CN103267477B - Adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile - Google Patents
Adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile Download PDFInfo
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- CN103267477B CN103267477B CN201310240415.1A CN201310240415A CN103267477B CN 103267477 B CN103267477 B CN 103267477B CN 201310240415 A CN201310240415 A CN 201310240415A CN 103267477 B CN103267477 B CN 103267477B
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Abstract
The present invention's adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, there is adjustable base seat support, rheostat measuring probe, probe base is had in adjustable base seat support, by by conduction steel ball ring being laterally housed and the insulation shell that forms of the built-in insulation sleeve pipe that lower end snaps in insulating sleeve lower end by insulating sleeve and the upper end of dividing plate in rheostat measuring probe, insulation shell has probe shaft slideway vertically, probe shaft is arranged in probe shaft slideway and needle point stretches out outside built-in insulation sleeve pipe, have in insulating sleeve be contained in probe shaft top and with the insulation rod of probe shaft coaxial cable, insulation rod is wound with resistance wire coil and is through on conduction steel ball ring endoporus and contact with conduction steel ball, output lead is had on conduction steel ball ring top, input lead is arranged at resistance wire coil top, the latch coordinated with the probe deck on probe base is arranged at insulating sleeve bottom.Structure of the present invention is simple, and easy to operate, work efficiency is high, and cost economic is practical.
Description
technical field:
The present invention relates to a kind of rock mass discontinuity 3 d surface topography measurement mechanism, particularly be a kind of adjustable rheostat structure and apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile.
background technology:
The impact of structural plane is the basic reason making Mechanical property be different from rockmass.Carrying out accurately measuring to the real topography of structural plane is research rock mass deformation and strength characteristic, the prerequisite of evaluation structure face rock stability.Structural plane degree of roughness is one of key mechanics parameter of hard structural plane, but structural plane surface is that coarse fluctuating is rough, and its coarse fluctuating quantity is ever-changing, and carry out accurate measurement to its real topography is a difficult problem always.In reality, its roughness section curve of measurement mostly is to structural plane measurement, its three-dimensional appearance is considered not enough, but itself complexity of rock mass discontinuity is difficult to simply represent with several groups of profile lines, must take into full account its three-dimensional appearance, and accurately measure its three-dimensional appearance.At present in this field, two large classes are mainly contained to the 3 D measuring method of structural plane, i.e. optical method and Mechanical Method two kinds.There is partial optical instrument to carry out precision measurement although current, but be used for Indoor measurement research, and optical measuring apparatus requires harsh to operating environment, need key rock section test specimen, can not apply in the wild well, sometimes because factor such as structural plane surface weathering and Groundwater infiltration, insufficient light, dust enrichment etc. can affect result of use (the such as underground chamber construction of surveying instrument, adit, the vertical shaft of dam phase of exploration excavation, the Practical Projects such as highway, the construction of railway tunnel).Thus cause it in production and research work, be difficult to popularity utilization.Dial gauge is mainly utilized in the wild in the insertion of structural plane spaced surface to measure the roughness parameter of structural plane during conventional mechanical methods works, indirect acquisition, its measuring accuracy is all undesirable with the speed of drafting, labour intensity is high, and comparatively large by the impact of working environment, in engineering practice, practicality is poor.
summary of the invention:
The object of the invention is the deficiency existed to overcome existing rock mass discontinuity surface figure measuring device at present, there is provided a kind of structure simple, easy to operate, work efficiency is high, cost economic, practical, meet the adjustable rheostat structural plane three-dimensional surface shape measurement mechanism of the needs of engineering construction and scientific research.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
The present invention's adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, adjustable base seat support is had in this device, rheostat measuring probe, control box, extenal fixation bearing is had in adjustable base seat support, middle rotation rod support, interior mobile rod support, probe base, middle rotation rod support is arranged in extenal fixation bearing, two horizontal rotating shafts to be contained in respectively in extenal fixation bearing two corresponding sides and to be each passed through middle rotation rod support corresponding edge and make middle rotation rod support rotate around two horizontal rotating shafts and be fixed by fixture, the middle relative two sides of rotation rod support there is the horizontal concrete chute being parallel to two horizontal rotating shaft axis respectively, the upper end of two transverse sliders be contained in respectively in two horizontal concrete chutes be each passed through interior mobile rod support corresponding end drive in mobile rod support transversely slide fixing by fixture, interior mobile rod support there is the longitudinal chute vertical with two horizontal concrete chutes, probe base to be contained on longitudinal chute and longitudinally slide and fixing, probe base there is at least one probe deck, by by conduction steel ball ring being laterally housed and the insulation shell that forms of the built-in insulation sleeve pipe that lower end snaps in insulation tube lower end by insulating sleeve and the upper end of dividing plate in rheostat measuring probe, insulation shell has probe shaft slideway vertically, probe shaft is arranged in probe shaft slideway and needle point stretches out outside built-in external insulation casing pipe, spring cavity is had in built-in insulation sleeve pipe, be positioned at the first spring housing of spring cavity on probe shaft, have in insulating sleeve be contained in probe shaft top and with the insulation rod of probe shaft coaxial cable, insulation rod is wound with resistance wire coil and is through on conduction steel ball ring endoporus and contact with conduction steel ball, output lead is had on conduction steel ball ring top, input lead is arranged at resistance wire coil top, electric current exports from the input of resistance wire coil top from conduction steel ball ring thus forms closed-loop path, built-in insulation casing part has the latch coordinated with the probe deck on probe base.
Above-mentioned extenal fixation bearing is positioned at the position equipped amount hornwork of horizontal rotating shaft, on middle rotating stand, there is horizontal rule the position of relative horizontal concrete chute, and on interior mobile rod support, there is longitudinal rule the position of relatively longitudinal chute.
Between above-mentioned insulation rod upper end and insulating sleeve top, the second spring is housed.
Probe deck on above-mentioned probe base is three, and rheostat measuring probe is three, is contained on three probe decks respectively.
Base is had in above-mentioned probe base, be arranged in the longitudinal sliding block stretching into longitudinal chute of base bottom, base-mounted two slide bars, two slide bars are equipped with Compress Spring respectively, the seat of honour is contained on two slide bars by the slide opening coordinated with two slide bars respectively, deck is positioned on the seat of honour, be positioned between base and the seat of honour at slide bar upper, upper/lower positions is equipped with suction sheet respectively, magnet, electromagnet is controlled by electro-magnet control switch by wire, contact with suction sheet after electromagnet energising, thus the Compress Spring on compression slide bar drives probe to move downward, after turn-off current, electromagnet departs from suction sheet, rheostat probe rebounds back highly original by Compress Spring.
The adjustment hold-down nut that above-mentioned extenal fixation bearing surrounding is equipped with Level tune studdle respectively, coordinates with Level tune studdle, extenal fixation bearing is equipped with spirit-leveling instrument.
Measurement mechanism of the present invention can measure the structural plane (0-60 °) of low-angle dip in the wild.Gently dipping structural plane is laid measurement mechanism need to use spirit-leveling instrument, spirit-leveling instrument is lain on extenal fixation bearing frame upper surface, four studdles of regulating device, make exterior fixing rack frame horizontal, rod support is rotated in rotating again, rotational angle is structural plane inclination angle, makes inserting tube all the time perpendicular to structural plane, tightens each nut after having adjusted.Select an appropriate point as initial point on structural plane surface, measure from this point.Interior mobile rod support and probe base are moved to zero place on rule, at the steady rheostat inserting tube of the upper strata card of pedestal, start electromagnet and attract pedestal upper strata, pedestal upper strata is made to drive the overall Compress Spring downwards of inserting tube, and be fixed on a highly constant position, now, probe tip touches rock surface, and be pressed into inserting tube inside, change the length of inserting tube internal resistance silk, cause curent change, electric current is changed through numerical value, demonstrate the length of probe indentation on a display screen, because the height of inserting tube is fixed, the length of probe indentation just illustrates the relative relief of this point of rock surface.For reducing workload, improving and measure efficiency, by three identical inserting tube located side by side on probe base, so just can one-shot measurement three points.Due to the probe tip interval 25mm of three inserting tubes, so measurement data will be recorded on record sheet according to certain rules.
After a measuring point completes, close electro-magnet switch, spring is upspring pedestal, by the scribe-lane alignment in the line on probe base and interior mobile rod support to another scale place, displacement is determined by required, and displacement is less, measured result is also more accurate, and displacement is larger, and degree of accuracy but declines.This instrument Minimum sliding distance is 1mm, according to experience that practice obtains, recommend displacement 5,10,15,20mm,
Apparatus of the present invention overcome the deficiency that existing rock mass discontinuity 3 d surface topography measurement mechanism at present exists, a set of easy to operate, cost economic, practical, can improve and adopt point efficiency, and be convenient to dismounting carry, also can its fluctuating discrepancy in elevation of vertical survey to the structural plane having a low inclination angle, be suitable for field and use and be also suitable for Indoor measurement research.Rheostat measuring probe of the present invention, these two parts of adjustable base seat support can work alone also can cooperating; Use existing data collector and digital three-dimensional Become the picture software (MATLAB/SURFER) cooperating simultaneously in addition, realize parameter acquiring and the three-dimensional visualization on structural plane surface.
accompanying drawing illustrates:
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is adjustable base seat support structural representation.
Fig. 3 is rheostat measuring probe structural representation.
Fig. 4 is conduction steel ball ring and the resistance coil location drawing.
Fig. 5 is conduction steel ball ring structure schematic diagram.
Fig. 6 is probe base structural representation.
Fig. 7 is rheostat measuring probe fundamental diagram.
Fig. 8 is apparatus of the present invention operating diagram.
embodiment:
See Fig. 1 ~ Fig. 7, the present embodiment adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, has adjustable base seat support 1, rheostat measuring probe 2, control box 3 in this device.Extenal fixation bearing 4 is had, middle rotation rod support 5, interior mobile rod support 6, probe base 7 in adjustable base seat support.Extenal fixation bearing surrounding is equipped with Level tune studdle 8 respectively, the adjustment hold-down nut 9 coordinated with Level tune studdle.Extenal fixation bearing is equipped with spirit-leveling instrument.Middle rotation rod support is arranged in extenal fixation bearing, and two horizontal rotating shafts 10 to be contained in respectively in extenal fixation bearing two corresponding sides and to be each passed through middle rotation rod support corresponding edge and make middle rotation rod support rotate with two horizontal rotating shafts and be fixed by nut.The horizontal Fixed latches 11 in the hole that can be inserted on extenal fixation bearing and middle rotation rod support relevant position is being had respectively with the horizontal rotating shaft both sides that are axis of symmetry.The middle relative two sides of rotation rod support there is the horizontal concrete chute 12 being parallel to two horizontal rotating shaft axis respectively.The upper end of two transverse sliders 13 be contained in respectively in two horizontal concrete chutes be each passed through interior mobile rod support corresponding end drive in mobile rod support transversely slide fixing by nut.Interior mobile rod support there is the longitudinal chute 14 vertical with two horizontal concrete chutes.Probe base 7 to be contained on longitudinal chute and longitudinally slide and fixing.Probe base there are three probe decks 15.By by conduction steel ball ring 16 being laterally housed and the insulation shell 20 that forms of the built-in insulation sleeve pipe 19 that lower end snaps in insulating sleeve lower end by insulating sleeve 18 and the upper end of dividing plate 17 in rheostat measuring probe.Insulation shell has probe shaft slideway 21 vertically.Probe shaft 22 is arranged in probe shaft slideway and needle point stretches out outside built-in insulation sleeve pipe.Spring cavity 23 is had in built-in insulation sleeve pipe.The first spring 24 being positioned at spring cavity is enclosed within probe shaft.Have in insulating sleeve be contained in probe shaft top and with the insulation rod 25 of probe shaft coaxial cable.Insulation rod is wound with resistance wire coil 26 and is through on conduction steel ball ring endoporus and contact with conduction steel ball 27.Have output lead 28 on conduction steel ball ring top, input lead 29 is arranged at resistance wire coil top, and electric current exports from the input of resistance wire coil top from conduction steel ball ring thus forms closed-loop path.Built-in insulation casing part has the latch 30 coordinated with the probe deck on probe base.Second spring 31 is housed between insulation rod upper end and insulating sleeve top.In Fig. 4, Fig. 5, sequence number 43 is conductive metal sheet.
See Fig. 1, extenal fixation bearing is positioned at the position equipped amount hornwork 32 of horizontal rotating shaft, on middle rotating stand, there is horizontal rule 33 position of relative horizontal concrete chute.On interior mobile rod support, there is longitudinal rule 34 position of relatively longitudinal chute.
See Fig. 1, Fig. 6, in probe base, there is base 35, be arranged in the longitudinal sliding block 36 stretching into longitudinal chute of base bottom, base-mounted two slide bars 37.Two slide bars are equipped with Compress Spring 38 respectively.The seat of honour 39 is contained on two slide bars by the slide opening coordinated with two slide bars respectively.Deck 15 is positioned on the seat of honour.Be set up to be equipped with respectively at the slide bar upper and lower be positioned between base and the seat of honour and inhale sheet 40, electromagnet 41.Electromagnet is HZ10-10P/3 by wire by electro-magnet control switch 44(model) control.After electromagnet energising with inhale sheet and contact thus the Compress Spring compressed on slide bar drives probe to move downward, after turn-off current, electromagnet and suction sheet depart from, and rheostat probe was rebounded back originally highly by Compress Spring.
Probe base effect is fixed on support by rheostat measuring probe, probe base can slidably reciprocate in longitudinal chute of interior mobile rod support, simultaneously, interior mobile rod support can do the horizontal sliding perpendicular to probe base direction of motion on middle rotation rod support, and middle rotation rod support can drive probe base and interior mobile rod support to rotate around horizontal rotating shaft, as Fig. 1.
Interior mobile rod support is mainly used in supporting probe pedestal and determines that the X of tested point is to coordinate, and it is marked with millimeter rule range is also 300mm, thus has the measurement range of whole surveying instrument to be 300mm × 300mm.
Middle rotation rod support is the framework of a rigid solder, is provided with the millimeter rule that range is 300mm.Interior mobile rod support can slide in horizontal concrete chute thereon and be fixed on optional position by the identical scale of line; In addition extenal fixation bearing, middle rotation rod support are provided with horizontal rotating shaft, rod support center is rotated in hold-down support outside in horizontal rotating shaft position, rod support can have mercy on horizontal rotating shaft rotate, when measurement one has inclination angle rock mass discontinuity 45 waviness, probe on it can be made surperficial perpendicular to structural plane, thus reach more accurate measurement result (as Fig. 1, Fig. 7, Fig. 8).
See Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 7, rheostat measuring probe is that the main composition of this device has one of original paper, main principle of work is by probe and structural plane surface contact, structural plane rises and falls and drives probe shaft to move up and down, the length outside axle, insulated conduit being wound around resistance wire is converted, thus resistance value is changed, under rated voltage, resistance value R changes according to formula: I=U/R thereupon carrying electrical current value I changes, and the change of electric current is exported by screen.
As shown in Figure 7, in the measurements, rheostat probe and the structural plane point cantact of different waviness produce the difference Δ H that rises and falls, the Δ L thus the length of drive resistance wire changes, thus obtain corresponding current variation value Δ Ι by sensitive galvanometer.In Fig. 7, sequence number 26-1,26-2,46 is respectively non-energized part resistance wire, energized part resistance wire, reference field.
See Fig. 3 ~ Fig. 5, in conduction steel ball ring, steel ball is embedded in conducting ring and conductive resistance silk exact contact, electrical current forms closed-loop path with conduction steel ball after resistance wire, the steel ball that now conducts electricity is similar to electrified wire, top is conducted electricity resistance wire and the bottom resistance wire that is not energized and is completely cut off by steel ball ring of therefore conducting electricity, and electric current is by conduction steel ball and external wire outflow.Conduction steel ball ring entirety, by card 42 in a ring-type, is fixed on the inner side of probe case.Thus make conduction steel ball ring and probe case entirety produce Structure deformation with resistance wire.
It is 50mm that this rheostat measuring probe designs effective operating resistance wire coil length, and operating voltage regulates by voltage regulator.The maximum effective resistance value 214.798 of probe; Minimum effective resistance 75.319 Ω; Measure structure structure face waviness scope (0-50mm), device adopt DC current, by existing friendship direct current changeover plug carry out electric current conversion; Operating voltage range (1.5V-30v), electric current maximum changing value (55.864-159.324), the precision of instrument is ± (1%+2), horizontal unit traverse measurement interval 1mm.
[displacement Hi computation process is for selecting initial point to be reference point, if surveying instrument initial reading is I1, Moving Unit distance (Io=1mm) afterwards instrument readings is I2, then the current differential of twice reading is Δ I=I2-I1, then displacement becomes Δ Hi=Δ I*K (K is design factor) .]
The following advantage of steel ball ring tool is conducted electricity in the present invention:
(1) can contact comparatively closely with resistor, plastic yield and excessive fatigue deformation can not occur.
(2) when the electronic resistance wire rod of probe shaft moves up and down, steel ball can rotate with the motion of axle, farthest can reduce the friction of itself and resistance wire like this, thus the consumption reducing resistance wire extends its serviceable life, the systematic error caused because of resistance wire loss can also be reduced simultaneously.
(3) structure is simple, and material is easy to get, and reduces difficulty of processing.
As shown in Figure 1, by wire by probe and data collector CPD/94 type digital display current instruments 3 and digital three-dimensional Become the picture software (MATLAB/SURFER) and computing machine cooperating simultaneously, realize parameter acquiring and the three-dimensional visualization on structure and surface.
Above-described embodiment is further described foregoing of the present invention, but this should be interpreted as that the scope of the above-mentioned theme of the present invention is only limitted to above-described embodiment.All technology realized based on foregoing all belong to scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile, there is adjustable base seat support, rheostat measuring probe, control box, extenal fixation bearing is had in adjustable base seat support, middle rotation rod support, interior mobile rod support, probe base, middle rotation rod support is arranged in extenal fixation bearing, two horizontal rotating shafts to be contained in respectively in extenal fixation bearing two corresponding sides and to be each passed through middle rotation rod support corresponding edge and make middle rotation rod support rotate with two horizontal rotating shafts and be fixed by fixture, the middle relative two sides of rotation rod support there is the horizontal concrete chute being parallel to two horizontal rotating shaft axis respectively, the upper end of two transverse sliders be contained in respectively in two horizontal concrete chutes be each passed through interior mobile rod support corresponding end drive in mobile rod support transversely slide fixing by fixture, interior mobile rod support there is the longitudinal chute vertical with two horizontal concrete chutes, probe base to be contained on longitudinal chute and longitudinally slide and fixing, probe base there is at least one probe deck, by by conduction steel ball ring being laterally housed and the insulation shell that forms of the built-in insulation sleeve pipe that lower end snaps in insulating sleeve lower end by insulating sleeve and the upper end of dividing plate in rheostat measuring probe, insulation shell has probe shaft slideway vertically, probe shaft is arranged in probe shaft slideway and needle point stretches out outside built-in insulation sleeve pipe, spring cavity is had in built-in insulation sleeve pipe, be positioned at the first spring housing of spring cavity on probe shaft, have in insulating sleeve be contained in probe shaft top and with the insulation rod of probe shaft coaxial cable, insulation rod is wound with resistance wire coil and is through on conduction steel ball ring endoporus and contact with conduction steel ball, output lead is had on conduction steel ball ring top, input lead is arranged at resistance wire coil top, electric current exports from the input of resistance wire coil top from conduction steel ball ring thus forms closed-loop path, the latch coordinated with the probe deck on probe base is arranged at insulating sleeve bottom.
2. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that position equipped amount hornwork extenal fixation bearing being positioned at horizontal rotating shaft, on middle rotating stand, there is horizontal rule the position of relative horizontal concrete chute, and on interior mobile rod support, there is longitudinal rule the position of relatively longitudinal chute.
3. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that, between insulation rod upper end and insulating sleeve top, the second spring is housed.
4. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that the probe deck on probe base is three, and rheostat measuring probe is three, is contained on three probe decks respectively.
5. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that there is base in probe base, be arranged in the longitudinal sliding block stretching into longitudinal chute of base bottom, base-mounted two slide bars, two slide bars are equipped with Compress Spring respectively, the seat of honour is contained on two slide bars by the slide opening coordinated with two slide bars respectively, deck is positioned on the seat of honour, be positioned between base and the seat of honour at slide bar upper, upper/lower positions is equipped with suction sheet respectively, electromagnet, electromagnet is controlled by electro-magnet control switch by wire, contact with suction sheet after electromagnet energising, thus the Compress Spring on compression slide bar drives probe to move downward, after turn-off current, electromagnet departs from suction sheet, rheostat probe rebounds back highly original by Compress Spring.
6. adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that the adjustment hold-down nut that extenal fixation bearing surrounding is equipped with Level tune studdle respectively, coordinates with Level tune studdle extenal fixation bearing being equipped with spirit-leveling instrument.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310240415.1A CN103267477B (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | Adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201310240415.1A CN103267477B (en) | 2013-06-18 | 2013-06-18 | Adjustable rheostat structural plane apparatus for measuring three-dimensional profile |
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| CN103267477A CN103267477A (en) | 2013-08-28 |
| CN103267477B true CN103267477B (en) | 2015-08-05 |
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Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104501762B (en) * | 2014-12-18 | 2016-06-29 | 太原理工大学 | A kind of intelligent rock mass discontinuity topography measurement instrument |
| CN104613864B (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2017-04-26 | 湖南科技大学 | Rock mass structure surface relief amplitude measuring instrument and measuring method using measuring instrument |
| CN104849558B (en) * | 2015-05-28 | 2018-01-16 | 东莞华贝电子科技有限公司 | Impedance measures component, impedance measuring equipment and impedance method for measurement |
| CN105333813B (en) * | 2015-11-09 | 2017-12-29 | 适新科技（苏州）有限公司 | Separate sheet face profile detection means |
| CN106767659A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-05-31 | 武汉钢铁股份有限公司 | Automatic coarseness measuring apparatus |
| CN110081801A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2019-08-02 | 北京师范大学 | A kind of tidal creek microrelief develops in-situ monitoring device and method |
| CN112342851B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-11-02 | 中南大学 | Roughness measuring device and roughness measuring method for spreading layer of plate-type track |
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| US4516326A (en) * | 1984-01-12 | 1985-05-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Electronic depth gage |
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