CN103280391A - Frequency-tunable axial output relativistic magnetron - Google Patents

Frequency-tunable axial output relativistic magnetron Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103280391A
CN103280391A CN2013101957010A CN201310195701A CN103280391A CN 103280391 A CN103280391 A CN 103280391A CN 2013101957010 A CN2013101957010 A CN 2013101957010A CN 201310195701 A CN201310195701 A CN 201310195701A CN 103280391 A CN103280391 A CN 103280391A
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magnetron
tuning
sealed cover
frequency
axial
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CN103280391B (en
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王弘刚
史迪夫
李伟
钱宝良
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National University of Defense Technology
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Abstract

The invention provides a frequency-tunable axial output relativistic magnetron. The magnetron comprises a magnetron input structure, a magnetron resonant cavity structure, a tuning device, a vacuum sealing device, an additional magnetic field system and an axial output structure, wherein the tuning device is arranged in the magnetron resonant cavity structure, and is sealed by using the vacuum sealing device; the axial output port of the magnetron resonant cavity structure is connected with the axial output structure; and the additional magnetic field system is respectively arranged in the peripheral spatial regions of the input structure of the magnetron resonant cavity structure, a tuning mechanism and the axial output structure respectively. According to the frequency-tunable axial output relativistic magnetron, the tuning device is designed, so that microwave frequency is tunable; the vacuum sealing device is designed, so that damages to the internal vacuum environment of the magnetron are restrained due to the introduction of the tuning mechanism; the additional magnetic field system is designed, so that the entire system becomes more compact, and the size is reduced; and the axial output structure is designed, so that axial output of microwaves can be realized during frequency tuning of the magnetron.

Description

Frequency-tunable is axially exported relativistic magnetron
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of relativistic magnetron that can realize to realize when microwave frequency is tuning micro axial output.
Background technology
The authoritative sources James Benford in U.S. High-Power Microwave field is from the High Power Microwave System angle of development of practical type, and pointed out four developing direction of following high-power microwave source: (1) reduces system dimension and weight comprehensively, improves the power consumption ratio; (2) high repetition frequency work; (3) frequency-tunable; (4) long-life.In order to satisfy the development and application demand of following high-power microwave source, develop practical high-power microwave source, have simple in structure, the efficient height, frequency adjustable, the relativistic magnetron that is fit to characteristics such as long pulse and high repetition frequency operation has become one of object of the extensive researchs of people.In the development of high-power microwave source, the tunability of relativistic magnetron has been subjected to extensive concern and high evaluation, is considered to a spotlight.
(1) state of development of frequency-tunable relativistic magnetron
1996, U.S. PI company proposed tuning scheme, and they have developed the tunable relativistic magnetron of L-band and S-band, at L-band, and frequency centered by 1.21 GHz, tuning range reaches 23.9%, and gross output is greater than 400 MW; In S-band, frequency centered by 2.82 GHz, tuning range reaches 33.4%, and gross output is greater than 500 MW.Power is radially exported from two resonant cavity backs, and adopts the pulse train working forms, and repetition can reach 100 Hz, duration 10 s, and three tunable relativistic magnetrons can cover 1 ~ 3 ghz band fully.How to realize tuning process, document [J. S. Levine, B. D. Harteneck, H. D. Price. Frequency agile relativistic magnetrons [C]. Proc. SPIE, 1995,2557:74-79.] in do not see introduction.
2005, China Electronics's University of Science and Technology Lee's daybreak is from existing experiment condition, the tunable basic scheme of radially exporting relativistic magnetron is proposed, and under the rising-sun magnetron guide of theory, utilize radio-frequency field structure analysis software HFSS that it is optimized, by measures such as rational adjustment cavity resonator structure and open anode end caps, designed the S-band relativistic magnetron that tuning range reaches 900 MHz [Li Tianming. the theoretical and experimental study of relativistic magnetron [D]. Chengdu: University of Electronic Science and Technology, 2005.].Based on this, system design with processed a tunable relativistic magnetron, and respectively at high Q value, low reactance-resistance ratio and have under cathode cap, the no cathode cap and carried out experimental study.Experimental result shows that the relativistic magnetron of developing has 20% tuning bandwidth, surpasses the power output of 1 GW.
Though the radially output relativistic magnetron of having reported at present can be realized frequency tuning, it still has many deficiencies at aspects such as output characteristic, densification and miniaturizations.Be by adopting special construction in magnetron end and axially export relativistic magnetron, thereby realize directly axially extracting of microwave.With radially export relativistic magnetron and compare, it is compacter that axial output relativistic magnetron has structure, be conducive to directly axially radiation of High-Power Microwave, characteristics such as the externally-applied magnetic field system is compacter are thought to be expected to become the compactest arrowband high-power microwave source by U.S. High-Power Microwave field well-known expert Schamiloglu and Fuks.
(2) axially export the state of development of relativistic magnetron
2007, people such as Japan Changgong Daimon of technology university have proposed a kind of follow-on axial output relativistic magnetron structure [M. Daimon on the research basis people such as Schamiloglu, W. Jiang. Modified configuration of relativistic magnetron with diffraction output for efficiency improvement [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett, 2007,91 (19): 191503.].By in the Microwave Extraction structure, increasing an angle variables Ф again 0, make output microwave power efficient obtain significantly promoting.Simulation has obtained the result of output microwave power efficient 37%.From having verified also that experimentally improved structure is conducive to the raising of power output [M. Daimon, K. Itoh, W. Jiang. Experimental demonstration of relativistic magnetron with modified output configuration [J]. Appl. Phys. Lett., 2008,92 (19): 191504.].
2011, the Chinese Li Wei of the National University of Defense technology was at axial output relativistic magnetron radiation TE 11Poor, the inefficient situation of mode effects proposes a kind ofly by insert the heavy duty detergent structure of the changeover portion with certain size structure in symmetrical subtended angle groove, has both realized TE preferably 11The microwave radiation of pattern has improved power efficiency again, and particle simulation is most effective to reach 43%.On this basis, also by add at resonant cavity dielectric carried out frequency tuning research under π pattern and 2 π patterns [Li Wei. diffraction output relativistic magnetron and correlation technique research [D] thereof. Changsha: the National University of Defense Technology, 2011.].
At present, though the research work to axial output relativistic magnetron has improved power conversion efficiency in the world, realized the conversion between pattern, and made device densification, miniaturization, but it is comparatively rare axially to export the report of relativistic magnetron about frequency-tunable.Therefore, the research of axially exporting relativistic magnetron for frequency-tunable has significant values.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is radially to export there are many deficiencies in relativistic magnetron at aspects such as output characteristic, densification and miniaturizations problem at existing frequency-tunable, there are problems such as big application demand with existing axially output relativistic magnetron to realizing the frequency tuning aspect, a kind of novel relativistic magnetron is provided, this magnetron is by the design of tuner, the design of vacuum sealing device, the design of externally-applied magnetic field system and the axially design of export structure can realize the axial output of frequency tuning and the microwave of microwave simultaneously.
The technical solution adopted for the present invention to solve the technical problems is:
Frequency-tunable of the present invention is axially exported relativistic magnetron and is comprised magnetron input structure, magnetron cavity structure, tuner, vacuum sealing device, externally-applied magnetic field system and axial export structure.Be provided with tuner in the described magnetron cavity structure, tuner is sealed by vacuum sealing device, the magnetron input structure connects the axial input port of magnetron cavity structure, the axial output port of magnetron cavity structure connects axial export structure, and the externally-applied magnetic field system is installed in the peripheral space zone of input structure, cavity resonator structure and the axial export structure of magnetron respectively.
Described tuner mainly comprises mechanical tuning device and fixed mechanism, and mechanical tuning device comprises the tuning slide block of rectangle, tuning slide bar; Fixed mechanism comprises anode stationary magazine creel, hold-down screw, fixed dam.Chamber in the magnetron cavity structure (rising sun type cavity resonator structure is loculus) bottom is made of the tuning slide block of rectangle, vertical the linking to each other of an end of tuning slide block and tuning slide bar, formation mechanical tuning device.The other end of tuning slide bar extends radially out the anode stationary magazine creel, the slip of its radial direction is determined by the hold-down screw that is positioned at the outer fixed mechanism of anode stationary magazine creel and fixed dam that with fixing the fixing position of its radial direction can be read by the graduated scale on the tuning slide bar.Wherein, hold-down screw and fixed dam lay respectively at tuning slide bar both sides in the axial direction.
Described vacuum sealing device mainly comprises tuning platform and vacuum sealed cover.On the tuning platform of tuner outside, be provided with 2 horizontal draw-in grooves and 2 vertical draw-in grooves.On the vacuum sealed cover actinal surface, be provided with 2 transverse card and 2 vertical cards that have breach.Wherein, the inner edge spacing of 2 horizontal draw-in grooves is just greater than the inner edge spacing of 2 transverse card, and the inner edge spacing of 2 vertical draw-in grooves is just greater than the outside spacing of 2 vertical cards, and with breach and draw-in groove, formation is mated mutually between card and the draw-in groove.In addition, the bottom of vacuum sealed cover attaches rubber seal.For improving the vacuum seal effect of vacuum sealed cover, can take following measure: on the one hand, in the scope that vacuum sealed cover covers on tuning platform, tuning platform or mechanical tuning device are carried out the perforate processing, increase the connected region of vacuum sealed cover inner space and magnetron inner space; On the other hand, reduce vacuum sealed cover to the own wt of the area of effective coverage of tuning platform or minimizing vacuum sealed cover.
Described externally-applied magnetic field system mainly comprises solenoid.Peripheral space zone at magnetron input structure, cavity resonator structure and axial export structure loads one group of solenoid respectively, is expressed as solenoid I, solenoid II and solenoid III.Wherein, all near the cavity resonator structure of magnetron, solenoid II is positioned at the central region of magnetron cavity structure for solenoid I and solenoid III.Three groups of solenoids can trigger synchronously, and the axial magnetic field direction unanimity that produces in the relativistic magnetron interaction region.
Described axial export structure mainly comprises anode changeover portion resonant cavity changeover portion (changeover portion of rising sun type cavity resonator structure comprises big chamber changeover portion and loculus changeover portion).Similar with the axial export structure of traditional relativistic magnetron, the anode changeover portion is gradient to output port with inclined angle alpha; Big chamber changeover portion is gradient to output port with angle of inclination beta; And the loculus changeover portion is to be gradient to output port more than or equal to the radius size of big chamber changeover portion with inclination angle γ.Wherein, inclined angle alpha, β and γ can utilize particle simulation software to be optimized design.
Adopt the present invention can reach following technique effect:
Frequency-tunable is axially exported relativistic magnetron makes microwave frequency tunable by the design tuner, the design vacuum sealing device makes the introducing of mechanical tuning device be inhibited to magnetron inner vacuum environment damage, design externally-applied magnetic field system makes and designs whole system densification and miniaturization more axial export structure and make magnetron can realize the axial output of microwave in frequency tuning.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 axially exports the overall schematic of relativistic magnetron about frequency-tunable for the present invention;
Fig. 2-Fig. 5 is the design drawing of tuner;
Fig. 6-Figure 11 is the design drawing of vacuum sealing device;
Figure 12 is the design drawing of externally-applied magnetic field system;
Figure 13-Figure 16 be axial export structure design as figure.
Embodiment
Frequency-tunable of the present invention is axially exported relativistic magnetron and is comprised magnetron input structure, magnetron cavity structure, tuner, vacuum sealing device, externally-applied magnetic field system and axial export structure.As shown in Figure 1, be provided with tuner in the magnetron cavity structure 2, tuner is sealed by vacuum sealing device, magnetron input structure 1 connects the axial input port of magnetron cavity structure 2, the axial output port of magnetron cavity structure 2 connects axial export structure 3, and the externally-applied magnetic field system is installed in the peripheral space zone of input structure 1, cavity resonator structure 2 and the axial export structure 3 of magnetron respectively.
The design of tuner such as Fig. 2-shown in Figure 5.Wherein, 4 is negative electrode, and 5 is anode, and 6 is mechanical tuning device, comprises the tuning slide block of rectangle and tuning slide bar, and 7 is the anode stationary magazine creel, and 8 is tuning platform, and 9 is hold-down screw, and 10 is fixed dam, and 11 is graduated scale.
Chamber in the magnetron cavity structure 2 (rising sun type cavity resonator structure is loculus) bottom is made of the tuning slide block of rectangle, vertical the linking to each other of an end of tuning slide block and tuning slide bar, formation mechanical tuning device 6.The other end of tuning slide bar extends radially out anode stationary magazine creel 7, the slip of its radial direction determines that by the hold-down screw 9 that is positioned at the fixed mechanism outside the anode stationary magazine creel 7 and fixed dam 10 the fixing position of its radial direction can be read by the graduated scale 11 on the tuning slide bar with fixing.Wherein, hold-down screw 9 and fixed dam 10 lay respectively at tuning slide bar both sides in the axial direction.
By above design, when magnetron carries out frequency tuning, only need unscrew hold-down screw, the tuning slide bar of mechanical tuning device is pulled outwardly or pushes inward, indicate according to ruler, transfer to preposition, tighten hold-down screw again, mechanical tuning device is fixed, so just changed cavity resonator structure, can realize frequency tuning.
The design of vacuum sealing device such as Fig. 6-shown in Figure 11.Wherein, 6 is mechanical tuning device, and 8 is tuning platform, and 9 is hold-down screw, and 10 is fixed dam, and 12 is horizontal draw-in groove, and 13 is vertical draw-in groove, and 14 is vacuum sealed cover, and 15 for having the transverse card of breach, and 16 is vertical card, and 17 is rubber seal.
On the tuning platform 8 of tuner outside, design 2 horizontal draw-in grooves 12 and 2 vertical draw-in grooves 13.On vacuum sealed cover 14 actinal surfaces, design 2 transverse card 15 and 2 vertical cards 16 that have breach.Wherein, the inner edge spacing of 2 horizontal draw-in grooves 12 is just greater than the inner edge spacing of 2 transverse card 15, and the inner edge spacing of 2 vertical draw-in grooves 13 is just greater than the outside spacing of 2 vertical cards 16, and with breach and draw-in groove, formation is mated mutually between card and the draw-in groove.In addition, the bottom of vacuum sealed cover 14 attaches rubber seal 17.
By above design, the assembling process of vacuum sealed cover is: after tuning slide bar fixes the position, 2 transverse card breach of vacuum sealed cover radially can be aimed at 2 horizontal draw-in grooves on the tuning platform, and vacuum sealed cover is put into tuning platform.Then, (being the axial direction of whole magnetron) mobile vacuum sealed cover along the longitudinal direction, 1 the vertical draw-in groove that 1 vertical card of vacuum sealed cover is inserted tuning platform gets final product.After 5 vacuum sealed covers assemble 5 tuning platforms by this method, when the unlatching vacuum pump vacuumizes magnetron, the inside and outside pressure difference of vacuum sealed cover makes the bottom attach has the vacuum sealed cover of rubber seal to be close to tuning platform, make and the inside and outside isolation of vacuum sealed cover can realize the vacuum seal effect.
In order to increase vacuum sealed cover to the pressure of tuning platform, strengthen the sealing between vacuum sealed cover and the tuning platform, improve the vacuum seal effect, need by further design.On the one hand, can be on tuning platform in the scope that covers of vacuum sealed cover, tuning platform or mechanical tuning device are carried out perforate handle, increase the connected region of vacuum sealed cover inner space and magnetron inner space.On the other hand, but the moderate reduction vacuum sealed cover to the area of effective coverage of tuning platform or reduce the own wt of vacuum sealed cover.
The design of externally-applied magnetic field system as shown in figure 12.At the existing structure of above relativistic magnetron and to adding field system produces even axial magnetic field in the resonant cavity axial length range requirement, in the input structure 1 of magnetron, cavity resonator structure 2 and the axial peripheral space zone of export structure 3, load one group of solenoid respectively, be expressed as solenoid I18, solenoid II19 and solenoid III20.Wherein, all near the cavity resonator structure 2 of magnetron, solenoid II19 is positioned at the central region of magnetron cavity structure 2 for solenoid I18 and solenoid III20.Three groups of solenoids can trigger synchronously, and the axial magnetic field direction unanimity that produces in the relativistic magnetron interaction region.Emulation proves that this externally-applied magnetic field system can meet the demands substantially by above design.
The design of axial export structure such as Figure 13-shown in Figure 16.Similar with the axial export structure of traditional relativistic magnetron, the anode changeover portion is gradient to output port with inclined angle alpha; Big chamber changeover portion is gradient to output port with angle of inclination beta; And the loculus changeover portion is to be gradient to output port more than or equal to the radius size of big chamber changeover portion with inclination angle γ.Wherein, inclined angle alpha, β and γ can utilize particle simulation software to be optimized design.
By above design, the mode that both can take to regulate the loculus radius realizes the frequency tuning of microwave, can realize the axial output of microwave again.

Claims (7)

1. frequency-tunable is axially exported relativistic magnetron, comprise the magnetron input structure, the magnetron cavity structure, tuner, vacuum sealing device, externally-applied magnetic field system and axial export structure, it is characterized in that, be provided with tuner in the described magnetron cavity structure, tuner is sealed by vacuum sealing device, the magnetron input structure connects the axial input port of magnetron cavity structure, the axial output port of magnetron cavity structure connects axial export structure, and the externally-applied magnetic field system is installed in the input structure of magnetron respectively, the peripheral space zone of cavity resonator structure and axial export structure;
Described tuner comprises mechanical tuning device and fixed mechanism, and mechanical tuning device comprises the tuning slide block of rectangle, tuning slide bar; Fixed mechanism comprises anode stationary magazine creel, hold-down screw, fixed dam; Bottom, chamber in the magnetron cavity structure is made of the tuning slide block of rectangle, vertical the linking to each other of one end of tuning slide block and tuning slide bar, the other end of tuning slide bar extends radially out the anode stationary magazine creel, the slip of tuning slide bar radial direction is determined by the hold-down screw that is positioned at the outer fixed mechanism of anode stationary magazine creel and fixed dam that with fixing the fixing position of tuning slide bar radial direction can be read by the graduated scale on the tuning slide bar;
Described vacuum sealing device, mainly comprise tuning platform and vacuum sealed cover, on the tuning platform of tuner outside, be provided with 2 horizontal draw-in grooves and 2 vertical draw-in grooves, on the vacuum sealed cover actinal surface, be provided with 2 transverse card and 2 vertical cards that have breach, the inner edge spacing of 2 horizontal draw-in grooves is just greater than the inner edge spacing of 2 transverse card, the inner edge spacing of 2 vertical draw-in grooves is just greater than the outside spacing of 2 vertical cards, and breach and draw-in groove form coupling mutually between card and the draw-in groove;
Described externally-applied magnetic field system, comprise solenoid, peripheral space zone at magnetron input structure, mechanical tuning device and axial export structure, load solenoid I, solenoid II and solenoid III respectively, all near the mechanical tuning device of magnetron, solenoid II is positioned at the central region of magnetron cavity structure for solenoid I and solenoid III.
2. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that, described hold-down screw and fixed dam lay respectively at tuning slide bar both sides in the axial direction.
3. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that, the bottom of described vacuum sealed cover is provided with rubber seal.
4. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that, described solenoid I, solenoid II and solenoid III can trigger synchronously, and the axial magnetic field direction unanimity that produces in the relativistic magnetron interaction region.
5. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that described axial export structure comprises anode changeover portion resonant cavity changeover portion, described resonant cavity changeover portion comprises big chamber changeover portion and loculus changeover portion, and the anode changeover portion is with the inclination angle αBe gradient to output port; Big chamber changeover portion is with the inclination angle βBe gradient to output port; And the loculus changeover portion is with more than or equal to the radius size of big chamber changeover portion with the inclination angle γBe gradient to output port, the inclination angle α, βWith γUtilize particle simulation software to be optimized.
6. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that, the assembling process of described vacuum sealed cover is: after tuning slide bar fixes the position, 2 transverse card breach of vacuum sealed cover are radially aimed at 2 horizontal draw-in grooves on the tuning platform, and vacuum sealed cover put into tuning platform, then, move vacuum sealed cover along the axial direction of whole magnetron, 1 vertical card of vacuum sealed cover is inserted 1 vertical draw-in groove of tuning platform.
7. frequency-tunable according to claim 1 is axially exported relativistic magnetron, it is characterized in that, for improving the vacuum seal effect of vacuum sealed cover, can take following measure:
On the one hand, in the scope that vacuum sealed cover covers on tuning platform, tuning platform or mechanical tuning device are carried out the perforate processing, increase the connected region of vacuum sealed cover inner space and magnetron inner space;
On the other hand, reduce vacuum sealed cover to the own wt of the area of effective coverage of tuning platform or minimizing vacuum sealed cover.
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CN104183445A (en) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact relativistic magnetron with TE10 output mode
CN104465276A (en) * 2014-12-08 2015-03-25 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact relativistic magnetron with axially output TE11 mode
CN105428191A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-23 电子科技大学 Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode
CN105869973A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-17 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact type magnetron capable of axially outputting circularly polarized TE11 coaxial waveguide mode
CN110379691A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-10-25 电子科技大学 A kind of compact high efficient rate axial direction output TE51Mode relativistic magnetron
CN111524770A (en) * 2020-04-23 2020-08-11 电子科技大学 Relativistic magnetron output structure with omnidirectional radiation capability
CN111900066A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 清华大学 Magnetron
CN116053745A (en) * 2022-12-21 2023-05-02 中国人民解放军63660部队 Energy storage resonant cavity tuning structure of SLED pulse compression system

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CN104183445B (en) * 2014-09-05 2016-08-24 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 A kind of compact relativistic magnetron with TE10 output mode
CN104183445A (en) * 2014-09-05 2014-12-03 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact relativistic magnetron with TE10 output mode
CN104465276A (en) * 2014-12-08 2015-03-25 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact relativistic magnetron with axially output TE11 mode
CN104465276B (en) * 2014-12-08 2016-08-24 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern
CN105428191A (en) * 2015-12-21 2016-03-23 电子科技大学 Relativistic magnetron for realizing frequency hopping operation by utilizing transparent negative electrode
CN105869973B (en) * 2016-05-11 2017-06-16 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Axially export the compact magnetron of circular polarisation TE11 coaxial waveguide patterns
CN105869973A (en) * 2016-05-11 2016-08-17 中国人民解放军国防科学技术大学 Compact type magnetron capable of axially outputting circularly polarized TE11 coaxial waveguide mode
CN110379691A (en) * 2019-04-29 2019-10-25 电子科技大学 A kind of compact high efficient rate axial direction output TE51Mode relativistic magnetron
CN111524770A (en) * 2020-04-23 2020-08-11 电子科技大学 Relativistic magnetron output structure with omnidirectional radiation capability
CN111524770B (en) * 2020-04-23 2021-07-06 电子科技大学 Relativistic magnetron output structure with omnidirectional radiation capability
CN111900066A (en) * 2020-07-15 2020-11-06 清华大学 Magnetron
CN111900066B (en) * 2020-07-15 2024-06-04 清华大学 Magnetron with a magnetron body having a plurality of magnetron electrodes
CN116053745A (en) * 2022-12-21 2023-05-02 中国人民解放军63660部队 Energy storage resonant cavity tuning structure of SLED pulse compression system
CN116053745B (en) * 2022-12-21 2024-04-19 中国人民解放军63660部队 Energy storage resonant cavity tuning structure of SLED pulse compression system

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