CN104361816A - Method for making fruit-type disease specimens - Google Patents
Method for making fruit-type disease specimens Download PDFInfo
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- CN104361816A CN104361816A CN201410560899.2A CN201410560899A CN104361816A CN 104361816 A CN104361816 A CN 104361816A CN 201410560899 A CN201410560899 A CN 201410560899A CN 104361816 A CN104361816 A CN 104361816A
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- fruit
- fruits
- melon
- disease
- sample
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/38—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for botany
Abstract
The method relates to a method for making plant disease specimens. The method is suitable for making disease specimens of fruits, hard in pericarp, such as citrus fruits including citrus, lemon and kumquat and melon fruits including pumpkin, white gourd and Hami melon. The method includes keeping color of the fruits hard in pericarp and with typical disease symptoms; scraping out flesh and pulp inside the fruits; using wood bits to replace the pulp to fill the fruits to completely support the fruits open; using glue to adhere soil on pericarp which is cut off; disposing the fruits in a drying oven at 45-55 DEG C until the fruits are dried. The fruit-type disease dried specimens made by the method maintain original color and luster of the fruits and are typical in symptom, free of obvious change in disease symptom and visual and convenient to observe. In addition, consumption of several volatile agents is reduced, so that environment pollution and physical damage are reduced; development of experimental teaching is further facilitated, and teaching effect is improved. Consequently, the method is suitable for popularization and application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method for making of plant disease sample, particularly fruit class comprises the method for making of citrus, melon fruit disease sample.
Background technology
Plant disease sample has very important effect in plant disease qualification and experimental teaching.Plant disease sample is not only the indispensable instrument of AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES, School of High Profession Technology's plant protection relevant speciality practical teaching, the reference that Ye Shi scientific research institutions carry out community service, agricultural technology extension center instructs peasant's agricultural production important simultaneously.Plant disease species of samples common at present mainly contains herbarium, dipping specimen and slide sample.
The block root, stem tuber, fruit etc. of plant morbidity are organized mostly to be stored in maceration extract and are made dipping specimen, dipping specimen is bright-colored, lively, directly perceived, but its medicament such as maceration extract formaldehyde, sulphurous acid, zinc chloride used, there is stronger volatility even toxicity, Long Term Contact is not only harmful to the person, and contaminated environment.The use of above-mentioned medicament can be avoided or reduce to the method for making of the fruit class sample that this invention adopts, the original color and luster of fruit is still kept after keeping color agent process, drying process sequela symptom is without significant change, decrease the use of some volatile medicines simultaneously, avoiding the use of toxic reagent formaldehyde when preserving, alleviating environmental pollution and actual bodily harm.The making prior art utilizing the method to carry out fruit class disease sample did not occur, also there are no the report of this respect.
Patent publication No. is CN103404510A, publication date is the method for making that the Chinese patent on November 27th, 2013 discloses a kind of tobacco rhizome portion disease sample, and the Tobacco Root stem disease sample made can show the Damage pattern of different parts and different time.Patent publication No. is CN103283718A, and publication date is that the Chinese patent on September 11st, 2013 discloses a kind of tobacco diseases Slide processing, adopts NaHCO
3replace HCOOH and Cu (HCOO)
2process plant specimen, the color after process becomes light green, protects the sample of chromatic effect than prior art process closer to primary colors.Patent publication No. is CN1804946, publication date is the method for making that the Chinese patent on July 19th, 2006 discloses a kind of three-dimensional plant specimen, and the method is made by the selection of plant and collection, preparation drying agent, Mold Making, plant softening, absorbent drying and shaping fixing step.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is the method for making of a kind of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample.
The present invention is applied to citrus and comprises the fruits such as oranges and tangerines, lemon, orange, shaddock, cumquat, and melon and fruit class comprises the disease preparation of specimen of the fruits such as pumpkin, wax gourd, pawpaw, watermelon, muskmelon, muskmelon, "Hami" melon.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, wherein requires that the sample gathered only has the medium and single typical case of disease symptom.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, be wherein mainly applicable to pericarp comparatively hard and there is fruit after disease.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, wherein by the fruit of morbidity through protecting look process, it is better that red, yellow and orange fruit Hess Lou keeping color agent protects chromatic effect, green fruit 50% ethanol 90mL, formalin 5 mL, glycerine 2.5 mL, glacial acetic acid 2.5 mL, cupric chloride 10 g are made into mixed solution, flood 72 h.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, wherein protect look complete after sample clear water rinse 3 h or 48 h that are soaked in water, dry.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, and wherein the process of above-mentioned guarantor's look is cut diameter about 5 cm with cutter after completing and organized bottom fruit, the removal interior flesh as far as possible many with dipper and melon pulp.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, and wherein fill with wood chip and replace melon pulp, wood chip will enrich as far as possible, in case pericarp shrinkage, with 502 glue, the melon skin scaled off is adhered to its original position.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, and wherein the above-mentioned sample processed is placed in 45 ~ 55 DEG C of baking ovens and dries, till fruit drying.
The present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, and wherein the above-mentioned sample processed is placed in showcase, avoids direct sunlight.
Fruit class disease dry preserved specimen symptom typical case made by the present invention is intuitively convenient to observe.After keeping color agent process, still keep the original color and luster of fruit, drying process sequela symptom, without significant change, decreases the use of some volatile medicines simultaneously, avoiding the use of toxic reagent formaldehyde, alleviating environmental pollution and actual bodily harm when preserving.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and test, to above-mentioned being described in more detail with other technical characteristic and advantage of the present invention.
The sample of the present embodiment gathers fresh, the single typical case of symptom from field and only has medium morbidity fruit.
Concrete operations are as follows:
(1) Pretreated
The sample that field gathers first is cleaned with clear water, keeps the original color and luster of fruit, fruit is placed in keeping color agent and preserves.Different by sample of color, select right treating fluid: red, yellow and orange fruit Hess Lou keeping color agent, wherein zinc chloride 50 g, glycerine 25 mL, formalin 25 mL, water 1000mL, zinc chloride is dissolved in hot water, then formalin and glycerine is added, remove precipitation, with its clarified solution, fruit is placed in Hess Lou keeping color agent and protects look 72 h; Green fruit can be made into mixed solution with 50% ethanol 90 mL, formalin 5 mL, glycerine 2.5 mL, glacial acetic acid 2.5 mL, cupric chloride 10 g, floods 72 h, can protect look.Then rinse 3 h or 48 h that are soaked in water with clear water, dry.
(2) fruit inter-process
Bottom fruit, cut diameter about 5 cm with cutter organize (suitably adjusting according to the large I of material), with dipper, melon pulp is scraped, under the condition of not breaking endless belt diseased tissues and pericarp, as far as possible many removal pulp and melon pulp, fill with wood chip and replace pulp and melon pulp and will enrich with full, in case pericarp shrinkage, with 502 glue, the melon skin scaled off is adhered to its original position.
(3) sample drying process
The above-mentioned sample processed is placed in baking oven temperature to be set to 45 ~ 55 DEG C and to be advisable, till being dried to the whole drying of fruit.
(4) samples show
The above-mentioned sample processed is placed in showcase, avoids direct sunlight.
The making of embodiment 1, watermelon gray mold sample
(1) collection of watermelon gray mold
First the fruit of the typical watermelon gray mold of disease symptom is gathered from field.The characteristic symptom of watermelon gray mold sample is: the scab forming " V " font, and the long mould layer having grey black on scab, watermelon will only have medium and quality is harder.The fruit of the watermelon gray mold of collection is placed in vasculum and avoids breakage, take back in experiment.
(2) configuration of keeping color agent
The formula of green keeping color agent: 50% ethanol 90 mL, formalin 5 mL, glycerine 2.5 mL, glacial acetic acid 2.5 mL, cupric chloride 10 g are made into mixed solution.
The configuration of 50% ethanol: measure absolute ethyl alcohol 90 mL with 100 mL graduated cylinders, pours in 200 mL beakers, measures 90 mL distilled water simultaneously and also pours in this beaker, stir evenly, make the ethanol of 50% with glass bar.
The preparation of green keeping color agent: measure 1 L distilled water with beaker and pour in circular glass bottle with cover, 50% ethanol, the formalin of 5 mL, the glycerine (preventing fruit from breaking) of 2.5 mL, the 2.5 mL glacial acetic acid of 90mL are measured with graduated cylinder, weigh in the balance get 10 g cupric chlorides pour in above-mentioned wide-necked bottle (2 L) with glass bar mixing, until cupric chloride all dissolves.
(3) guarantor's look process of watermelon gray mold fruit
Watermelon water is rinsed well, removes the dirt on surface, do not destroy the mould layer of gray mold.Watermelon is placed in green keeping color agent (melon skin of watermelon is for green) and protects look.Watermelon is placed in keeping color agent and protects look 72 h.
(4) loose colour rinses
Watermelon water after protecting look process rinses out the loose colour on surface, and flowing water constantly rinses 3 h or 48 h that are soaked in water.
(5) removal of pulp and melon pulp in watermelon gray mold fruit
The bottom of watermelon (contacting the position of stilt when putting) is drawn with scalper the mouth that diameter is about 5cm, with long handle steel spoon, melon pulp is scraped, under the condition of not breaking endless belt diseased tissues and melon skin, as far as possible many removal pulp and melon pulp, watermelon gray mold usually occurs in the base of fruit place of watermelon, SC is wanted when scraping herein, avoid brokenly the disease symptom of ring gray mold, then fill with wood chip and substitute melon pulp, wood chip will enrich as far as possible, in case melon skin shrinkage, with 502 glue by the melon skin that scales off sticky and on.
(6) drying and processing
The watermelon handled well is placed in stainless steel disc, is placed in baking oven and dries.If the too low fruit that easily makes of temperature is not easy drying, its colour changed into yellow; The too high pericarp of temperature easily breaks.Temperature is set to 45 ~ 55 DEG C and is advisable, till fruit drying.
(7) samples show
The above-mentioned sample processed is placed in showcase, avoids direct sunlight.
Claims (9)
1. a method for making for fruit class disease sample is the method for making comprising citrus, melon fruit disease sample for fruit class.
2. the present invention is applied to the making of fruit class (citrus, melon and fruit class) disease sample, be wherein mainly applicable to pericarp comparatively hard and there is fruit after disease.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described method is first cleaned with clear water by the sample that field gathers, and fruit is placed in corresponding keeping color agent and preserves.
4. the method according to claim 1,2 or 3, is characterized in that: described method is that the sample clear water after being completed by guarantor's look rinses 3 h or 48 h that are soaked in water, and dries.
5. the method according to claim 1-4, is characterized in that: organize (suitably adjusting according to the large I of material) by cutting diameter about 5 cm with cutter bottom fruit in described method, scrapes inner all pulp and melon pulp with dipper.
6. the method according to claim 1-5, is characterized in that: fully fill with wood chip in described method and replace pulp and melon pulp, with 502 glue, the melon skin scaled off is adhered to its original position.
7. the method according to claim 1-6, is characterized in that: in described method, the above-mentioned sample processed is placed in baking oven temperature and is set to 45 ~ 55 DEG C and is advisable, till being dried to the whole drying of fruit.
8. the method according to claim 1-7, is characterized in that: the sample completed in described method is placed in showcase, avoids direct sunlight.
9. the arbitrary described method of claim 1-7 comprises in fruit class in the making of citrus, melon fruit disease sample and applying.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410560899.2A CN104361816A (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | Method for making fruit-type disease specimens |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410560899.2A CN104361816A (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | Method for making fruit-type disease specimens |
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| CN104361816A true CN104361816A (en) | 2015-02-18 |
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| CN201410560899.2A Pending CN104361816A (en) | 2014-10-21 | 2014-10-21 | Method for making fruit-type disease specimens |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109699638A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-03 | 河北出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 | A kind of production method that the operatic circle dipping specimen saves liquid and dipping specimen |
| CN110637811A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-01-03 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for preparing transparent embedded oil-tea camellia fruit specimen |
| CN111449059A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-28 | 西南大学 | Orange fruit solidification specimen |
| CN113368757A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-09-10 | 南京华晟医学检验实验室有限公司 | Fixed preserving fluid for preventing specimen from autolysis and preparation device |
| CN114680103A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preparing plant disease specimen |
| CN115804371A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-17 | 临海市特产技术推广总站(临海市柑桔产业技术协同创新中心) | Method for preparing citrus specimen |
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| DE4443024A1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-05 | Luthner Metall Recycling | Artificial fruit for child education toy |
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2014
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| DE4443024A1 (en) * | 1994-12-02 | 1996-06-05 | Luthner Metall Recycling | Artificial fruit for child education toy |
| CN103283718A (en) * | 2013-07-04 | 2013-09-11 | 云南农业大学 | Method for manufacturing tobacco disease specimen |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109699638A (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2019-05-03 | 河北出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 | A kind of production method that the operatic circle dipping specimen saves liquid and dipping specimen |
| CN109699638B (en) * | 2019-01-22 | 2021-01-12 | 河北出入境检验检疫局检验检疫技术中心 | Pear dipped specimen preserving fluid and manufacturing method of dipped specimen |
| CN110637811A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2020-01-03 | 湖南省林业科学院 | Method for preparing transparent embedded oil-tea camellia fruit specimen |
| CN111449059A (en) * | 2020-05-12 | 2020-07-28 | 西南大学 | Orange fruit solidification specimen |
| CN113368757A (en) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-09-10 | 南京华晟医学检验实验室有限公司 | Fixed preserving fluid for preventing specimen from autolysis and preparation device |
| CN114680103A (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2022-07-01 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preparing plant disease specimen |
| CN114680103B (en) * | 2022-04-15 | 2023-03-14 | 西北农林科技大学 | Method for preparing plant disease specimen |
| CN115804371A (en) * | 2022-12-12 | 2023-03-17 | 临海市特产技术推广总站(临海市柑桔产业技术协同创新中心) | Method for preparing citrus specimen |
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Application publication date: 20150218 |