CN104465276B - Compact axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave sources in high-power microwave technology, and specifically relates to a relativistic magnetron with a circular TE11 output mode that can make the axial output microwave mode more pure and the whole system more compact. In view of the problem that the current axial output relativistic magnetron needs a more pure single output mode, and the existing axial output relativistic magnetron is difficult to meet the needs of compactness and miniaturization, a new type of relativistic magnetron is proposed. The magnetron consists of a coaxial input structure, a resonant cavity structure, an axial output transition section, a circular output waveguide and an external magnetic field system. Through the improvement of the anode structure of the magnetron, the design of the axial output transition section , the design of the rectangular output waveguide and the design of the external magnetic field system can not only directly output the purer circular TE11 mode microwave in the axial direction, but also make the whole system more compact and miniaturized.

Description

Compact Relativistic Magnetron with Axial Output TE11 Mode

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microwave sources in high-power microwave technology, and specifically relates to a relativistic magnetron with a circular TE11 output mode that can make the axial output microwave mode more pure and the whole system more compact.

Background technique

From the perspective of developing a practical high-power microwave system, James Benford, an authoritative person in the field of high-power microwave in the United States, pointed out four development directions of high-power microwave sources in the future: (1) Comprehensively reduce the size and weight of the system and increase the power consumption ratio ; (2) high repetition frequency work; (3) frequency can be tuned; (4) long life. In order to meet the development and application requirements of high-power microwave sources in the future, a practical high-power microwave source has been developed. The relativistic magnetron with the characteristics of simple structure, high efficiency, adjustable frequency, and suitable for long pulse and high repetition frequency operation has become One of the objects of extensive and in-depth research. Compared with the radial output relativistic magnetron, the axial output relativistic magnetron with a more compact structure has greater advantages in reducing the overall size and weight of the system, so it has become a hot spot in recent research.

1 Development status of axial output relativistic magnetron

In 2006, Professor M.I. Fuks of the University of New Mexico in the United States and others adjusted the number of angular groove structures of the transition from the axial output port of the A6 magnetron to the conical output horn to 2, 3 and 6, and simulated different magnetrons. Axial output for radiation modes TE11, TE01 and TE31. Under the working conditions of 700kV and 0.6T, the magnetron works in π mode, the working current is about 10kA, the working frequency is 2.18GHz, and the output power is about 600MW [M.I.Fuks, N.F.Kovalev, A.D.Andreev, and E.Schamiloglu .Mode conversion in a magnetron with axial extraction of radiation[J].IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.,vol.34,no.3,p.620,Jun.2006.].

In 2007, M.Daimon et al. from Nagaoka University of Technology in Japan proposed an improved axial output relativistic magnetron based on the research of E.Schamiloglu et al. [M.Daimon, W.Jiang.Modified configuration of relativistic magnetron with diffraction output forefficiency improvement[J].Appl.Phys.Lett,2007,91(19):191503.]. By adding an angle variable Ф ₀ to the transition structure of the axial output of the magnetron, the power conversion efficiency of the magnetron is greatly improved. The simulation shows that the operating frequency is 2.5GHz, the output power is 1.05GW, and the power conversion efficiency is 37 %, the radiation pattern is the result of TE31. In 2008, they also verified experimentally that the improved structure is beneficial to the increase of output power [M.Daimon, K.Itoh, W.Jiang.Experimental demonstration of relativistic magnetron with modified output configuration[J].Appl.Phys.Lett. , 2008, 92(19): 191504.].

In 2009, Dr. Li Wei of China's National University of Defense Technology and others proposed a structure with a certain size inserted in the symmetrical angular slot of the axial output structure in view of the poor effect and low efficiency of the axial output relativistic magnetron radiation TE11 mode. The high-efficiency structure of the transition section not only better realizes the microwave radiation of TE11 mode, but also improves the power efficiency. In the particle simulation, the operating frequency is 2.36GHz, the output power is 4.2GW, and the efficiency reaches up to 43% [W.Li and Y.-G.Liu.A efficient mode conversion configuration in relativistic magnetron with axial diffraction output[J].J.Appl.Phys.,vol.106,no.5,pp.053303–055305,Sep.2009.]. In 2013, they also verified experimentally that the high-efficiency structure is conducive to the improvement of output characteristics [Wei Li, Yong-guiLiu, Jun Zhang, Di-fu Shi, and Wei-qi Zhang. Experimental investigations on therelations between configurations and radiation patterns of a relativistic magnetron with diffraction output[J].J.Appl.Phys.,vol.113,no.2,pp.023304-1–023304-4,Jan.2013.].

Although the reported axial output relativistic magnetrons have greatly improved the output mode characteristics and power conversion efficiency, the overall system structure is still insufficient in terms of compactness and miniaturization.

2 Development status of compact relativistic magnetron

In 2011, Dr. Li Wei of China National University of Defense Technology and others proposed an improved external magnetic field structure [W.Li and Y. G.Liu.Modified magnetic field distribution in relativistic magneton withdiffraction output for compact operation[J].Phys.Plasmas,vol.18,no.2,pp.023103-1–023103-4,Feb.2011.]. The magnetic field structure loads a group of solenoids whose axial magnetic field is opposite to the axial magnetic field of the magnetron interaction area on the front end of the output circular waveguide, so that the axial drift electron beam hits the axial output structure faster, not only The power conversion efficiency is improved, and the axial dimension of the axial output structure is reduced. In 2012, they experimentally verified the effect of the external magnetic field structure on improving efficiency and reducing structure size [Wei Li, Yong-guiLiu, Ting Shu, Han-wu Yang, Yu-wei Fan, Cheng-wei Yuan, and Jun Zhang. Experimental demonstration of a compact high efficient relativistic magnetron with directly axial radiation [J]. Phys.Plasmas, vol.19, no.1, pp.013105-1–013105-4, Jan.2012.].

In 2012, Dr. C. Leach and others from the University of New Mexico in the United States directly connected an output circular waveguide with the same radial size as the magnetron to the axial output port of the magnetron, and studied the different numbers of output cavities in the magnetron. The influence of characteristics. Particle simulations show that the new axial output structure makes the whole system structure more compact and miniaturized in the axial and radial directions, so that the axial electron beam drift distance is shorter, the external magnetic field system is more compact, and the output mode TE11 is purer. The unoptimized structure of the magnetron has a working frequency of 2.44GHz, an output power of 520MW, and a power conversion efficiency of about 14% [C. Leach, S. Prasad, M. Fuks, and E. Schamiloglu. Compact relativistic magnetron with Gaussian radiation pattern[J].IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.,vol.40,no.11,pp.3116–3120,Nov.2012.].

In 2012, Brad W.Hoff et al. of the Air Force Research Laboratory in New Mexico, USA proposed a relativistic magnetron with a full-cavity extraction structure. The extraction structure uses radial coupling holes and fan-shaped waveguide coupling output, and the structure is more compact [BradW.Hoff ,Andrew D.Greenwood,Peter J.Mardahl,and Michael D.Haworth.All Cavity-Magnetron Axial Extraction Technique[J].IEEE Trans.Plasma Sci.,vol.40,no.11,pp.3046–3051,Nov .2012.]. In 2014, Yang Yulin and others from the Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics in Beijing, China combined the transparent cathode technology on this basis to study a transparent cathode relativistic magnetron with a full-cavity extraction structure. Using particle simulation at 1.375GHz, the power output of TEM mode is 2.98GW, and the efficiency reaches 54%. Volume 30 (Supplement): 402-404].

At present, although the research work on the axial output relativistic magnetron in the world has made great progress in realizing different output modes, improving power conversion efficiency, reducing system size and weight, and improving the purity of output modes, but about the simultaneous The reports on axial output relativistic magnetrons that can make the output mode more pure, the whole system more compact, and have higher power conversion efficiency are relatively rare. Therefore, the research on relativistic magnetrons with the above characteristics at the same time is of great value.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is aimed at the problem that the current axial output relativistic magnetron needs a more pure single output mode, and the problem that the existing axial output relativistic magnetron is difficult to meet the needs of compactness, miniaturization, etc. , a new type of relativistic magnetron is proposed. Through the improvement of the magnetron anode structure, the design of the axial output transition section, the design of the circular output waveguide and the design of the external magnetic field system, the magnetron can not only directly To output relatively pure circular TE11 mode microwave, and can make the whole system more compact and miniaturized.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

The relativistic magnetron with compact axial output TE11 mode is composed of coaxial input structure, resonant cavity structure, axial output transition section, circular output waveguide and external magnetic field system. For the convenience of description, the Z-axis direction in FIG. 1 is defined as the axial direction, and the R-axis direction is defined as the radial direction. The coaxial input structure is axially connected to the resonant cavity structure, the resonant cavity structure is axially connected to the axial output transition section, and the axial output transition section is axially connected to the circular output waveguide, and the external magnetic field system is installed on the coaxial input structure, the resonant cavity structure and the The outer cylindrical space area of the axial output transition section, and their axial centerlines are all coincident.

The coaxial input structure is composed of a coaxial outer cylinder and a cathode connecting rod. The cathode connecting rod coincides with the axial centerline of the coaxial outer cylinder. The inner diameter of the coaxial outer cylinder is R _oi , the outer diameter is R _o , the radius of the cathode connecting rod is R _i , and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _i <R _oi <R _o .

The resonant cavity structure consists of a typical magnetron resonant cavity structure with 2 (2N+1) cavities (wherein N=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 are all available) and an improved structure of the anode block in the magnetron composition. The typical magnetron resonant cavity structure with 2 (2N+1) cavities is composed of a magnetron outer cylinder, an anode and a cathode. The outer cylinder of the magnetron is axially externally connected to the end of the coaxial input structure, its inner diameter is R _v , the outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter R _o of the coaxial outer cylinder, and the axial length is H _o . The anode is composed of 2 ( _{2N +} 1) anode blocks periodically distributed along the inner wall of the magnetron outer cylinder in the angular direction. The barrel ends are flush. The cavities between the anode blocks form resonant cavities, and the angular width of each resonant cavity is θ. The cathode is axially fixed at the end of the cathode connecting rod in the coaxial input structure, located on the axial centerline of the outer cylinder of the magnetron, with a radius of R _c and an axial length of H _c . The improved structure of the anode block in the magnetron is a groove or protrusion structure on the smooth inner surface of each anode block. Wherein, the grooves or protrusions are alternately distributed on the inner surface of each anode block angularly along the circumference of the magnetron, and the angular centerlines of the grooves or protrusions coincide with the angular centerlines of the anode blocks where they are located. The radial depth of the groove is ΔR _r , the angular width is θ _r , the radial depth of each protrusion is ΔR _p , and the angular width is θ _p , and the axial length of the groove or protrusion is the same as that of the anode The axial length H _a of the block is equal, and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _c <R _a <R _v <R _o , 0<ΔR _r <R _v -R _a , 0<ΔR _p <R _a -R _c , 0<θ _r <180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<θ _p <180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<H _a <H _o , H _o -H _a < H _c .

The axial output transition section is composed of the front section of the axial output transition section and the rear section of the axial output transition section, wherein the axial length of the front section of the axial output transition section is H _c1 , and the axial length of the rear section of the axial output transition section is The length is H _c2 . The cross section dividing the front section of the axial output transition section and the rear section of the axial output transition section is the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section. For the convenience of description, the structure inside the outer cylinder of the axial output transition section will be described below by describing the vacuum portion of the axial output transition section.

The front section of the axial output transition section is composed of the outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section and the structure inside the outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section. The outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section is formed by the torus of the end port of the magnetron outer cylinder (the inner diameter of the torus is R _v , the outer diameter is R _o ), and the axial output transition section is bounded on the cross section The torus (the inner diameter of the torus is R _v1 , and the outer diameter is R _o1 ) is formed by a linear gradient transition segment. The structure inside the outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section, the vacuum part is composed of the front section of the axial transition section of the interaction zone, the front section of the axial transition section of the individual output chamber and the front section of the axial transition section of the synthetic output chamber. In the front section of the axial transition section of the interaction zone, the circular surface (circle surface radius R _a ) of the port cross-section of the interaction zone of the magnetron and the circular surface on the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section (circle surface radius It is composed of a linear gradient transition segment formed between R _a1 ). A set of two resonant cavities facing each other in the magnetron is selected, named as the single output cavity, and the other resonant cavities are named as the synthesized output cavity. The front section of the axial transition section of the separate output chamber is composed of a separate rectangular-like surface on the boundary cross-section of the port cross-section of the separate output chamber and the axial output transition section (the length of the short side of the rectangular-like surface is W _one1 , and the axial center The distance between the lines is R _one1 , and the length of the long side is R _v1 -R _one1 ). The front section of the axial transition section of the synthesis output cavity is composed of the basic part of the front section of the axial transition section of the synthesis output cavity minus the axial transition section of the anode block. The basic part of the front section of the axial transition section of the synthesis output chamber is composed of the port cross-sections of two adjacent synthesis output chambers plus the anode block port cross-section between the two adjacent synthesis output chambers, and the axial Output the linear gradient transition formed between the synthetic rectangular surfaces on the boundary cross section of the transition section (the length of the short side of the rectangular surface is W _two1 , the distance from the axial centerline is R _two1 , and the length of the long side is R _v1 -R _two1 ) segment composition. The axial transition section of the anode block is composed of the outer section of the anode block axial transition section, the inner front section of the anode block axial transition section and the inner rear section of the anode block axial transition section. Divide the cross section of the anode block port between two adjacent synthetic output cavities into two parts with the arc of radius R _cut as the boundary, the part with a radius greater than R _cut is named as the outside of the anode block port cross section, and the part with a radius smaller than R _cut The section named inside of the anode block port cross-section. The outside of the axial transition section of the anode block transitions linearly from the outside of the anode block port cross section along the axial direction to a quasi-rectangular cross-section with an axial distance of H _board (the length of the short side of the quasi-rectangular cross-section is W _board , and The distance between the axial centerlines is R _board , and the length of the long side is R _v + (R _v1 -R _v )*H _board /H _c1 -R _board ). The inner front section of the axial transition section of the anode block transitions from the inner cross section of the anode block port along the axial direction to a trapezoidal cross section with an axial distance of H _board (the bottom of the trapezoidal cross section is a rectangular cross section The short side, the side length is W _board , the bottom is an arc with a radius R _stick1 and an angular width θ _stick1 ). The inner rear section of the axial transition section of the anode block is transformed from the trapezoidal cross section linearly in the axial direction to a semicircular cross section with an axial distance of H _stick (the base of the semicircular cross section has a radius of R _stick2 , an arc with an angular width of θ _stick2 , and a semicircular cross section with a radius of R _stick2 *sin(θ _stick2 /2)), the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _a <R _cut < R _v <R _o , 0≤R _{one1 ≤R a1} , 0≤R _{two1 ≤R a1} , 0<R _a1 <R _v1 <R _o1 , 0<R _{stick1 ≤R board} <R _v +(R _v1 -R _v )*H _board /H _c1 , 0<R _stick2 <R _stick2 +R _stick2 *sin(θ _stick2 /2)<R _v1 , 0<θ _stick1 ≤180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<θ _stick2 ≤180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<W _one1 <2*R _v1 , 0<W _two1 <2*R _v1 , 0<H _board +H _stick <H _c1 .

The rear section of the axial output transition section is composed of the outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section and the structure inside the outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section. The outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section is formed by the torus on the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section and the torus on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section (the torus of the torus) The inner diameter is R _v2 , the outer diameter is R _o2 ) formed by a linear gradient transition section. The structure inside the outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section, the vacuum part is composed of the rear section of the axial transition section of the interaction zone, the rear section of the axial transition section of the individual output cavity, and the rear section of the axial transition section of the synthetic output cavity. The rear section of the axial transition section of the interaction zone, the circular surface on the cross section of the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section and the circular surface on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section (the radius of the circular surface is R _v2 ) formed between linear gradient transition segments. The rear section of the axial transition section of the separate output chamber is composed of a separate quasi-rectangular surface on the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section and a separate quasi-rectangular surface (quasi-rectangular surface) on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section. The length of the short side of the surface is W _one2 , the distance from the axial center line is R _one2 , and the length of the long side is R _v2 -R _one2 ). The rear section of the axial transition section of the synthetic output chamber is composed of the synthetic rectangular surface on the boundary cross section of the axial output transition section and the synthetic rectangular surface (sub-rectangular surface) on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section. The length of the short side of the surface is W _two2 , the distance from the axial center line is R _two2 , and the length of the long side is R _v2 -R _two2 ). The above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0≤R _{one2 ≤R v2} , 0≤R _{two2 ≤R v2} , 0<R _v2 <R _o2 , 0<W _one2 <2*R _v2 , 0<W _two2 <2*R _v2 , 0<H _c2 .

The circular output waveguide is a circular waveguide with an inner diameter R _v2 and an outer diameter R _o2 . The circular output waveguide is axially circumscribed on the cross-section of the end port of the rear section of the axial output transition section, and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _v2 <R _o2 .

The externally applied magnetic field system is composed of two groups of solenoids, and is surrounded by the coaxial input structure, the resonant cavity structure and the peripheral cylindrical space area of the axial output transition section. The two groups of solenoids are respectively located on both sides of the axial center cross-section of the magnetron anode structure, the two groups of solenoids are triggered synchronously, and the magnitude and direction of the axial magnetic field generated in the magnetron interaction zone unanimous.

Adopt the present invention can reach following technical effect:

(1) The improved structure of the design of the anode block makes the microwave start-up time of the magnetron output shorter, the ability to suppress mode competition is stronger, and the power conversion efficiency is higher.

(2) The design of the axial output transition section not only enables the magnetron working in the π mode to directly output relatively pure circular TE11 mode microwaves in the axial direction, but also makes the axial output transition section more compact and compact in the radial and axial directions. Miniaturization reduces the volume and weight of the external magnetic field system, and also makes the axially drifting electrons in the interaction area quickly hit the axial output transition section, reducing the probability of the drifting electrons absorbing the output microwave energy and improving the power conversion efficiency.

(3) The design of the external magnetic field system makes the distribution of the axial magnetic field in the interaction area more uniform, the interaction between the electron beam and the microwave is more sufficient, and the entire magnetron system is more compact and miniaturized.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the overall longitudinal sectional view of the relativistic magnetron of compact axial output TE11 pattern of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the coaxial input structure;

Figure 3 is a composition diagram of the magnetron resonator structure: (a) a perspective view of the magnetron resonator structure, (b) a cross-sectional view of the magnetron resonator structure, (c) a longitudinal view of the magnetron resonator structure Sectional view;

Fig. 4 is a longitudinal sectional view of the front section and the front section of the axial output transition section;

Figure 5 is a composition diagram of the front section of the axial output transition section: (a) a perspective view of the front section of the axial output transition section, (b) a perspective view of the vacuum part of the front section of the axial output transition section, (c) a perspective view of the front section of the axial output transition section Longitudinal sectional view and cross-sectional view of its two ports;

Figure 6 is a composition diagram of the rear section of the axial output transition section: (a) a perspective view of the rear section of the axial output transition section, (b) a perspective view of the vacuum part of the rear section of the axial output transition section, (c) an axial output transition section The longitudinal sectional view of the rear section of the section and the cross-sectional view of its two ports;

Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view of a circular output waveguide;

Fig. 8 is a composition diagram of the external magnetic field system: (a) a perspective view of the external magnetic field system, (b) a longitudinal sectional view of the external magnetic field system.

detailed description

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The relativistic magnetron with compact axial output TE11 mode is shown in Figure 1, which consists of coaxial input structure 1, resonant cavity structure 2, axial output transition section 3, circular output waveguide 4 and external magnetic field system 5. For the convenience of description, the Z-axis direction in FIG. 1 is defined as the axial direction, and the R-axis direction is defined as the radial direction. Coaxial input structure 1 is axially externally connected to resonant cavity structure 2, resonant cavity structure 2 is axially externally connected to axial output transition section 3, axial output transition section 3 is axially externally connected to circular output waveguide 4, and external magnetic field system 5 is installed on the coaxial The peripheral cylindrical space regions of the input structure 1, the resonant cavity structure 2 and the axial output transition section 3, and their axial centerlines are all coincident.

The coaxial input structure 1 is composed of a coaxial outer cylinder 101 and a cathode connecting rod 102 as shown in FIG. 2 . The cathode connecting rod 102 coincides with the axial centerline of the coaxial outer cylinder 101 . The inner diameter of the coaxial outer cylinder 101 is R _oi , the outer diameter is R _o , the radius of the cathode connecting rod 102 is R _i , and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _i <R _oi <R _o .

Described resonant cavity structure 2 is shown in Figure 3, by the typical magnetron resonant cavity structure (wherein N=1,2,3,4,5 all can be) and magnetron with 2 (2N+1) cavities Improved structural composition of the anode block. The typical magnetron resonant cavity structure with 2 (2N+1) cavities is composed of a magnetron outer cylinder 201 , an anode 202 and a cathode 203 . The magnetron outer cylinder 201 is axially externally connected to the end of the coaxial input structure 1 , its inner diameter is R _v , its outer diameter is equal to the outer diameter R _o of the coaxial outer cylinder 101 , and its axial length is H _o . The anode 202 is composed of 2 (2N+1) anode blocks periodically distributed along the circumference of the inner wall of the magnetron outer cylinder, the radius is R _a , the axial length is H _a , and the end surface of the anode 202 is in contact with the magnetron The end surface of the tube outer cylinder 201 is flush. The cavities between the anode blocks constitute resonant cavities 204, each resonant cavity having an angular width θ. The cathode 203 is axially fixed on the end of the cathode connecting rod 102 in the coaxial input structure, located on the axial centerline of the magnetron outer cylinder 201, with a radius R _c and an axial length H _c . The improved structure of the anode block in the magnetron is the groove 205 or protrusion 206 structure on the smooth inner surface of each anode block. Wherein, the grooves or protrusions are alternately distributed on the inner surface of each anode block angularly along the circumference of the magnetron, and the angular centerlines of the grooves or protrusions coincide with the angular centerlines of the anode blocks where they are located. The radial depth of the groove is ΔR _r , the angular width is θ _r , the radial depth of each protrusion is ΔR _p , and the angular width is θ _p , and the axial length of the groove or protrusion is the same as that of the anode The axial length H _a of the block is equal, and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _c <R _a <R _v <R _o , 0<ΔR _r <R _v -R _a , 0<ΔR _p <R _a -R _c , 0<θ _r <180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<θ _p <180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<H _a <H _o , H _o -H _a < H _c .

Through the above design, when the 2(2N+1) cavity magnetron works in the π mode, the phase difference of the electric fields of two adjacent resonant cavities in the magnetron is 180 degrees, so that the electric fields of any two resonant cavities that are angularly opposite The directions are the same, and the electric field directions of the other resonators are symmetrical about the central symmetry plane of the two resonators, thus providing favorable conditions for the magnetron to axially output circular TE11 mode microwaves. By arranging grooves and protrusions on the anode block, the start-up time of the microwave output by the magnetron is shorter, the ability to suppress mode competition is stronger, and the power conversion efficiency is higher.

The axial output transition section 3, as shown in Figure 4, is composed of the front section 3a of the axial output transition section and the rear section 3b of the axial output transition section, wherein the axial length of the front section 3a of the axial output transition section is H _c1 , and the shaft The axial length of the rear section 3b of the output transition section is H _c2 . The cross section dividing the front section of the axial output transition section and the rear section of the axial output transition section is the boundary cross section 3ab of the axial output transition section. For the convenience of description, the structure inside the outer cylinder of the axial output transition section will be described below by describing the vacuum portion of the axial output transition section.

The front section 3a of the axial output transition section, as shown in FIG. 5 , is composed of the outer cylinder 321 of the front section of the axial output transition section and the structure inside the outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section. The outer cylinder 321 in the front section of the axial output transition section is bounded by the torus 319 of the end port of the magnetron outer cylinder 201 (the inner diameter of the torus is R _v , the outer diameter is R _o ), and the axial output transition section The cross-section 3ab is composed of a linear gradient transition section formed between the torus 320 (the inner diameter of the torus is R _v1 , and the outer diameter is R _o1 ). The vacuum part of the structure inside the outer cylinder of the front section of the axial output transition section is composed of the front section 303 of the interaction zone axial transition section, the front section 306 of the axial transition section of the individual output chamber and the front section 318 of the synthetic output chamber axial transition section. The front section 303 of the axial transition section of the interaction zone is formed by the cross-sectional circular surface 301 (the radius of the circular surface is R _a ) of the port of the interaction zone of the magnetron and the circular surface 302 on the boundary cross section 3ab of the axial output transition section (The radius of the circular surface is R _a1 ) formed by a linear gradient transition section. A set of two resonant cavities facing each other in the magnetron is selected, named as the single output cavity, and the other resonant cavities are named as the synthesized output cavity. The front section 306 of the axial transition section of the separate output chamber is formed by the port cross-section 304 of the separate output chamber and the separate quasi-rectangular surface 305 on the boundary cross-section 3ab of the axial output transition section (the length of the short side of the quasi-rectangular surface is _Wone1 , The distance from the axial center line is R _one1 , and the length of the long side is R _v1 -R _one1 ) formed by a linear gradient transition section. The front section 318 of the axial transition section of the synthetic output chamber is composed of the basic part 310 of the front section of the axial transition section of the synthetic output chamber minus the axial transition section 317 of the anode block. The basic part 310 of the front section of the axial transition section of the synthesis output chamber is composed of the port cross section 307 of two adjacent synthesis output chambers plus the anode block port cross section 308 between the two adjacent synthesis output chambers, Between the composite rectangular surface 309 on the boundary cross-section 3ab of the axial output transition section (the length of the short side of the quasi-rectangular surface is W _two1 , the distance from the axial centerline is R _two1 , and the length of the long side is R _v1 -R _two1 ) Formed by linear gradient transition segments. The anode block axial transition section 317 is composed of an outer section 312 of the anode block axial transition section, an inner front section 314 of the anode block axial transition section and an inner rear section 316 of the anode block axial transition section. The anode block port cross-section between two adjacent synthetic output chambers is divided into two parts by the arc of radius R _cut , and the part with a radius greater than R _cut is named as the outer part of the anode block port cross-section 308a, with a radius smaller than R The portion of the _cut is named anode block port cross section interior 308b. The outer portion 312 of the axial transition section of the anode block transitions linearly from the outer portion 308a of the anode block port cross section along the axial direction to a similar rectangular cross section 311 with an axial distance of H _board (the length of the short side of the similar rectangular cross section is W _board , the distance from the axial centerline is R _board , and the length of the long side is R _v +(R _v1 -R _v )*H _board /H _c1 -R _board ). The inner front section 314 of the axial transition section of the anode block transitions from the inner part 308b of the cross-section of the anode block port along the axial direction to a trapezoidal cross-section 313 with an axial distance of H _board (the bottom of the trapezoidal cross-section is a trapezoidal cross-section). The short side of the rectangular cross section, the length of the side is W _board , the bottom is an arc with the radius R _stick1 and the angular width θ _stick1 ). The inner rear section 316 of the axial transition section of the anode block, from the trapezoidal cross section 313, linearly changes in the axial direction to a semicircular cross section 315 with an axial distance of H _stick (the bottom edge of the semicircular cross section It is an arc with a radius of R _stick2 and an angular width of θ _stick2 . The radius of the semicircular cross section is R _stick2 *sin(θ _stick2 /2)). The above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _a < R _cut <R _v <R _o , 0≤R _{one1 ≤R a1} , 0≤R _{two1 ≤R a1} , 0<R _a1 <R _v1 <R _o1 , 0<R _{stick1 ≤R board} <R _v +(R _v1 -R _v )*H _board /H _c1 , 0<R _stick2 <R _stick2 +R _stick2 *sin(θ _stick2 /2)<R _v1 , 0<θ _stick1 ≤180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0 <θ _stick2 ≤180°/(2N+1)-θ, 0<W _one1 <2*R _v1 , 0<W _two1 <2*R _v1 , 0<H _board +H _stick <H _c1 .

The rear section 3b of the axial output transition section, as shown in FIG. 6 , is composed of the outer cylinder 329 of the rear section of the axial output transition section and the structure inside the outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section. The outer cylinder 329 of the rear section of the axial output transition section is formed by the annular surface 320 on the boundary cross section 3ab of the axial output transition section and the annular surface 328 on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section ( The inner diameter of the torus is R _v2 , and the outer diameter is R _o2 ), which is formed by a linear gradient transition section. The structure inside the outer cylinder of the rear section of the axial output transition section, the vacuum part is composed of the rear section of the axial transition section of the interaction zone 323, the rear section of the axial transition section of the separate output cavity 325 and the rear section of the synthetic output cavity axial transition section 327 compositions. The rear section 323 of the axial transition section of the interaction zone is formed by the circular surface 302 on the boundary cross section 3ab of the axial output transition section and the circular surface 322 (circular surface 322) on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section. The radius is R _v2 ) formed between the linear gradient transition section. The rear section 325 of the axial transition section of the separate output cavity is composed of the separate rectangular-like surface 305 on the cross-section 3ab of the axial output transition section and the separate rectangular-like surface on the port cross-section of the rear section of the axial output transition section 324 (the length of the short side of the quasi-rectangular surface is W _one2 , the distance from the axial center line is R _one2 , and the length of the long side is R _v2 -R _one2 ). The rear section 327 of the axial transition section of the synthetic output chamber is composed of the synthetic rectangular surface 309 on the boundary cross section 3ab of the axial output transition section and the synthetic rectangular surface on the port cross section of the rear section of the axial output transition section 326 (the length of the short side of the quasi-rectangular surface is W _two2 , the distance from the axial center line is R _two2 , and the length of the long side is R _v2 -R _two2 ), the above parameters satisfy the following relationship : 0≤R _{one2 ≤R v2} , 0≤R _{two2 ≤R v2} , 0<R _v2 <R _o2 , 0<W _one2 <2*R _v2 , 0<W _two2 <2*R _v2 , 0<H _c2 .

Through the above design, the axial output transition section 3 not only makes the 2(2N+1) cavity magnetron working on the π mode directly axially output relatively pure circular TE11 mode microwaves, but also makes the axial output transition section 3 It is more compact and miniaturized in the radial and axial directions, which reduces the volume and weight of the external magnetic field system 5, and also makes the axially drifting electrons in the interaction region quickly hit the axial output transition section 3, reducing the The probability of absorption of output microwave energy by drifting electrons improves the power conversion efficiency.

The circular output waveguide 4 is shown in FIG. 7 , which is a circular waveguide with an inner diameter R _v2 and an outer diameter R _o2 . The circular output waveguide 4 is axially externally connected to the end port cross section 328 of the rear section 3b of the axial output transition section, and the above parameters satisfy the following relationship: 0<R _v2 <R _o2 .

The externally applied magnetic field system 5 is shown in FIG. 8 , consisting of two groups of solenoids 501 and 502 , which surround the coaxial input structure 1 , the resonant cavity structure 2 and the peripheral cylindrical space area of the axial output transition section 3 . The two groups of solenoids 501 and 502 are respectively located on both sides of the axial center cross-section 2xy of the magnetron anode structure 202, the two groups of solenoids are triggered synchronously, and the axis generated in the magnetron interaction zone The magnitude and direction of the magnetic field are the same.

Through the above design, the external magnetic field system 5 not only makes the distribution of the axial magnetic field in the interaction area more uniform, the interaction between the electron beam and the microwave is more sufficient, but also makes the entire magnetron system more compact and miniaturized.

Embodiment 1: The National University of Defense Technology simulates and realizes a compact relativistic magnetron with a circular TE11 output mode with a working frequency of 4.48 GHz according to the above design scheme (the corresponding dimensions are designed as: coaxial input structure and resonant cavity structure: N=1 ,R _i ＝R _c ＝5.0mm, R _oi ＝R _a ＝13.0mm, R _v ＝24.0mm, R _o ＝26.0mm, ΔR _r ＝ΔR _p ＝1.0mm, θ＝20°, θ _r ＝θ _p =5°, H _o =H _c =108mm, H _a =72mm; axial output transition section and circular output waveguide: R _cut =19mm, R _a1 =13mm, R _v1 =R _v2 =24.0mm, R _o1 = R _o2 =26.0mm, R _one1 =R _one2 =R _two1 =R _two2 =0.0mm, R _stick1 =R _stick2 =13.0mm, R _board =19.0mm, θ _stick1 =θ _stick2 =24°, W _one1 =W _one2 =10.0 mm, W _two1 =W _two2 =20.0 mm, W _board =2.0 mm, H _c1 =H _c2 =50.0 mm, H _board =30.0 mm, H _stick =5.0 mm.). Under the conditions of working voltage of 360kV and axial magnetic field of 0.6T, the microwave output power is 433.0MW, the power conversion efficiency is 41.9%, and the microwave start-up time is 16ns.

Embodiment 2: The National University of Defense Technology simulates and realizes a compact relativistic magnetron with a circular TE11 output mode with a working frequency of 4.29 GHz according to the above design scheme (the corresponding dimensions are designed as: coaxial input structure and resonant cavity structure: N=2 , R _i ＝R _c ＝11.0mm, R _oi ＝R _a ＝18.0mm, R _v ＝30.0mm, R _o ＝32.0mm, ΔR _r ＝ΔR _p ＝1.0mm, θ＝18°, θ _r ＝θ _p =4.5°, H _o =H _c =108mm, H _a =72mm; axial output transition section and circular output waveguide: R _cut =19mm, R _a1 =18mm, R _v1 =R _v2 =30.0mm, R _o1 = R _o2 =32.0mm, R _one1 =R _one2 =R _two1 =R _two2 =0.0mm, R _stick1 =R _stick2 =17.0mm, R _board =19.0mm, θ _stick1 =θ _stick2 =14°, W _one1 =W _one2 =11.0 mm, W _two1 =W _two2 =23.0 mm, W _board =2.0 mm, H _c1 =H _c2 =50.0 mm, H _board =30.0 mm, H _stick =4.0 mm.). Under the conditions of working voltage of 230kV and axial magnetic field of 0.4T, the microwave output power is 285.0MW, the power conversion efficiency is 26.4%, and the microwave start-up time is 15ns.

The above descriptions are only preferred implementations of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions under the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. a compact axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern, it is characterised in that: described magnetron is by the most defeated Enter structure, cavity resonator structure, axially export changeover portion, circular output waveguide and externally-applied magnetic field system composition, wherein, coaxially input Axis of no-feathering is to external cavity resonator structure, and the axial external axial output changeover portion of cavity resonator structure, axially output changeover portion axle is outside Connecing circular output waveguide, externally-applied magnetic field system is arranged on coaxial input structure, cavity resonator structure and axially exports outside changeover portion Enclose in cylindrical space region, and the axial direction of externally-applied magnetic field system, coaxial input structure, cavity resonator structure and axial output changeover portion Heart line all overlaps；

Described coaxial input structure is made up of coaxial urceolus and negative electrode connecting rod, described negative electrode connecting rod and described coaxial urceolus Longitudinal center line overlaps, and described coaxial urceolus internal diameter is R_oi, external diameter is R_o, described negative electrode connecting rod radius is R_i, above-mentioned parameter Between meet following relation: 0 < R_i<R_oi<R_o；

Described cavity resonator structure is by having the typical magnetron cavity resonator structure in 2 (2N+1) individual chamber and changing of magnetron Anodic block Enter structure composition, described in there is the typical magnetron cavity resonator structure in 2 (2N+1) individual chamber by magnetron urceolus, anode and cathode sets Becoming, described magnetron urceolus axle is outwards connected on the end of coaxial input structure, and its internal diameter is R_v, the external diameter of external diameter and coaxial urceolus R_oEqual, axial length is H_o, described anode is by the individual anode along the magnetron angular period profile of outer tube inner wall circumference of 2 (2N+1) Block is constituted, and its radius is R_a, axial length is H_a, and anode end face is concordant with magnetron urceolus terminal surface, between each anode block Chamber constitute magnetron cavity, the angular width of each resonator cavity is θ, and described negative electrode is axially fixed in described coaxial input The end of negative electrode connecting rod in structure, is positioned on the longitudinal center line of described magnetron urceolus, and its radius is R_c, axial length is H_c；Groove or projection that the improved structure of described magnetron Anodic block is had by the slippery inner surface of each anode block are tied Structure, wherein, described groove or raised structures are angularly alternately distributed on each anode block inner surface along magnetron circumference, groove or The angular centrage of projection all overlaps with the angular centrage of place anode block, and the radial depth of each groove is Δ R_r, angle It is θ to width_r, the radial depth of each projection is Δ R_p, angular width is θ_p, the axial length of groove or projection is equal Axial length H with anode block_aEqual, meet following relation between above-mentioned parameter: 0 < R_c<R_a<R_v<R_o, 0 < Δ R_r<R_v-R_a, 0 < ΔR_p<R_a-R_c, 0 < θ_r< 180 °/(2N+1)-θ, 0 < θ_p< 180 °/(2N+1)-θ, 0 < H_a<H_o, H_o-H_a<H_c；

Described axial output changeover portion is formed with axially output changeover portion back segment by axially exporting changeover portion leading portion, wherein said axle Axial length to output changeover portion leading portion is H_c1, the axial length of described axial output changeover portion back segment is H_c2, divide axially Output changeover portion leading portion and the cross section of axially output changeover portion back segment are axial output changeover portion boundary cross section；

Described axial output changeover portion leading portion by axially export changeover portion leading portion urceolus and axially output changeover portion leading portion urceolus with Interior structure composition, described axial output changeover portion leading portion urceolus is R by magnetron urceolus internal diameter_v, external diameter is R_oEnd port circle On anchor ring, with axially output changeover portion boundary cross section, internal diameter is R_v1, external diameter is R_o1Anchor ring between formed linear gradient Changeover portion is constituted；Structure within described axial output changeover portion leading portion urceolus, its vacuum section is by interaction region axial transitions Section leading portion, independent output cavity axial transitions section leading portion and synthesis output cavity axial transitions section leading portion composition, described interaction region axle It is R to changeover portion leading portion by disc radius on the interaction region of magnetron_aPort cross-sectional disc divide with axially output changeover portion On boundary's cross section, disc radius is R_a1Disc between the linear gradient changeover portion that formed constitute, choose in magnetron one group angular Two relative resonator cavitys, by its named independent output cavity, and by named for other resonator cavitys synthesis output cavity, the most described list Solely output cavity axial transitions section leading portion is by the port cross-sectional face of described independent output cavity and axially output changeover portion boundary cross section On independent class rectangular surfaces between formed linear gradient changeover portion constitute, described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section on Individually class rectangular surfaces is W by bond length_one1, and longitudinal center line at a distance of R_one1, long edge lengths be (R_v1-R_one1) rectangle region Territory and radius are R_v1Public composition of border circular areas, described synthesis output cavity axial transitions section leading portion is by synthesizing output cavity Axial transitions section leading portion essential part deducts anode block axial transitions section and constitutes, described synthesis output cavity axial transitions section leading portion base This part is added the sun between the synthesis output cavity that said two is adjacent by the port cross-sectional face of two adjacent synthesis output cavities The linear gradient mistake formed between synthesis class rectangular surfaces on block port cross-sectional face, pole and axially output changeover portion boundary cross section The section of crossing is constituted, and the synthesis class rectangular surfaces on described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section is W by bond length_two, and axially in Heart line is at a distance of R_two1, long edge lengths be (R_v1-R_two1) rectangular area and radius be R_v1Public composition of border circular areas, institute State anode block axial transitions section by outside anode block axial transitions section, anode block axial transitions intrasegmental part leading portion and anode block axial Changeover portion internal back segment composition, with radius R_cutCircular arc be the anode block ends between demarcating two adjacent synthesis output cavities Mouth cross section is divided into two parts, by radius more than R_cutPart names be outside anode block port cross-sectional face, radius is less than R_cutPart names be inside anode block port cross-sectional face, by anode block port cross-sectional outside described anode block axial transitions section Outside face, in axial direction linear gradient is transitioned into axial distance is H_boardClass rectangular cross section constitute, described class rectangular cross-sectional Face is W by bond length_board, and longitudinal center line at a distance of R_board, long edge lengths be (R_v+(R_v1-R_v)*H_board/H_c1-R_board) Rectangular area and radius be (R_v+(R_v1-R_v)*H_board/H_c1) public composition of border circular areas, the axial mistake of described anode block Crossing intrasegmental part leading portion by anode block port cross-sectional face axially inside dimension linear gradual transition is H to axial distance_boardClass Trapezoidal cross-section is constituted, and described class trapezoidal cross-section is by a length of W in the upper end_board, and longitudinal center line at a distance of R_boardStraight flange, Radius of going to the bottom is R_stick1, angular width be θ_stick1Circular arc isosceles trapezoid region constitute, described anode block axial transitions section It is H that internal back segment is transitioned into axial distance by described class trapezoidal cross-section the most in axial direction linear gradient_stickClass semicircle horizontal Section constitution, described class semi-circular cross-sections is R by bilge redius_stick2, angular width be θ_stick2Circular arc, radius be (R_stick2*sin(θ_stick2/ 2) half-circle area) is constituted, and meets following relation between above-mentioned parameter: 0 < R_a<R_cut<R_v<R_o, 0≤ R_one1≤R_a1, 0≤R_two1≤R_a1, 0 < R_a1<R_v1<R_o1, 0 < R_stick1≤R_board<R_v+(R_v1-R_v)*H_board/H_c1, 0 < R_stick2< R_stick2+R_stick2*sin(θ_stick2/2)<R_v1, 0 < θ_stick1≤ 180 °/(2N+1)-θ, 0 < θ_stick2≤ 180 °/(2N+1)-θ, 0 < W_one1<2*R_v1, 0 < W_two1<2*R_v1, 0 < H_board+H_stick<H_c1；

Described axial output changeover portion back segment by axially export changeover portion back segment urceolus and axially output changeover portion back segment urceolus with Interior structure composition, described axial output changeover portion back segment urceolus is by the annulus on described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section Face is R with internal diameter on the port cross-sectional face of axially output changeover portion back segment_v2, external diameter is R_o2Anchor ring between formed linear Gradual transition section is constituted；Structure within described axial output changeover portion back segment urceolus, its vacuum section is axial by interaction region Changeover portion back segment, independent output cavity axial transitions section back segment and synthesis output cavity axial transitions section back segment composition, described interaction District's axial transitions section back segment is by the disc on described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section and axially output changeover portion back segment On port cross-sectional face, radius is R_v2Disc between formed linear gradient changeover portion constitute, described independent output cavity axial transitions Section back segment is by the independent class rectangular surfaces on described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section and the end axially exporting changeover portion back segment The linear gradient changeover portion formed between independent class rectangular surfaces on mouth cross section is constituted, described axial output changeover portion back segment Independent class rectangular surfaces on port cross-sectional face is W by bond length_one2, and longitudinal center line at a distance of R_one2, long edge lengths be (R_v2-R_one2) rectangular area and radius be R_v2Public composition of border circular areas, described synthesis output cavity axial transitions section Back segment is by the synthesis class rectangular surfaces on described axial output changeover portion boundary cross section and the port axially exporting changeover portion back segment The linear gradient changeover portion formed between synthesis class rectangular surfaces on cross section is constituted, the end of described axial output changeover portion back segment Synthesis class rectangular surfaces on mouth cross section is W by bond length_two2, and longitudinal center line at a distance of R_two2, long edge lengths be (R_v2- R_two2) rectangular area and radius be R_v2Public composition of border circular areas, meet following relation between above-mentioned parameter: 0≤ R_one2≤R_v2, 0≤R_two2≤R_v2, 0 < R_v2<R_o2, 0 < W_one2 <2*R_v2, 0 < W_two2<2*R_v2, 0 < H_c2；

Described circular output waveguide be an internal diameter be R_v2, external diameter is R_o2Circular waveguide, described circular output waveguide is the most external On the end port cross section of described axial output changeover portion back segment, between above-mentioned parameter, meet following relation: 0 < R_v2<R_o2；

Described externally-applied magnetic field system is made up of two groups of solenoids, is enclosed in coaxial input structure, cavity resonator structure and axially exports The surrounding cylindrical area of space of changeover portion, described two groups of solenoids lay respectively at the axial centre cross section of anode of magnetron structure Both sides, two groups of solenoids synchronize to trigger, and the axial magnetic field size and Orientation produced in magnetron interaction region is consistent.

2. a compact as claimed in claim 1 axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern, it is characterised in that: N= 1,2,3,4 or 5.

3. a compact as claimed in claim 1 or 2 axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern, it is characterised in that: The each parameter of described magnetron is as follows: N=1, R_i=R_c=5.0mm, R_oi=R_a=13.0mm, R_v=24.0mm, R_o=26.0mm, ΔR_r=Δ R_p=1.0mm, θ=20 °, θ_r=θ_p=5 °, H_o=H_c=108mm, H_a=72mm；Axially output changeover portion and circle Output waveguide: R_cut=19mm, R_a1=13mm, R_v1=R_v2=24.0mm, R_o1=R_o2=26.0mm, R_one1=R_one2=R_two1= R_two2=0.0mm, R_stick1=R_stick2=13.0mm, R_board=19.0mm, θ_stick1=θ_stick2=24 °, W_one1=W_one2= 10.0mm,W_two1=W_two2=20.0mm, W_board=2.0mm, H_c1=H_c2=50.0mm, H_board=30.0mm, H_stick= 5.0mm。

4. a compact as claimed in claim 1 or 2 axially exports the relativistic magnetron of TE11 pattern, it is characterised in that: The each parameter of described magnetron is as follows: N=2, R_i=R_c=11.0mm, R_oi=R_a=18.0mm, R_v=30.0mm, R_o=32.0mm, ΔR_r=Δ R_p=1.0mm, θ=18 °, θ_r=θ_p=4.5 °, H_o=H_c=108mm, H_a=72mm；Axially output changeover portion and circle Shape output waveguide: R_cut=19mm, R_a1=18mm, R_v1=R_v2=30.0mm, R_o1=R_o2=32.0mm, R_one1=R_one2=R_two1 =R_two2=0.0mm, R_stick1=R_stick2=17.0mm, R_board=19.0mm, θ_stick1=θ_stick2=14 °, W_one1=W_one2= 11.0mm,W_two1=W_two2=23.0mm, W_board=2.0mm, H_c1=H_c2=50.0mm, H_board=30.0mm, H_stick= 4.0mm。