CN104275469A - Solid-liquid connecting method of aluminum materials - Google Patents
Solid-liquid connecting method of aluminum materials Download PDFInfo
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- CN104275469A CN104275469A CN201410472036.XA CN201410472036A CN104275469A CN 104275469 A CN104275469 A CN 104275469A CN 201410472036 A CN201410472036 A CN 201410472036A CN 104275469 A CN104275469 A CN 104275469A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/04—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product for joining parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D19/00—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product
- B22D19/0081—Casting in, on, or around objects which form part of the product pretreatment of the insert, e.g. for enhancing the bonding between insert and surrounding cast metal
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Abstract
The invention discloses a solid-liquid connecting method of aluminum materials. The solid-liquid connecting method comprises the following steps of carrying out surface zinc layer protection treatment on a to-be-connected solid-state aluminum alloy preset material; melting and refining to-be-poured aluminum alloy, and obtaining liquid-state pouring aluminum alloy; presetting the to-be-connected solid-state aluminum alloy preset material which is subjected to the surface zinc layer protection treatment in a die cavity; pouring the liquid-state pouring aluminum alloy into the die cavity, and enabling metallurgical bonding to be formed between the to-be-connected solid-state aluminum alloy preset material and the to-be-connected liquid-state pouring aluminum alloy, i.e. completing solid-liquid connection of different kinds of aluminum alloy materials. According to the solid-liquid connecting method of the aluminum materials, disclosed by the invention, a series of problems, such as oxidation, slag inclusion, air suction, hot cracking and composition segregation, which are often caused when a traditional welding method is used for connecting the aluminum alloy are solved, the difficulty that the metallurgical bonding is prevented from being formed by a surface oxidation film is overcome, the composite technological process is simple, the constraint which is limited by the appearance condition is small, the requirement on technological equipment is simple, and gas protection is not needed.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to two kinds of intermetallic methods of attachment, be specifically related to a kind of solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material.
Background technology
Aluminum-aluminum alloy material is due to its excellent characteristic, density is little, specific strength is high, specific stiffness is high, shock resistance is good, corrosion-resistant, wear-resisting, high connductivity, high heat conduction, good processing forming and high reclaiming etc., be widely used in vehicle, boats and ships, building, machinery, aerospace and power electronics industry.Along with the fast development of industry and the continuous progress of science and technology, homogenous material has been difficult to meet the requirement of each field for material combination property, heterogeneity aluminum alloy composite can the advantage of comprehensive each constituent element in design, it is made to have good combination property, and widely applicable, receive increasing concern.Compared to single metal material, its advantage is in particular in following three aspects: 1. excellent combination property; 2. good economic benefit; 3. designability widely.So be widely used in multiple fields such as Aero-Space, military weapons, communications and transportation and electronic information.
But, due to the physicochemical characteristics of aluminium alloy uniqueness, often there is a series of problem such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing, component segregation when utilizing traditional welding method connecting aluminum alloy.Through finding the retrieval of prior art, except the connection of welding outer solid-liquid in addition, be admittedly solidly connected and the three class connected modes such as liquid liquid connection.Researcher is had to pass through rolling, diffusion welding (DW), explosive welding (EW) extruding and friction stir welding etc. are admittedly solidly connected method by two kinds of aluminium alloys and link together, but because Aluminum-aluminum alloy material is easy to oxidation under atmospheric environment, especially under hot conditions, aluminum alloy surface can form thick layer and the oxide-film of densification, seriously hinder the interaction between two kinds of metals, in addition, greasy dirt on surface, impurity etc. also can affect cohesive process, make to be difficult between aluminium alloy form metallurgical binding, cause not reaching desirable bonding strength, simultaneously, admittedly be solidly connected the restriction being often subject to equipment, for the profile of material, size has very strict requirement, limit the promotion and application of aluminium Al bimetal material to a certain extent.Also there is researcher to utilize liquid liquid recombination mechanism in addition, two kinds of aluminium alloys are linked together by twice pouring procedure, but higher to equipment requirement, and production technology is very complicated simultaneously.
Compared to other two kinds of methods, solid-liquid complex technique operation is simple, little by form factor constraint, process equipment requires simply, production efficiency is higher, is the Perfected process connecting heterogeneity aluminum alloy.Through finding the retrieval of prior art, this kind of method has been widely used at steel (solid-state)-cast iron (liquid state), cast iron (solid-state)-aluminium alloy (liquid state), steel (solid-state)-aluminium alloy (liquid state), aluminium alloy (solid-state)-magnesium alloy (liquid state), in the systems such as copper (solid-state)-cast iron (liquid state), the double metallic composite material of preparation is widely used in the middle of each industrial circle, such as grinder hammerhead, the core payment to a porter of aluminium Baogang, automobile manifold, Structural Materials for Automobile Parts etc., be proved to be to prepare the very economical effective method of double metallic composite material.But, under the condition of aluminium alloy as preset solid-state material, application seldom, because the oxide-film of aluminum alloy surface can affect solid-state preset aluminium alloy and liquid material directly acts on, causes its application industrially to be hindered.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the object of this invention is to provide a kind of solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material, solve in existing aluminium alloy interconnection technique and often cause calmodulin binding domain CaM to form oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing, component segregation, the existence of simultaneous oxidation film can have a strong impact on the series of problems such as the performance of interaction between two kinds of metals and connector, make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminium alloys, there is excellent mechanical property.
Of the present inventionly to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material, described method comprises the steps:
Step one, surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment is carried out to solid aluminum alloy to be connected, be then preset in mold cavity;
Step 2, melt another aluminum material to be connected and refining, obtain liquid pouring aluminum material;
Step 3, pour in mold cavity by step 2 gained liquid pouring aluminum material, casting makes to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum materials to be connected, and the solid-liquid namely completing aluminum material connects.
Preferably, in step one, described solid aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil, wrought aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite etc.
Preferably, in step one, the method for described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment comprises plating, chemical plating, hot-dip, thermal spraying, vapour deposition etc.
Preferably, in step one, the zinc coating thickness 0.1 ~ 40 μm of described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment.
Preferably, in step 2, described aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil or wrought aluminium alloy etc.
Preferably, in step 3, described casting comprises sand casting, permanent mold casting, low pressure casting, high-pressure casting, vacuum pressing and casting, extrusion casint, centrifugal casting etc.
Preferably, the temperature of described extrusion casint is 600 DEG C ~ 750 DEG C, and the pressure of described extruding is 0 ~ 120MPa.
Preferably, the temperature of described permanent mold casting is 600 ~ 750 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) compared with traditional welding method, the appearance of a series of problems such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing, component segregation is avoided;
(2) be admittedly solidly connected compared with method, little by form factor constraint, the connection between the heterogeneity aluminum alloy that can realize any shape in theory.Compare with the method for attachment of liquid liquid, technology operation is simple, process equipment requires simple;
(3) the present invention program utilizes zincincation, well solves the problem of surface film oxide, and the bonding strength between heterogeneity aluminum alloy can be made to reach higher level.
Accompanying drawing explanation
By reading the detailed description done non-limiting example with reference to the following drawings, other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more obvious:
Fig. 1 is embodiment a kind of hot strength experiment style schematic diagram;
Wherein, 1 and 2 is state cast aluminum materials at night, and 3 is solid aluminum materials;
Fig. 2 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface zone metallograph in embodiment 1;
Wherein, 4 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface
Fig. 3 is 6101 aluminium alloys and commercial-purity aluminium interface zone metallograph in embodiment 2;
Wherein, 5 is 6101 aluminium alloys and commercial-purity aluminium interface;
Fig. 4 is 6101 aluminium alloys and 6101 aluminium alloy interface zone metallographs in embodiment 3;
Wherein, 6 is 6101 aluminium alloys and 6101 aluminium alloy interfaces;
Fig. 5 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface zone metallograph in embodiment 5;
Wherein, 7 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface;
Fig. 6 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface zone metallograph in embodiment 6;
Wherein, 8 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy interface.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is described in detail.Following examples will contribute to those skilled in the art and understand the present invention further, but not limit the present invention in any form.It should be pointed out that to those skilled in the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, some distortion and improvement can also be made.These all belong to protection scope of the present invention.
embodiment 1
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of wrought aluminium alloy and Birmasil, comprises the steps:
Step one, carry out electrogalvanizing process to the preset material surface of solid-state 6101 aluminium alloys (wrought aluminium alloy) to be connected, galvanized layer thickness is 5 μm;
Step 2, melt A356 aluminium alloy to be cast and (Birmasil) and refining;
Step 3, step one gained is preset in mold cavity through the preset material of 6101 aluminium alloy of electrogalvanizing process;
Step 4, utilize metal mould cast method, at 700 DEG C, A356 aluminium alloy is poured in mold cavity.Make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum alloy materials, namely complete heterogeneity aluminum alloy solid-liquid and connect.
Fig. 2 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination rear interface administrative division map under this condition, does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing as can be observed from Figure at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, A356 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.(Fig. 1 is shown in by hot strength schematic diagram in drawn test, wherein 3 is solid aluminum materials, be preset in dies cavity, then pouring liquid aluminum material 1,2), tensile strength is 144MPa, fracture position is in the A356 matrix that intensity is lower, and interface zone cracking phenomena does not occur, and illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 144MPa.
embodiment 2
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of wrought aluminium alloy and fine aluminium, comprises the steps:
Step one, carry out electro-galvanized layer process to the preset material surface of solid-state 6101 aluminium alloy to be connected, galvanized layer thickness is 5 μm;
Step 2, melt fine aluminium to be cast and refining;
Step 3, step one gained is preset in mold cavity through the preset material of 6101 aluminium alloy of electrogalvanizing process;
Step 4, utilize extrusion casting method, at 700 DEG C, fine aluminium is poured in mold cavity, squeeze pressure 20MPa.Make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum alloy materials, namely complete xenogenesis aluminum material solid-liquid and connect.
Fig. 3 is 6101 aluminium alloys and commercial-purity aluminium interface zone figure under this condition, as can be observed from Figure, does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing as can be observed from Figure at calmodulin binding domain CaM; There is no obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, well solve the difficult problem that oxide-film hinders metallurgical binding to be formed.Drawn is tested, and tensile strength is 65MPa, and fracture position is in the pure aluminum substrate that intensity is lower, and interface zone does not have obvious cracking phenomena, illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 65MPa.
embodiment 3
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of wrought aluminium alloy and wrought aluminium alloy, comprises the steps:
Step one, carry out the process of thermal spraying zinc to the preset material surface of solid-state 6101 aluminium alloy to be connected, zinc coating thickness is 20 μm;
Step 2, melt 6101 aluminium alloys to be cast and refining;
Step 3, step one gained is preset in mold cavity through the preset material of 6101 aluminium alloy of thermal spraying zinc process;
Step 4, utilize extrusion casting method, at 700 DEG C, 6101 aluminium alloys are poured in mold cavity, squeeze pressure 50MPa.Make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum alloy materials, namely complete aluminium alloy solid-liquid of the same race and connect.
Fig. 4 is 6101 aluminium alloys and 6101 aluminium alloy interface zone figure under this condition, does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and 61016 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; There is no obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, utilize surface protection zinc layers well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and tensile strength is 210MPa, and fracture position is in solid-state preset aluminium alloy 6101 matrix, and interface zone does not have obvious cracking phenomena, illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 210MPa.
embodiment 4
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of Birmasil and wrought aluminium alloy, comprises the steps:
Step one, carry out electrogalvanizing process to the preset material surface of solid A 356 alloy to be connected, zinc coating thickness is 10 μm;
Step 2, melt 6101 aluminium alloys to be cast and refining;
Step 3, step one gained is preset in mold cavity through the preset material of 6101 aluminium alloy of electrogalvanizing process;
Step 4, utilize extrusion casting method, at 700 DEG C, 6101 aluminium alloys are poured in mold cavity, squeeze pressure 70MPa.Make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum alloy materials, namely complete heterogeneity aluminum alloy solid-liquid and connect.
Result shows, and does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; There is no obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, utilize surface protection zinc layers well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and tensile strength is 180MPa, and fracture position is in the A356 matrix that intensity is lower, and interface zone does not have obvious cracking phenomena, illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 180MPa.
embodiment 5
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of wrought aluminium alloy and Birmasil, comprises the steps:
Step one, carry out electrogalvanizing process to the preset material surface of solid-state 6101 aluminium alloy to be connected, galvanized layer thickness is 10 μm;
Step 2, melt A356 aluminium alloy to be cast and refining;
Step 3, step one gained is preset in mold cavity through the preset material of 6101 aluminium alloy of electrogalvanizing process;
Step 4, utilize extrusion casting method, at 700 DEG C, A356 aluminium alloy is poured in mold cavity, squeeze pressure 30MPa.Make to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum alloy materials to be connected, namely complete heterogeneity aluminum alloy solid-liquid and connect.
Fig. 5 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination rear interface administrative division map under this condition, does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing as can be observed from Figure at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, A356 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and bonding strength intensity is 160MPa.
embodiment 6
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of aluminium alloy solid-liquid, and concrete scheme is identical with embodiment 5, and difference is only:
In step one, galvanized layer thickness is 1 μm;
In step 4, the condition of cast is 700 DEG C, 0MPa.
Fig. 6 is 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination rear interface administrative division map under this condition, does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing as can be observed from Figure at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, A356 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and bonding strength is 159MPa.
embodiment 7
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of aluminium alloy solid-liquid, and concrete scheme is identical with embodiment 5, and difference is only:
In step 2, alloy to be cast is ZL109 aluminium alloy;
In step 4, the condition of cast is 600 DEG C, 20MPa.
Result shows, and does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and ZL109 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, ZL109 aluminium alloy dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and bonding strength is 195MPa.
embodiment 8
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of aluminium alloy solid-liquid, and concrete scheme is identical with embodiment 5, and difference is only:
In step one, galvanized layer thickness is 20 μm;
In step 4, the condition of cast is 750 DEG C, 120MPa.
Result shows, and does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, A356 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and bonding strength is 162MPa.
embodiment 9
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of aluminium alloy solid-liquid, and technical scheme is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is only:
In step 2, alloy to be cast is ZL109 aluminium alloy;
In step 4, pour into a mould at 600 DEG C.
Result shows, and does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and ZL109 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, ZL109 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and bonding strength is 180MPa, and fracture position is in the ZL109 matrix that intensity is lower, and interface zone cracking phenomena does not occur, and illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 180MPa.
embodiment 10
The present embodiment relates to the method for attachment of a kind of aluminium alloy solid-liquid, and technical scheme is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is only:
In step one, galvanized layer thickness is 18 μm;
In step 4, pour into a mould at 750 DEG C.
Result shows, and does not occur the defect such as oxide slag inclusion, air-breathing, hot tearing under this condition after 6101 aluminium alloys and A356 aluminium alloy solid-liquid combination at calmodulin binding domain CaM; Do not have obvious interface between two kinds of aluminium alloys, define metallurgical binding, A356 dendrite directly grows from 6101 matrixes; Surface protection zinc layers is utilized well to solve a difficult problem for oxide-film obstruction metallurgical binding formation.Drawn is tested, and fracture strength is 146MPa, and fracture position is in the A356 matrix that intensity is lower, and interface zone cracking phenomena does not occur, and illustrates that bonding strength is greater than 146MPa.
Above specific embodiments of the invention are described.It is to be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned particular implementation, those skilled in the art can make various distortion or amendment within the scope of the claims, and this does not affect flesh and blood of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a solid-liquid method of attachment for aluminum material, is characterized in that, described method comprises the steps:
Step one, surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment is carried out to solid aluminum material to be connected, be then preset in mold cavity;
Step 2, melt another aluminum material to be connected and refining, obtain liquid pouring aluminum material;
Step 3, pour in mold cavity by step 2 gained liquid pouring aluminum material, casting makes to form metallurgical binding between two kinds of aluminum materials to be connected, and the solid-liquid namely completing aluminum material connects.
2. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step one, described aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil, wrought aluminium alloy or aluminum matrix composite.
3. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step one, the method for described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment comprises plating, chemical plating, hot-dip, thermal spraying or vapour deposition.
4. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the zinc coating thickness 0.1 ~ 40 μm of described surperficial zinc layers conservation treatment.
5. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 2, described aluminum material comprises fine aluminium, Birmasil or wrought aluminium alloy.
6. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step 3, described casting comprises sand casting, permanent mold casting, low pressure casting, high-pressure casting, vacuum pressing and casting, extrusion casint or centrifugal casting.
7. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the pouring temperature in described extrusion casint is 600 ~ 750 DEG C, and the pressure of extruding is 0 ~ 120MPa.
8. the solid-liquid method of attachment of aluminum material according to claim 6, is characterized in that, the pouring temperature in described permanent mold casting is 600 ~ 750 DEG C.
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Cited By (12)
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CN105537859A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing duplex metal composite material through solid-liquid compounding and drawing combination of solid steel |
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CN105537858A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-04 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing bimetal composite material by solid and liquid bonding and extruding on solid steel in combined manner |
CN105562662A (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2016-05-11 | 上海交通大学 | Method for preparing bimetallic composite through combination of solid-liquid compounding and drawing of solid aluminum materials |
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CN110340330A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2019-10-18 | 南京理工大学 | A kind of multiple dimensioned preparation method that heterogeneous stratiform structural al alloy is precipitated |
CN111331105A (en) * | 2020-04-17 | 2020-06-26 | 安徽澳新工具有限公司 | Wear-resistant high-speed steel hammer and preparation method thereof |
CN113664185A (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2021-11-19 | 惠州学院 | Preparation method for preparing aluminum alloy bimetal composite material by adopting electromagnetic casting |
CN113664185B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-11-04 | 惠州学院 | Preparation method for preparing aluminum alloy bimetal composite material by adopting electromagnetic casting |
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