CN103278846A - Microseismograph, microseism signal acquiring and de-noising method, and microseism signal acquiring method - Google Patents
Microseismograph, microseism signal acquiring and de-noising method, and microseism signal acquiring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A microseismograph comprises a data acquiring module, a control module, a storage module, a power module and a wave detector, the wave detector receiving microseism signals is connected with the data acquiring module, the data acquiring module pre-processing the microseism signals is connected with the control module, and the control module is connected with the storage module; the microseismograph further comprises a GPS module providing locating and timing information, wherein the GPS module is connected with the control module; the wave detector comprises at least one set of shocking sensor and at least one set of electric signal sensor capable of sensing electric signals and incapable of sensing shocking signals, the electric signal sensor is provided with a resistor with electrical performance same as that of the shocking sensor, and the data acquiring module comprises sampling channel interfaces with the number larger than the sum of the number of the shocking sensors and the number of the electric signal sensors. The microseismograph, the microseism signal acquiring and de-noising method, and the microseism signal acquiring method can effectively eliminate electrical noise interference and improve the signal-to-noise ratio and are suitable for working in an outdoor atrocious weather environment.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of registering instrument, be specifically related to a kind of registering instrument that is applicable to the monitoring the earth vibrations/fluctuation of field work.
Background technology
As everyone knows, microseismograph is a kind of instrument for record vibrations/fluctuation, its function is that the signal that wave detector (i.e. the sensor of induction vibrations/fluctuation) transmission comes is noted, and by the predetermined recording call format signal is stored or is transferred to the equipment in downstream.Registering instrument itself can be a kind of general equipment.But, because the difference different with the data content of gathering (as the frequency range differences) that record format requires, so general registering instrument is difficult to satisfy specific needs.Microseismograph of the present invention is a kind of microseismograph for the underground micro rupture of monitoring and record microearthquake physical parameter.
Target (as stealth aircraft, underground micro rupture) for the space, can be by monitoring battle array observation its send or the feeble signal of the vibrations/fluctuation of reflecting, and at some physical parameter after proper data is handled, can obtain the striograph that target distributes with space-time.In existing oil-gas mining technology, because the energy that the underground micro rupture that natural structure or production are brought out discharges is very faint, when laying seismic network observation on the face of land, usually can't be than great explosion in the natural violent earthquake in location or artificial exploration, the ripple that extracts the first arrival of breaking in wave recording carries out the tradition location, for this reason people usually cost of use is high, construction is complicated and the well of the contiguous rent hundreds of rice of restrictive condition harshness in lay seismoreceiver and registering instrument, implement observation and tradition is located.In view of this, comprise worker, the mining industry of oil-gas mining, be badly in need of that research and development are a kind of can lay the micro seismic monitoring station that comprise microseism wave detector and microseismograph on the face of land, with the face of land observation method enforcement of simple, economical and efficient observation and the location to underground micro rupture.Yet, because the energy that the micro rupture of observed object discharges is very faint, the microseismic activity that the face of land is passed in its vibrations of breaking extremely a little less than, so, the microseismic activity that many and assorted interfering noises on the face of land (vibrations of sending as vehicle, plant equipment etc.) discharge with respect to micro rupture seems extremely strong, thereby have the problem that can't identify and extract microseismic signals from extremely strong undesired signal, this also is the main cause that existing face of land observation method is not achieved success as yet.On the basis of a large amount of experimental studies, the applicant has overcome the problem that existing face of land observation method exists, grasped the accurate method of monitoring underground micro rupture on the face of land, and show that successfully the micro rupture of goal-selling is in the technology of the image of space distribution, this technology comprises: the observation instrument that (A) solves prior art is not suitable for the problem of the face of land micro seismic monitoring station, design and manufacture the observation instrument that is applicable to the face of land micro seismic monitoring station, comprising microseismograph and microseism wave detector, these observation instruments should possess the microseism ripple of the micro rupture generation that can monitor and can note goal-selling at least, can filter out most of interfering noise, can be suitable for 50 hours function of continual and steady work under field and the rugged surroundings; (B) data that solve prior art are handled incorrect problem, find the method that correct, effectively to handle the data that collected by the face of land micro seismic monitoring station, work out out special-purpose computer data process software, and can show the fracture shape of underground micro rupture and at the spatial distributions state; (C) find the method that meets the desired open-air laying platform net of face of land micro seismic monitoring station image data, avoid surface noise as far as possible and disturb and remove electrical Interference.
Existing microseismograph, mostly adopt the computer system that has operating system to add parts formations such as analog input card, system is huge, and operational efficiency is lower, power consumption is big, battery capacity also requires bigger naturally, and in order to adapt to moving and transporting of lowered in field environment, these instruments must be firm in structure, cause overall relatively heavier, cause engineering cost to increase, fragile in the instrument carrying, influence operate as normal.And the existing record instrument do not have good denoising, itself is exactly a noise source, is not suitable for the collection to the underground faint signal that breaks.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the defective of prior art, a kind of microseismograph is provided, can effectively remove the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) that noise jamming improves image data.And further can work alone in the field, adapt to open-air complex operating environment.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of microseismograph, comprise data acquisition module, control module, memory module, power module and wave detector, the wave detector of described reception microseismic signals is connected with data acquisition module, describedly microseismic signals is carried out pretreated data acquisition module be connected with control module, described control module is connected with memory module; Described microseismograph also comprises the GPS module that location and timing information are provided, and described GPS module is connected with control module; Described wave detector comprises the electric signal sensor that at least one group of vibration transducer and at least one group can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal, described electric signal sensor has the electric property resistance identical with the electric property of vibration transducer, and described data acquisition module comprises the sampling channel interface that is no less than described vibration transducer and electric signal sensor quantity sum.
Further, described wave detector is three-component seismometer, comprises the electric signal sensor that three groups of vibration transducers and a group can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal, and described data acquisition module comprises at least 4 sampling channel interfaces.
Further, described data acquisition module is provided with low-pass filter, can suppress the intensity that frequency is higher than the signal of 45Hz.
Further, described microseismograph also comprises wireless communication module, and described wireless communication module is connected with control module.
Further, described data acquisition module comprises the simulating signal amplification collection plate that simulating signal can be amplified and be converted to digital signal.
Further, described data acquisition module sampling precision is 16 to 24, and sample rate can reach 2000 times/second.
Further, described microseismograph adopts the case structure that is fit to field work, the instrument container 7 that comprises the sealing that is combined to form by casing 71 and case lid 72, described data acquisition module, control module, memory module, GPS module become one and power module all is installed in the casing 71 by flexible connecting structure.
Further, described memory module is mobile memory card, is provided with the storage deck 51 that can connect mobile memory card and the shutter mechanism 6 that protects mobile memory card in described casing 71 side walls; Described shutter mechanism 6 comprises that elasticity renovates 61, gate seat 62, hinge arrangement 63, and gate seat 62 is fixedly mounted on the casing 71 of storage deck 51 exsertion parts, and elasticity is renovated 61 and is connected with gate seat 62 by hinge arrangement 63; Elasticity renovate 61 with gate seat 62 closure states under, gate seat 62, elasticity renovate 61 and casing 71 between be provided be used to the sealed airspace 64 of holding the exposed parts of storing deck 51; Elasticity renovate 61 with gate seat 62 open modes under, gate seat 62 and elasticity are renovated and are provided with the operating space 65 of being convenient to staff intervention between 61.
The present invention also provides a kind of microseismic signals to gather denoising method, comprises step:
(1) receives the signal of handling through data acquisition module from wave detector internal vibration sensor and electric signal sensor collection;
(2) mixed signal that comprises microseismic signals and electrical interference signal of vibration transducer collection can effectively be removed electric noise with the electrical interference signal stack through reverse electric signal sensor collection.
The present invention also provides a kind of microseismic signals acquisition method, comprises step:
(1) receives the signal of handling through data acquisition module from wave detector internal vibration sensor and electric signal sensor collection;
(2) mixed signal that comprises microseismic signals and electrical interference signal of vibration transducer collection can effectively be removed electric noise with the electrical interference signal stack through reverse electric signal sensor collection;
(3) time of the microseismic signals data of gathering with Greenwich absolute time mark based on the time dissemination system of GPS module;
(4) the microseismic signals data that will have a time mark are recorded on the memory module.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of microseismograph of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the profile schematic perspective view of the embodiment of microseismograph of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of microseismograph shown in Figure 2.
Fig. 4 is the profile synoptic diagram of the wave detector of microseismograph of the present invention.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, microseismograph of the present invention, comprise data acquisition module, control module, memory module, power module and wave detector, the wave detector of described reception microseismic signals is connected with data acquisition module, describedly microseismic signals is carried out pretreated data acquisition module be connected with control module, described control module is connected with memory module; Described microseismograph also comprises the GPS module that location and timing information are provided, and described GPS module is connected with control module.
Residing longitude and latitude and the accurate record of elevation when microseismograph of the present invention carries out micro seismic monitoring by the realization of GPS module to microseismograph, and utilize the GPS time dissemination system by the GPS module, the time of the microseismic signals data of gathering based on Greenwich absolute time mark, the GPS time service precision reaches 1.0E-7ms.High precision time service function based on the GPS module, make follow-up Monitoring Data based on many microseismograph records analyze when realizing underground breakdown point location, can carry out time-domain analysis to realize the synchronous of each microseismograph image data to data, make each microseismograph to work alone, needn't network unified time.Above-mentioned longitude and latitude, elevation and GPS time service information are recorded in the memory module after handling by control module.
Microseismograph of the present invention can also comprise wireless communication module, and described wireless communication module is connected with control module.Based on wireless communication module, can be implemented in the communication of microseismograph and external control system in the observation process of microearthquake or micro rupture, realization improves laying and the monitoring quality of website to the Real Time Observation analysis of microseismograph background noise and duty, realizes Long-distance Control to microseismograph by external control system.Can certainly pass the microseismic signals data in real time of gathering back external control system by wireless communication module, but because data volume is bigger, based on wireless signal poor stability and the low reason of transfer rate, the microseismic signals data at first need to be recorded in the memory module.
In order effectively to reduce the noise jamming in the microseismic signals collection, improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), microseismograph of the present invention has the noise reduction process function.Specifically, wave detector of the present invention adopts three-component seismometer, comprise three groups of vibration transducers, also comprise one group of electric signal sensor of can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal simultaneously, described electric signal sensor has the electric property resistance identical with the electric property of vibration transducer, described data acquisition module comprises at least 4 sampling channel interfaces, and data acquisition module wherein 4 sampling channel interfaces is connected with one group of electric signal sensor with three groups of vibration transducers respectively.When carrying out the microseismic signals collection, outside and inner electromagnetic interference signal and the electric crosstalk signal of instrument acts on these 4 groups of sensors simultaneously, the electrical interference waveform that causes is very alike, this road waveform that connects electric signal sensor can be thought electrical interference waveform completely, other three road waveform is the hybrid waveform of vibrational waveform and electrical interference waveform, with hybrid waveform go to superpose electrical interference waveform through reverse, can remove electric greatly interference effectively, this method can abbreviate the oppositely denoising method of stack of electric noise sampling as.Obviously, need based on different microseismic signals collections, described wave detector only need comprise the electric signal sensor that at least one group of vibration transducer and at least one group can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal, and described electric signal sensor has the denoising method that the electric property resistance identical with the electric property of vibration transducer can realize that the electric noise sampling oppositely superposes.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 2 to 4, further specify an embodiment of microseismograph of the present invention.
The profile of microseismograph of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, microseismograph adopts the case structure that is fit to field work, the instrument container 7 that comprises the sealing that is combined to form by casing 71 and case lid 72, described combination refers to be connected combination with 71 with case lid 72 by linkage (as hinge commonly used), be combined to form the sealing of casing 71 between case lid 72, also can open when needed simultaneously.All component of machine and the electron device of microseismograph except wave detector is installed in the instrument container 7 of sealing.Described sealing combination, can make instrument container 7 have desirable sealing property and be suitable for that operation under the open-air extreme climate environment desiredly is convenient to that a dead lift carries, the effect of firm, impact resistance, waterproof and dustproof.A side of casing 71 is as the guidance panel of microseismograph, be provided with the necessary component of machine of man-machine cooperation and electron device in this side, comprising: wave detector input socket 11, the storage deck 51 that can connect mobile memory card, power switch 42, charging socket 43, LED light 8.
The wave detector profile of microseismograph of the present invention then as shown in Figure 4, the shell of wave detector is threaded column, carrying out the microseismic signals monitoring when burying underground, the brill vertical ground that uses screw thread coupling and diameter to be slightly less than the wave detector shell gets out a hole, wave detector is screwed in the hole again, makes wave detector and hole wall make wringing fit, do not destroy the original density on the face of land, do not destroy the globality of soil property, reach the height coupling of wave detector and the earth, can improve the validity of Monitoring Data greatly.The vibration transducer of wave detector and electric signal sensor then are fixedly mounted in the wave detector cylindrical shell.
As shown in Figure 3, a specific embodiment of microseismograph of the present invention, described power module comprises battery case 41, power switch 42 and charging socket; Described memory module comprises storage deck 51 and storage card movably; Described control module comprises the MCU control module 2 that adopts ARM Series MCU chip; Described data acquisition module comprises the wave detector input socket 11 that simulating signal is amplified collection plate 1, is connected with simulating signal amplification collection plate 1; Described wireless communication module comprises wireless data transfer module 52 and connected data transmission antenna 53; Described GPS module is the GPS module 3 that has gps antenna 31; The microseismograph of present embodiment also is provided with card extender 9, be used for MCU control module 2 with power switch 42, LED light 8, store being connected of deck 51.
Data acquisition module pre-service of the present invention comprises amplifies microseismic signals and is that digital signal is exported to control module with analog signal conversion.Data acquisition module can adopt the simulating signal that simulating signal can be amplified and be converted to digital signal to amplify collection plate 1.Also can be for comprising the circuit of signal amplifier and digital to analog converter, described microseismic signals is through the signal amplifier amplification and output to control module after digital to analog converter is converted to digital signal.In order to realize the accurate collection of microseismic signals, described data acquisition module sampling precision should be 16 to 24, and sample rate can reach 2000 times/second, can realize different sampling rates such as 0.5ms, 1ms, 2ms, 4ms, and sampling channel then is preferably 4 to 8.Frequency range based on microseismic signals, also can be provided with in the data acquisition module of the present invention and can suppress the low-pass filter that frequency is higher than the signal of 45Hz, can suppress most of vibrations interfering noise, particularly the above vibrating noise of 45Hz makes it can respond to the interior seismic event of 1-45Hz frequency range accurately, delicately.Certainly, this is a kind of preferred scheme, if because in wave detector, set up wave filter, in data acquisition module, can not establish wave filter so, but no matter whether be provided with wave filter in the wave detector, be chosen in and set up wave filter in the data acquisition module and can play the effect that precautions averts perils, and double-smoothing also can increase jamproof effect.
For adapting to open-air carrying and long-term work, control module of the present invention adopts the ARM Series MCU of low-power consumption to substitute normally used computer system, does not use general operating system, only move specific software, overall power is low, and is low to the battery capacity requirement, can alleviate battery weight greatly; Be fit to moving and transporting of field environment, and low in energy consumption may be based on battery continuous working in the open air tens hours.
Data acquisition module of the present invention, control module, memory module, GPS module become one, and when comprising wireless communication module, wireless communication module also can be integrated together.Make microseismograph of the present invention have good shockproof properties in order to adapt to the field work environment equally, each module that becomes one and the power module of microseismograph all are installed in the casing 71 by flexible connecting structure 100.Described flexible connecting structure 100 refers to a kind of connecting elements made from resilient material (as rubber, plastics), its profile is fixedlyed connected with casing 71 inner chambers coupling and with casing 71, be provided with to hold at this connecting elements the mounting structure comprise each functional module of the present invention, battery case 41 is installed, interconnect by flexible cord between the parts.The critical piece of microseismograph and battery all do not use screw to be fixed on the cabinet, and be to use the packing method that flexibly connects, in seal box, adopt soft rubber to be processed into specific shape, circuit board and battery are embedded wherein, the use flexible cord interconnects, make it reach best shockproof properties, but also weight reduction is conducive to use under the field environment and transport for long-distance.9 of the card extenders of microseismograph of the present invention are fixedly mounted in the casing 71, to guarantee that the card extender 9 storage deck 51 fixedly connected with being installed in casing 71, LED light 8, power switch 42 keep being electrically connected reliably, particularly are subjected at casing 71 still guaranteeing reliable electrical connection under the fortuitous events such as bump, vibrations.Gps antenna 31, data transmission antenna 53 are installed in the casing 71, but for fear of the screening effect of instrument container 7, and a kind of scheme that preferably addresses this problem is, described casing 71 and case lid 72 all adopt not the materials such as engineering plastics of containing metal composition to make.
Equally in order to adapt to the field work environment, be provided with the shutter mechanism 6 of protection mobile memory card in described casing 71 side walls, have the dustproof and waterproof performance, be convenient to operation and be applicable in the field environment and use.Described shutter mechanism 6 comprises that elasticity renovates 61, gate seat 62, hinge arrangement 63, and gate seat 62 is fixedly mounted on the casing 71 of storage deck 51 exsertion parts, and elasticity is renovated 61 and is connected with gate seat 62 by hinge arrangement 63; Elasticity renovate 61 with gate seat 62 closure states under, gate seat 62, elasticity renovate 61 and casing 71 between be provided be used to the sealed airspace 64 of holding the exposed parts of storing deck 51; Elasticity renovate 61 with gate seat 62 open modes under, gate seat 62 and elasticity are renovated and are provided with the operating space 65 of being convenient to staff intervention between 61.Shutter mechanism 6 embodiments that accompanying drawing provides are the situations that are used for separately storage deck 51, but described shutter mechanism 6 also is applicable to the situation that is used for power switch 42 separately, or storage deck 51 and power switch 42 are common uses a shutter mechanism 6.
Based on above-mentioned a series of technical schemes that the present invention adopts, microseismograph of the present invention can effectively be removed electric noise and disturb, and improves signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio), is suitable for operation under the open-air extreme climate environment.Microseismograph of the present invention is simple and reasonable, specificity is strong, do not need general operating system, only move specific software, overall power is low, can reduce volume of battery and the weight that alleviates battery greatly, can be not more than under 95% the condition operate as normal more than 50 hours at environment temperature-20～+ 70 degree, ambient humidity, volume is little, in light weight, be convenient to that a dead lift carries, firm, impact resistance, characteristics such as waterproof and dustproof are more suitable for the operation of face of land monitoring micro rupture image technology under open-air extreme climate environment.
Control module of the present invention adopts the ARM Series MCU of low-power consumption to substitute normally used computer system, do not use general operating system, only move specific software, the realization microseismic signals is gathered, and its function that has comprises: the denoising method of using the electric noise sampling oppositely to superpose is carried out denoising to the data of gathering; The time of the microseismic signals data of gathering with Greenwich absolute time mark based on the time dissemination system of GPS module; The microseismic signals data that will have time mark are recorded on the memory module; The microseismic signals data transmission with time mark that to gather with wireless communication module spreads out of.Described denoising step comprises that (1) receives the signal of handling through data acquisition module from wave detector internal vibration sensor and electric signal sensor collection; (2) mixed signal that comprises microseismic signals and electrical interference signal of vibration transducer collection can effectively be removed electric noise with the electrical interference signal stack through reverse electric signal sensor collection, obtain effective microseismic signals.
Above content is the explanation of the present invention being done in conjunction with concrete preferred implementation, can not assert that concrete enforcement of the present invention is confined to these explanations.For those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention and design, also can make some simple deduction or replace, all should be considered as belonging to protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a microseismograph comprises data acquisition module, control module, memory module, power module and wave detector, it is characterized in that:
The wave detector of described reception microseismic signals is connected with data acquisition module, describedly microseismic signals is carried out pretreated data acquisition module is connected with control module, and described control module is connected with memory module;
Described microseismograph also comprises the GPS module that location and timing information are provided, and described GPS module is connected with control module;
Described wave detector comprises the electric signal sensor that at least one group of vibration transducer and at least one group can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal, described electric signal sensor has the electric property resistance identical with the electric property of vibration transducer, and described data acquisition module comprises the sampling channel interface that is no less than described vibration transducer and electric signal sensor quantity sum.
2. microseismograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described wave detector is three-component seismometer, comprise the electric signal sensor that three groups of vibration transducers and a group can the perception electric signal and can not the perception vibration signal, described data acquisition module comprises at least 4 sampling channel interfaces.
3. microseismograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition module is provided with low-pass filter, can suppress the intensity that frequency is higher than the signal of 45Hz.
4. microseismograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described microseismograph also comprises wireless communication module, described wireless communication module is connected with control module.
5. microseismograph according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described data acquisition module comprises that the simulating signal that simulating signal can be amplified and be converted to digital signal amplifies collection plate.
6. microseismograph according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described data acquisition module sampling precision is 16 to 24, and sample rate can reach 2000 times/second.
7. microseismograph according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described microseismograph adopts the case structure that is fit to field work, comprises the instrument container (7) of the sealing that is combined to form by casing (71) and case lid (72),
Described data acquisition module, control module, memory module, GPS module become one and power module all is installed in the casing (71) by flexible connecting structure.
8. microseismograph according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: described memory module is mobile memory card, is provided with the storage deck (51) that can connect mobile memory card and the shutter mechanism (6) that protects mobile memory card in described casing (71) side walls;
Described shutter mechanism (6) comprises that elasticity renovates (61), gate seat (62), hinge arrangement (63), gate seat (62) is fixedly mounted on the casing (71) of storage deck (51) exsertion part, and elasticity is renovated (61) and is connected with gate seat (62) by hinge arrangement (63); Renovate in elasticity under (61) and gate seat (62) closure state, gate seat (62), elasticity are renovated the sealed airspace (64) that is provided with between (61) and the casing (71) be used to the exposed parts that holds storage deck (51); Renovate in elasticity under (61) and gate seat (62) open mode, gate seat (62) and elasticity are renovated to be provided with between (61) and are convenient to the operating space (65) that staff is got involved.
9. a microseismic signals is gathered denoising method, it is characterized in that, comprises step:
(1) receives the signal of handling through data acquisition module from wave detector internal vibration sensor and electric signal sensor collection;
(2) mixed signal that comprises microseismic signals and electrical interference signal of vibration transducer collection can effectively be removed electric noise with the electrical interference signal stack through reverse electric signal sensor collection.
10. a microseismic signals acquisition method is characterized in that, comprises step:
(1) receives the signal of handling through data acquisition module from wave detector internal vibration sensor and electric signal sensor collection;
(2) mixed signal that comprises microseismic signals and electrical interference signal of vibration transducer collection can effectively be removed electric noise with the electrical interference signal stack through reverse electric signal sensor collection;
(3) time of the microseismic signals data of gathering with Greenwich absolute time mark based on the time dissemination system of GPS module;
(4) the microseismic signals data that will have a time mark are recorded on the memory module.
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| CN103852784A (en) * | 2014-03-12 | 2014-06-11 | 北京矿冶研究总院 | Method for improving signal-to-noise ratio of mine microseismic detector |
| CN106646591A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-10 | 克拉玛依市海晟达石油科技有限公司 | Oil layer fireflood front end micro-seismic monitoring system and method |
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| CN107436448A (en) * | 2017-09-11 | 2017-12-05 | 上海申丰地质新技术应用研究所有限公司 | A kind of engineering seismology detection system and data reading system |
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| CN113589360A (en) * | 2021-07-27 | 2021-11-02 | 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 | Router based on field broadband seismograph observation station and data transmission method |
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