an important role.Such as in the use aluminum alloy part of larger amt and the material such as firearms, armored vehicle, guided missile, artillery, photoelectric instrument of engineering plastic materials and parts, Mg alloy is adopted to manufacture correlated parts, be feasible at present technically.Along with Mg reasonable offer, the improving constantly of process technology, Mg alloy will be more widely used in the every profession and trade in future, and the strategy of sustainable development for China provides important Resource Guarantee.
That applies in every profession and trade along with Mg-based hydrogen storage increases rapidly, the connectivity problem of Mg-based hydrogen storage causes the very big concern of people, but because the welding performance of Mg-based hydrogen storage is bad, be difficult to realize connecting reliably, therefore the connection of magnesium alloy and magnesium alloy and other materials structural member, becomes the technical bottleneck of restriction magnesium alloy application and key technology anxious to be resolved.Soldering, as the one in material joining methods, is an accurate interconnection technique in current high-tech, is widely used in many industries.Different from fusion welding method, which employs the solder lower than mother metal fusion temperature, during soldering, brazing filler metal melts is for liquid and mother metal remains solid-state, relies on mutually to diffuse to form metallurgical binding between liquid solder and solid-state mother metal, obtains firmly joint.Relative to melting welding and pressure welding, soldering has the advantage of many uniquenesses.Therefore, have and much hinder by other welding method difficulty the structure even cannot carrying out connecting, adopt soldering but can solve.And under many circumstances, soldering can ensure that weldment has higher reliability.But relative melting welding and pressure welding technology, also clearly, therefore, soldering is comparatively suitable for the weldment connecting accurate, miniature, complicated, many brazed seam, foreign peoples's material to the shortcoming that intensity is general lower, temperature capacity is poor of soldered fitting.
In recent years, the welding of magnesium alloy research made some progress, but magnesium alloy brazing technology is not also very ripe, and the method for welding of casting and extrusion magnesium alloy mainly contains that pricker in gas brazing, stove is defended, dip brazing etc.Along with the sharp increase of the magnesium alloy application nineties in 20th century, magnesium alloy brazing causes the interest of people, particularly due in the application of space industry as light body structure material.Some researchers are studied the argon arc welding (TIG, MIG) of magnesium alloy and magnesium alloy and aluminium alloy, electron beam welding (EBW), Laser Welding (LBW) and friction stir welding (FSW) etc. in recent years, from the viewpoint of solder, the solder not having the magnesium of extensive use house gold solder to connect, still has suitable distance from the actual large-scale application of industry.Application number be 201110000830.0 Chinese patent application disclose a kind of Al-Mg-Zn magnesium alloy brazing solder, it adopts solvent protection method method to carry out brazing filler metal alloy melting, is cast into ingot casting, then adopt mechanical dissection solder is divided into rectangular bulk.The preparation method of current most of magnesium alloy brazing filler metal is all obtained by mechanical means after different-alloy ingot is added hot smelting again, but this preparation method will inevitably the loss of raw material, and smelting equipment cost is high and need special messenger's periodic maintenance.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides the tungsten level argon arc welding welding method of magnesium alloy, the solder that this magnesium alloy welding method adopts is prepared without the need to metallurgical smelting.
The invention provides a kind of tungsten level argon arc welding welding method of magnesium alloy, comprise the steps:
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following pulp furnish, the raw material of corresponding parts by weight is chosen:
Al 29~37
Zn 15~23
Mg 6~9
Na
3AlF
6 4~7
(2) the Mg powder in above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) by the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps process, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in raw material
3alF
6abundant mixing, is then placed in drying baker, dry 40 ~ 60min at the temperature of 100 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to through 4-roller hot-rolling mill the strip that thickness is 1 ~ 2mm, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is preheated to 110 DEG C in advance, and coats lubricant at roller surface, and protective gas is argon gas;
(5) for the Mg-Mn alloy strip that above-mentioned steps is obtained, intercepted the band of certain length and width by mechanical means, then be made into there is the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) obtain in step 5) in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip and add a certain amount of step 1-3) obtained mixed-powder, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 0.8 ~ 1.2:1, again by sealing after the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip overlap joint, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, adopt the magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank of cold drawing method to step 6) to carry out wire drawing, at least carry out three drawings operation, each deformation rate is no more than 25%, and finally obtained diameter is the magnesium alloy brazing solder of 0.5 ~ 2mm;
C, welding
(8) get 2-4mm magnesium alloy and treat welding plate, first remove the greasy dirt treating welding plate surface with acetone, and then treat welding plate by sand paper mechanical grinding, make polishing within the scope of the 20 ~ 30mm of its both sides expose metallic luster;
(9) butt-welding fitting front and back logical argon shield 8 ~ 10min simultaneously, protective gas is the argon gas that purity is greater than 99.98%; Then by step 4-7) obtained brazing solder is placed in joint, the argon arc welding of tungsten level is adopted to weld, running parameter is: argon flow amount 8L/min ~ 16L/min, tungsten electrode diameter is 1.6mm, extension elongation 2 ~ 3mm, torch neck is from the distance 8mm ~ 12mm of workpiece, and the angle between welding gun tungsten electrode and weldment is 70 ° ~ 85 °;
(10) after current interruption, argon gas continues circulation 10s ~ 20s, to prevent tungsten electrode to be oxidized, completes welding.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: first, the present invention is in the preparation of brazing solder, first obtained solder mixed-powder, adopt magnesium ribbon to wrap up powder again, and make solder through cold drawing method, diameter and the length of final brazing solder can be adjusted as required, whole process does not carry out melt process to raw material, therefore avoid the loss of raw material in fusing ingot casting process, and without the need to smelting equipment, preparation technology is simple.Secondly, the present invention by great many of experiments, finally show that mentioned component is distributed rationally, wherein Na in the selection of material
3alF
6as activator, play in brazing process and melt magnesian effect.Finally, the present invention adopts ball-milling treatment to Mg powder, Zn powder and Al powder, reduces powder size further and makes it activate, can improve the intensity of sintered body, improve its percentage elongation.
detailed description of the invention:
below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described, and to illustrate marked improvement of the present invention and substantive distinguishing features, but the present invention is only confined to embodiment by no means.
Embodiment 1
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following pulp furnish, the raw material of corresponding parts by weight is chosen:
Al 29
Zn 23
Mg 6
Na
3AlF
6 7
(2) the Mg powder in above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) by the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps process, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in raw material
3alF
6abundant mixing, is then placed in drying baker, dry 40 ~ 60min at the temperature of 100 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to through 4-roller hot-rolling mill the strip that thickness is 1mm, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is preheated to 110 DEG C in advance, and coats lubricant at roller surface, and protective gas is argon gas;
(5) for the Mg-Mn alloy strip that above-mentioned steps is obtained, intercepted the band of certain length and width by mechanical means, then be made into there is the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) obtain in step 5) in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip and add a certain amount of step 1-3) obtained mixed-powder, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 0.8:1, again by sealing after the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip overlap joint, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, adopt the magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank of cold drawing method to step 6) to carry out wire drawing, at least carry out three drawings operation, each deformation rate is no more than 25%, and finally obtained diameter is the magnesium alloy brazing solder of 0.8mm;
Embodiment 2
The preparation of A, solder mixed-powder
(1) according to following pulp furnish, the raw material of corresponding parts by weight is chosen:
Al 37
Zn 15
Mg 9
Na
3AlF
6 4
(2) the Mg powder in above-mentioned raw materials, Zn powder and Al powder are carried out ball milling respectively, ball milling adopts absolute ethyl alcohol to carry out liquid protection, and abrading-ball adopts steel ball, and rotating speed is 350r/min, and Ball-milling Time is 3 ~ 5 hours;
(3) by the Mg powder of above-mentioned steps process, Zn powder and Al powder, and the Na in raw material
3alF
6abundant mixing, is then placed in drying baker, dry 40 ~ 60min at the temperature of 100 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, and protective gas is nitrogen, obtains mixed-powder;
The preparation of B, brazing solder
(4) choose Mg-Mn alloy pig in addition, wherein Mg content is no less than 90%, and alloy pig is rolled to through 4-roller hot-rolling mill the strip that thickness is 1 ~ 2mm, and wherein 4-roller hot-rolling mill is preheated to 110 DEG C in advance, and coats lubricant at roller surface, and protective gas is argon gas;
(5) for the Mg-Mn alloy strip that above-mentioned steps is obtained, intercepted the band of certain length and width by mechanical means, then be made into there is the slender U-shaped of opening;
(6) obtain in step 5) in the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip and add a certain amount of step 1-3) obtained mixed-powder, the mass ratio of described U-shaped alloy strip and mixed-powder is 1.2:1, again by sealing after the opening of slender U-shaped alloy strip overlap joint, mixed-powder is coated on wherein, obtains magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank;
(7) select wire drawing die, adopt the magnesium alloy brazing filler metal blank of cold drawing method to step 6) to carry out wire drawing, at least carry out three drawings operation, each deformation rate is no more than 25%, and finally obtained diameter is the magnesium alloy brazing solder of 1.6mm;
Embodiment 3
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 1. 7 mm, adopts the brazing solder of embodiment 1, then adopts following steps:
First remove the greasy dirt treating welding plate surface with acetone, and then treat welding plate by sand paper mechanical grinding, make polishing within the scope of the 20 ~ 30mm of its both sides expose metallic luster;
Butt-welding fitting front and back is logical argon shield 8 ~ 10min simultaneously, and protective gas is the argon gas that purity is greater than 99.98%; Then brazing solder is placed in joint, the argon arc welding of tungsten level is adopted to weld, running parameter is: argon flow amount 8L/min ~ 16L/min, tungsten electrode diameter is 1.6mm, extension elongation 2 ~ 3mm, torch neck is from the distance 8mm ~ 12mm of workpiece, and the angle between welding gun tungsten electrode and weldment is 70 ° ~ 85 °;
After current interruption, argon gas continues circulation 10s ~ 20s, to prevent tungsten electrode to be oxidized, completes welding.
Embodiment 4
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 2. 5 mm, and adopt the brazing solder of embodiment 1, all the other steps are with embodiment 4;
Embodiment 5
Welding piece is the AZ31B magnesium alloy plate of thickness 3.5 mm, adopts the brazing solder of embodiment 1, then adopts following steps:
Finally shear strength test and hot strength test are carried out to soldered fitting, shearing strength of joint test method is carried out according to GB11363.89 (soldering joint strength test method), and the test specimen of postwelding measures the shearing strength of joint on MTS8l0 testing machine for mechanical properties.During test, the fixture translational speed 0.5mm/s of clamping, data transfer rate 5.0 point, second, temperature 18 DEG C, the load applied during record joint breaking.
Joint tensile strength test method is the tensile sample size utilizing Linear cut prepared soldered fitting to be cut into GB11363-89 (soldering joint strength test method) to specify, makes weld seam placed in the middle, and is polished by cut surface with sand paper.Tension test is carried out on MTS810 testing machine for mechanical properties, the fixture translational speed 0.5mm/s of clamping, data transfer rate 5.0 points/second, temperature 18 DEG C, the load applied during record joint breaking.
Last experimental result is as following table
|
Shear strength (Mpa) |
Hot strength (Mpa) |
Embodiment 4 |
68 |
79 |
Embodiment 5 |
60 |
75 |
Embodiment 6 |
69 |
70 |