CN103283718A - Method for manufacturing tobacco disease specimen - Google Patents
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- CN103283718A CN103283718A CN2013102772238A CN201310277223A CN103283718A CN 103283718 A CN103283718 A CN 103283718A CN 2013102772238 A CN2013102772238 A CN 2013102772238A CN 201310277223 A CN201310277223 A CN 201310277223A CN 103283718 A CN103283718 A CN 103283718A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a tobacco disease specimen, belonging to the biological field of species. NaHCO3 is adopted to substitute for HCOOH and Cu(HCOO)2 so as to treat a plant specimen, the treated plant specimen becomes light green and is more near the primary color than the specimen treated by the prior art in the aspect of color keeping effect, so that the plant specimen can be kept for a long time and used for teaching and scientific research; the stereotype of using a wall map in teaching is overcome, and the deficiencies that a fresh specimen is damaged easily and material selection is difficult due to the separation of a class schedule from a specimen season are made up; according to the method, the use is convenient, the effect is remarkable and certain artistry and ornamental value are achieved, meanwhile raw materials are rich and no pungent smell is generated during manufacturing, the manufacturing cost is low, the operation is simple, the controllability is high, and the practicability is strong.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method, belong to the species field of biology.
Background technology
Biological sample is the main foundation that living species is identified, it is the tangible evidence data of research species distribution systematic growth etc., can also provide more about change in resources particularly history and the present situation data of rare living resources in imminent danger, herbarium also is belong to biological sample a kind of.
A herbarium comprises the bulk information of corresponding species, occupies an important position in teaching and scientific research.The link of preparation of specimen is more, and method also is varied, and along with the progress in epoch, some important changes have changed the ways and means of traditional collection of specimens and making.This has not only saved manpower greatly, and material resources have also increased the accuracy of sample information, have improved the quality of sample, have changed herbarium traditional fabrication pattern.
Exsiccata is a kind of traditional sample of sample, is in fact to lie on the blotting paper of specimen holder after arrangement adopting the herbarium that comes, and the compacting suction formed in several days.
The immersion liquid sample is according to containing a kind of guarantor's colour code basis that chlorophyll occurs in the chloroplast in the plant corpus.The chlorophyll molecule structure that with the copper atom is core is very stable, the destruction that is not easy to be decomposed, and the most frequently used dipping solution has Schweinfurt green glacial acetic acid solution, copper-bath, sulfurous acid solution, ethanol, formaldehyde, formalin etc.
The preparation method of existing sample mainly contains: the physics method, to moisture content less, be easy to drying, after the drying again on-deformable vegetable material mainly adopt the physics method; Straight pressing is placed directly in sample on the blotting paper, clamps absorbent drying with specimen holder and forms; Electric iron is pressed method for making, blotting paper is launched to be tiled on the testing stand, sample is lain on the blotting paper, launch face of blade and reverse side, other parts also keep different sightingpistons as far as possible, and whole sample is flattened, and are in 55-65 ℃ electric iron with temperature and slowly scald equably in the same direction on towel and press, repeatable operation gets final product to the towel moisture drying; Micro-wave oven baking method is utilized microwave and the dry sample of heating principle, during first treated, should use lower power and short time, and moisture is is slowly scattered and disappeared after the part, increases power again and adds long-time; Freeze-drying is divided into two stages: pre-freeze stage and sublimation stage; The silica dehydrator method is utilized bibulous silica gel of powder, and namely the silica gel powder of the blotting paper upper berth 1-2cm thickness between two parts of samples so reselects to 17cm thickness, adds weight at specimen holder again; Baking oven baking, general temperature are at 30-50 ℃, perhaps with infrared lamp oven dry compacting, namely with corrugated board, cystosepiment the toilet paper that clips sample is separated, tie with specimen holder, be put on the baking rack, infrared lamp is put under the baking rack and toasts, and temperature is about 40 ℃; Chemical method utilizes chemical method, simulates the green of leaf green element, thereby makes the blade colour developing, and chlorophyll molecule is replaced by hydrogen atom by the acid effect and separates, and can demonstrate like greenery the same green with replacement oxygen such as copper ion, leaf this moment.
Tobacco is as one of topmost economic crops in Yunnan Province, and it has a strong impact on tobacco production and quality from being seeded into the infringement that the whole process of cigarette all can be subjected to various microorganisms to some extent, causes heavy economic losses.In recent years, tobacco diseases more is outstanding, thereby also seems especially important for making and the preservation of its sample.The tobacco sample is one of teaching aid of teaching and scientific research, thereby the tobacco sample be manufactured with its very important realistic meaning, but there are a lot of problems in the making of tobacco sample, and some volatile chemicals in cost of manufacture and the manufacturing process especially are to the influence of experimenter and environment.
Tobacco belongs to Dicotyledoneae, eggplant order, Solanaceae, Nicotiana, and the tobacco sample that conventional method is produced is difficult to long period maintenance primary colors.Back general several weeks or some months come out in tobacco glass box preparation of specimen will the flavescence blackening, and the cauline leaf sample that immersion method is made becomes transparent whites after several months or several years, be difficult to keep primary colors.
The making of tobacco sample mainly comprises immersion liquid sample, glass box sample, herbarium, slide sample etc., and after the preparation method of general sample mainly was the tobacco collection of specimens, stem and Ye Ke were pressed in the sample paper of suction, clamps with specimen holder, and drying is let alone in Exposure to Sunlight.The tobacco sample effect that only this method is produced is very undesirable, and the value for preservation that only has some months that the immersion liquid sample is made of commonsense method will variable color, is difficult to have teaching and exemplary role.
Therefore, be badly in need of a kind of new tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method of exploitation, overcome the problems referred to above, to adapt to the needs of social production.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the present invention proposes a kind of tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method, adopt NaHCO
3Replace HCOOH and Cu (HCOO)
2Handle herbarium, color after the processing becomes light green, protect sample that chromatic effect handles than prior art more near primary colors, can keep for a long time for teaching, scientific research and use, overcome and in teaching, used the inflexible of wall chart, remedied that fresh specimens is damaged easily and class hour progress cause deficiencies such as selection difficulty with the disconnection in season, not only easy to use, effect obviously and have certain artistry and an ornamental value, simultaneously, have no irritating odor in abundant raw material, the manufacturing process, environment protection health, cost of manufacture are lower, simple to operate, and the controllability height is practical.
Be to realize goal of the invention, the technical solution used in the present invention: a kind of tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method, specific operation process is carried out according to following step;
The selection of the first step, material;
According to season in the morning or plant transpiration effect at dusk when more weak, select in this season grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material, and according to the plant characteristics of different tobacco leaves, tobacco leaf is classified, be divided into children tender blade, mature leaf, anaphase blade;
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 4 times NaHCO respectively
3Solution, 6 times NaHCO
3Solution, 8 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into;
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
With NaHCO
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion, determine the digestion time according to the quality situation of tobacco leaf, after digestion finishes, the tobacco leaf is taken out, clean with clear water;
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After the tobacco leaf put in order, carry out compaction drying, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, puts in the ventilative specimen holder and tightens with rope, compresses with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 2～3 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make;
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper, and then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor;
It is standby that the 6th step, making glass box sample or mistake are moulded sample.
In above-mentioned the 3rd step operation, when be young tender blade, adopt 4 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 1min; When being mature leaf, adopt 6 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min when being anaphase blade, adopts 8 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min.
In the processing of the 3rd step, container is in opening-wide state all the time.
In above-mentioned FOUR EASY STEPS, when the plant leaf blade dorsal ventral side has obvious disease feature, this partial blade is turned over clamp, carry out compression process.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts NaHCO
3Replace HCOOH and Cu (HCOO)
2Handle herbarium, color after the processing becomes light green, protect sample that chromatic effect handles than prior art more near primary colors, can keep for a long time for teaching, scientific research and use, overcome and in teaching, used the inflexible of wall chart, remedied that fresh specimens is damaged easily and class hour progress cause deficiencies such as selection difficulty with the disconnection in season, not only easy to use, effect obviously and have certain artistry and an ornamental value, simultaneously, have no irritating odor in abundant raw material, the manufacturing process, environment protection health, cost of manufacture are lower, simple to operate, and the controllability height is practical.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the tobacco diseases sample of the young leaflet tablet of direct compression process;
Fig. 3 is the tobacco diseases sample of the young leaflet tablet of employing copper ion processing;
Fig. 4 is for adopting NaHCO
3The tobacco diseases sample of the young leaflet tablet of solution-treated;
Fig. 5 is the tobacco diseases sample of the mature leaf of direct compression process;
Fig. 6 is the tobacco diseases sample of the mature leaf of employing copper ion processing;
Fig. 7 is for adopting NaHCO
3The tobacco diseases sample of the mature leaf of solution-treated;
Fig. 8 is the tobacco diseases sample of the anaphase blade of direct compression process;
Fig. 9 is the tobacco diseases sample of the anaphase blade of employing copper ion processing;
Figure 10 is for adopting NaHCO
3The tobacco diseases sample of the anaphase blade of solution-treated.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and concrete enforcement the present invention is described in further details, understands to make things convenient for the technical staff.
As shown in Figure 1: a kind of tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method, specific operation process is carried out according to following step;
The selection of the first step, material;
According to season in the morning or plant transpiration effect at dusk when more weak, select in this season grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material, and according to the plant characteristics of different tobacco leaves, tobacco leaf is classified, be divided into young leaflet tablet, mature leaf, anaphase blade.
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 4 times NaHCO respectively
3Solution, 6 times NaHCO
3Solution, 8 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into.
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
With NaHCO
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion, determine the digestion time according to the quality situation of tobacco leaf, after digestion finishes, the tobacco leaf is taken out, clean with clear water.
When being the tender blade of children, adopt 4 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 1min; When being mature leaf, adopt 6 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min when being anaphase blade, adopts 8 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min.
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After the tobacco leaf put in order, carry out compaction drying, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, puts in the ventilative specimen holder and tightens with rope, compresses with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 2～3 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make.
When the plant leaf blade dorsal ventral side has obvious disease feature, this partial blade is turned over clamp, carry out compression process.
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Should get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, must put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper.And then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor.
It is standby that the 6th step, making glass box sample or mistake are moulded sample.
In the processing of the 3rd step, container is in opening-wide state all the time.
According to the method described above, respectively different blades are handled making.
Embodiment 1
Tobacco diseases preparation of specimen at young leaflet tablet.
The selection of the first step, material;
When season, the plant transpiration effect was more weak in the morning, select in this season, grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the young tender tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material.
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 4 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into.
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
NaHCO with 4 times
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the young tender tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion 1min, container is in opening-wide state all the time in the digestion process, and the tender tobacco leaf of children is taken out, and cleans with clear water.
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After the tender tobacco leaf of children put in order, carry out compaction drying, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, puts in the ventilative specimen holder and tightens with rope, compresses with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 2 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make.
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper.And then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor.
The 6th step, to make glass box sample standby.
Embodiment 2
Tobacco diseases preparation of specimen at mature leaf.
The selection of the first step, material;
When season, plant transpiration effect between the lights was more weak, select in this season, grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the one-tenth cured tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material.
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 6 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into.
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
NaHCO with 6 times
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion, digestion 2min, after digestion finished, container was in opening-wide state all the time in the digestion process, will become the cured tobacco leaf to take out, and cleaned with clear water.
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After will becoming the cured tobacco leaf to put in order, have obvious disease feature as the cured tobacco blade back outside of belly, this partial blade is turned over clamp, carry out compression process, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, put in the ventilative specimen holder and tighten with rope, compress with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 3 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make.
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper.And then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor.
The 6th step, made that to mould sample standby.
Embodiment 3
Tobacco diseases preparation of specimen at anaphase blade.
The selection of the first step, material;
According to season in the morning or plant transpiration effect at dusk when more weak, select in this season, grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the later stage tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material.
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 8 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into.
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
NaHCO with 8 times
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion, digestion 2min, container is in opening-wide state all the time in the digestion process, and later stage tobacco leaf is taken out, and cleans with clear water.
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After the tobacco leaf put in order, carry out compaction drying, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, puts in the ventilative specimen holder and tightens with rope, compresses with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 3 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make.
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper.And then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor.
It is standby that the 6th step, making glass box sample or mistake are moulded sample.
In conjunction with above-described embodiment, done following comparative trial:
(1) at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of young leaflet tablet.
Shown in Fig. 2,3,4: at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of young leaflet tablet, select for use the sample of direct compression process and the sample of 3.5 times of copper ion processing 2 minutes (copper ion is handled the optimum condition of young leaflet tablet) to test in contrast and the NaHCO that adopts 4 times
3The sample of solution digestion 1min compares, and can find, directly Ya Zhi the complete flavescence of complete sample; 3.5 doubly 2 minutes sample of copper ion processing keeps original green substantially, but color and luster obfuscation; Adopt NaHCO
3The sample that the solution digestion was handled keeps original green, and lovely luster obviously, when making sample, adopts NaHCO
3The solution digestion is handled better than direct compression process and copper ion processing treatment effect.
Can be found by above comparative trial: when for the tender blade of children, adopt 4 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 1min best results.
(2) at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of mature leaf.
Shown in Fig. 5,6,7: at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of mature leaf, select for use the sample of direct compression process and the sample of 4 times of copper ion processing 4 minutes (copper ion is handled the optimum condition of mature leaf) to test in contrast and the NaHCO that adopts 4 times
3The sample of solution digestion 1min compares, and can find, directly Ya Zhi the complete flavescence of complete sample; 4 minutes sample of 4 times of copper ion processing keeps original green substantially, but the color and luster obfuscation, flavescence slightly; Adopt NaHCO
3The sample that the solution digestion was handled keeps original green, and lovely luster obviously, when making sample, adopts NaHCO
3The solution digestion is handled better than direct compression process and copper ion processing treatment effect.
Can be found by comparative trial: when for mature leaf, adopt 6 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min best results.
(3) at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of anaphase blade.
Shown in Fig. 8,9,10: at the tobacco diseases preparation of specimen of anaphase blade, selecting for use the sample of direct compression process and sample that 3 times of copper ions are handled 3 minutes (copper ion is handled the optimum condition of anaphase blade) to test in contrast with adopting the sample with 8 times of NaHCO3 processing 2min compares, can find, directly Ya Zhi the complete flavescence of complete sample; 3 minutes sample of 3 times of copper ion processing keeps original green substantially, but the color and luster obfuscation, flavescence slightly; Adopt NaHCO
3The sample that the solution digestion was handled keeps original yellow green, and lovely luster obviously, when making sample, adopts NaHCO
3The solution digestion is handled better than direct compression process and copper ion processing treatment effect.
Can be found by comparative trial: when for anaphase blade, adopt 8 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min best results.
The present invention adopts NaHCO
3Replace HCOOH and Cu (HCOO)
2Handle herbarium, color after the processing becomes light green, protect sample that chromatic effect handles than prior art more near primary colors, can keep for a long time for teaching, scientific research and use, overcome and in teaching, used the inflexible of wall chart, remedied that fresh specimens is damaged easily and class hour progress cause deficiencies such as selection difficulty with the disconnection in season, not only easy to use, effect obviously and have certain artistry and an ornamental value, simultaneously, have no irritating odor in abundant raw material, the manufacturing process, environment protection health, cost of manufacture are lower, simple to operate, and the controllability height is practical.
The content that the present invention describes by drawings and Examples, without departing from the present invention, can also carry out various conversion and be equal to replacement patent of the present invention, therefore, patent of the present invention is not limited to disclosed specific implementation process, and should comprise the whole embodiments that fall in the Patent right requirement scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method, it is characterized in that: the specific operation process of tobacco diseases preparation of specimen method is carried out according to following step;
The selection of the first step, material;
According to season in the morning or plant transpiration effect at dusk when more weak, select in this season grow undesired, disease is arranged, can represent the tobacco leaf of tobacco diseases feature as material, and according to the plant characteristics of different tobacco leaves, tobacco leaf is classified, be divided into children tender blade, mature leaf, anaphase blade;
The preparation of second step, medicine;
Prepare 4 times NaHCO respectively
3Solution, 6 times NaHCO
3Solution, 8 times NaHCO
3Solution is poured preservation, stand-by in the wide-mouth bottle into;
The 3rd step, the guarantor's look of heating;
With NaHCO
3After solution is heated to 95-98 ℃ of boiling, the tobacco leaf after cleaning and putting in order is put into, carried out digestion, determine the digestion time according to the quality situation of tobacco leaf, after digestion finishes, the tobacco leaf is taken out, clean with clear water;
The 4th step, compaction drying;
After the tobacco leaf put in order, carry out compaction drying, every part of fresh sample is clamped with old newspaper or toilet paper, after clipping, puts in the ventilative specimen holder and tightens with rope, compresses with weight above; Put sample in order in second day and change dried old newspaper or toilet paper, after 2～3 days, the sample that has suppressed taken out make;
The making of the 5th step, sample;
Get platform paper according to the size of sample, when appearing on the stage paper, put platform paper and herbarium in order, sample is rational deployment on platform paper, and then it is fixing to fasten with glue; After preparation of specimen finishes, labelled in the lower right corner of platform paper, dated numbering, section's name, formal name used at school, Chinese name, the place of production, picker and producer's name and instructor;
It is standby that the 6th step, making glass box sample or mistake are moulded sample.
2. a kind of tobacco diseases according to claim 1 preparation of specimen method is characterized in that: in above-mentioned the 3rd step operation, when be young tender blade, adopt 4 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 1min; When being mature leaf, adopt 6 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min when being anaphase blade, adopts 8 times of NaHCO
3Liquid digestion 2min.
3. a kind of tobacco diseases according to claim 1 preparation of specimen method, it is characterized in that: in handling in the 3rd step, container is in opening-wide state all the time.
4. a kind of tobacco diseases according to claim 1 preparation of specimen method is characterized in that: in above-mentioned FOUR EASY STEPS, when the plant leaf blade dorsal ventral side has obvious disease feature, this partial blade is turned over clamp, carry out compression process.
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| CN104361816A (en) * | 2014-10-21 | 2015-02-18 | 东北农业大学 | Method for making fruit-type disease specimens |
| CN108770840A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2018-11-09 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of tobacco diseases leaf blade specimen dipping preserves liquid and Slide processing |
| CN109085028A (en) * | 2018-06-07 | 2018-12-25 | 西南大学 | The production method that citrus leaves disease solidifies sample |
| CN109169639A (en) * | 2018-08-09 | 2019-01-11 | 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所 | A kind of tobacco rhizome disease dipping specimen saves liquid and Slide processing |
| CN109258629A (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2019-01-25 | 滁州学院 | Waxed plant leaves Slide processing |
| CN112602705A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-06 | 西藏藏草生态科技有限公司 | Processing method for restoring and color-preserving plant specimen |
| CN112715535A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-04-30 | 西藏藏草生态科技有限公司 | Color retention method for plant specimen |
| CN112772640A (en) * | 2020-12-23 | 2021-05-11 | 西藏藏草生态科技有限公司 | Reduction color-preserving method for red pink flower specimen |
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