CN110006322A - Testing apparatus for verticality and method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe - Google Patents
Testing apparatus for verticality and method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe Download PDFInfo
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- CN110006322A CN110006322A CN201910339431.3A CN201910339431A CN110006322A CN 110006322 A CN110006322 A CN 110006322A CN 201910339431 A CN201910339431 A CN 201910339431A CN 110006322 A CN110006322 A CN 110006322A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 54
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- 238000013480 data collection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 claims description 10
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 14
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/0023—Measuring of sport goods, e.g. bowling accessories, golfclubs, game balls
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
- G01B5/24—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes
- G01B5/245—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques for measuring angles or tapers; for testing the alignment of axes for testing perpendicularity
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Abstract
The invention discloses the testing apparatus for verticality and method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe, including the indicator for obtaining machine spindle straightness Assessment Curves, the clamping device for completing indicator and lathe axis connection, for providing the reference body of datum level for indicator, further including can be around the turntable that own axes rotate, the reference body setting is on the turntable, when the axis is vertical with plane locating for two linear axis of lathe, the reference body provides datum level for the indicator.The method is the application method of described device, using described device and method, not only can get the verticality between the movement of two linear axis of lathe, while adjustment, easy to operate, while can reduce influence of the benchmark right angle error to detection error.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geometric precision of machine tool detection technique fields, more particularly between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe
Testing apparatus for verticality and method.
Background technique
When accurate and ultra-precision machine tool geometric accuracy detects, the verticality between linear axis movement is must wherein detect one
A project, the traditional detection method of this geometric accuracy are to place marble square chi in detection zone, first adjust marble square chi
Long side it is parallel with a wherein linear axis, concrete mode is that indicator is placed in a fixed position, and indicator gauge head vertically touches
And marble square chi long side, manual setting square chi pose, making indicator display in square chi long side two sides, readings are consistent, then will refer to
Show that device is mounted on another straight line shaft moving part, indicator gauge head vertically touches square chi short side, the linear axis moving portion
When part moves within the scope of square chi short side specific length, the maximum difference of indicator display is testing result.This method exists
When adjustment square chi long side is parallel with linear axis, manual operations is needed, time-consuming, measurement very high to the skill requirement of survey crew
Time-consuming greatly for difficulty；Meanwhile the precision of measurement depends on the precision of this physical standard of square chi, measurement accuracy is low.
Summary of the invention
For when measuring for verticality, square chi pose adjustment difficulty is big, consumes between current lathe linear axis movement set forth above
The low problem of duration, precision, the present invention provides the testing apparatus for verticality and method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe.It adopts
With described device and method, the verticality between the movement of two linear axis of lathe not only can get, while adjustment, easy to operate, simultaneously
Influence of the benchmark right angle error to detection error can be reduced.
In view of the above-mentioned problems, testing apparatus for verticality and method between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement provided by the invention
It is solved the problems, such as by following technical essential: the testing apparatus for verticality between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe, including for obtaining
It obtains the indicator of machine spindle straightness Assessment Curves, the clamping device for completing indicator and lathe axis connection, be used for refer to
Show that device provides the reference body of datum level, further includes that can be arranged around the turntable that own axes rotate, the reference body in the turntable
On, when the axis is vertical with plane locating for two linear axis of lathe, the reference body provides datum level for the indicator.
In the present solution, the machine spindle is linear axis, and carrier of the turntable as the reference body, reference body conduct
The carrier of datum level, connector of the clamping device as machine spindle and indicator, in indicator with machine spindle linear motion
In, the gauge head of indicator is in contact with datum level always, in this way, fitting obtains straightness and comments according to the registration of reading pointer
Determine curve, by the curve, can be obtained angle of the corresponding linear axis relative to datum level.
Meanwhile this programme also discloses the measuring for verticality method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe, this method is based on
Device presented above, the method includes the following steps that sequence carries out:
A) device is installed: turntable being placed in the plane of tested two linear axis composition and fixed, turntable is located at tested two
Between linear axis, the axis of turntable is vertical with the plane；
Two linear axis is respectively defined as A axis and B axle, and indicator passes through clamping device and A axis connection, the survey of indicator
Head acts on the datum level of reference body；
C) linear movement A axis measures: locking turntable, move linearly A axis, acquires indicator in A axis motion process
Data, and during mobile A axis, indicator gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
D) turntable is rotated by 90 °, and is locked turntable, indicator is connected in B axle by clamping device, and the gauge head of indicator
Touch the datum level of reference body；
E) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle, the data of indicator in acquisition B axle motion process, and
During mobile B axle, indicator gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
F) turntable is rotated by 90 °: turntable is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), locks turntable, indicator is passed through folder
It holds device to be connected on A axis, and indicator gauge head touches the datum level of reference body；
G) linear movement A axis measures: linear movement A axis, the data of indicator in acquisition A axis motion process, and
During mobile A axis, indicator gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
H) turntable is rotated by 90 °: turntable is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), locks turntable, indicator is passed through folder
It holds device to be connected in B axle, and the gauge head of indicator touches the datum level of reference body；
I) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle, the data of indicator in acquisition B axle motion process, and
During mobile B axle, indicator gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
J) data processing: using the collected data of indicator institute in above step, the straight line of A axis, B axle movement is fitted
Assessment Curves are spent, respectively compared with two straight line between centers angles, the angle obtained between straightness Assessment Curves and datum level is αi(i
=1,2,3,4):
?
In formula, α is the practical angle of two straight line between centers；
About αi:
When i=1, α1For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in e) step and datum level；
When i=2, α2For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in g) step and datum level；
When i=3, α3For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in i) step and datum level；
When i=4, α4For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in c) step and datum level；
About βi:
When i=1, β1The actual corners degree rotated by d) step intermediate station；
When i=2, β2The actual corners degree rotated by f) step intermediate station；
When i=3, β3The actual corners degree rotated by h) step intermediate station；
When i=4, β4After completing turntable rotation in step h), turntable is revolved at this time with the direction of rotation in step d)
Turn, turns to and angle of rotation degree needed for step c) intermediate station status；
That is:
The error of perpendicularity may be expressed as:
As described above, being set as includes the turntable, it is intended to realize: converting benchmark right angle by 90 ° three times indexings, simultaneously
The exercise data of two linear axis is obtained using indicator, recycles the principle that algorithm above and circle closure error are zero to obtain two straight
Verticality between spool linear motion, is different from the scheme such as background technique introduction, and the method that this programme provides realizes that lathe is straight
Described device is depended between spool motion when measuring for verticality, but specific device adjusts there is no certainty or unique accurate position
The indicator set places posture, that is, solves the problems, such as pose adjustment of the datum level relative to linear axis, and there is no such as the prior art
In square chi pose adjustment difficulty it is big, time-consuming and precision is difficult to the problem of being guaranteed.
As in the present solution, about α is obtainedi, datum level need to only guarantee gauge head and datum level relative to the depth of parallelism of linear axis
Contact obtains straightness Assessment Curves to obtain αi, have no effect on final testing result；Draw into data handling procedure
β is enteredi, about as above to about βiRestriction it is recognized that while defining as d), f), h) rotational angle of step intermediate station is
90 °, but in practical operation, necessarily it cannot be guaranteed that the degree one that turntable is rotated to specific direction is set to after completing turntable rotation
90 °, while by β4Restriction, such as each turntable actual rotation, which is read, is respectively less than N ° compared to 90 °, then β4For (90+3N) °,
I.e.I.e. the rotation precision of turntable does not also influence final testing result.
That is the device and scheme of this programme offer, compared to the prior art:
Testing apparatus for verticality between the movement of two linear axis utilizes turntable and benchmark surface construction benchmark right angle, without as tradition
Physical standard is equally adjusted to exactly parallel with axis of movement by method, this programme dress, adjust it is convenient and efficient；
The measurement method of testing apparatus for verticality and verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides, by three times
90 ° of indexing conversion benchmark right angles, while using the exercise data of indicator two linear axis of acquisition, recycle algorithm above and circle to close
The verticality between the principle acquisition two linear axis movement that error is zero is closed, reduces benchmark right angle error to measuring for verticality error
Influence；
Testing apparatus for verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides is measuring two to the measurement method of verticality
The straightness of each autokinesis of two linear axis is also given while verticality between linear axis movement, measurement efficiency is high.
As those skilled in the art, above method is actually the user that apparatus above is used to complete measuring for verticality
Method not only can be used artificial mode and carry out, while also using computer and phase about the acquisition of above-mentioned data and data processing
Software is answered to be efficiently completed: when being carried out using manual type, according to registration of the indicator in corresponding linear axis linear motion,
About data processing, it can be one of least square method, Two endpoints line or minimum envelop method, can be obtained straightness
Assessment Curves then obtain the angle α between the Assessment Curves and datum leveli；About βi, after turntable is fixed, can manually adopt
Turntable actual rotation angle measurement is carried out with the mode of angle measurement unit.
Above that two linear axis are respectively defined as A axis and B axle as those skilled in the art, only actually is to two
Linear axis distinguishes, and two linear axis are usually respectively defined as X-axis and Y-axis in the prior art, but considers in the art,
X-axis and Y-axis are generally possible to correspond to specific linear axis, therefore use defined above, it is intended to limit the implementation of above method, such as walk
It is rapid c) not particularly for X-axis, also particularly for Y-axis, it may be assumed that if X-axis, as A axis, Y-axis is B axle, otherwise X-axis is as B axle, Y-axis
As A axis.
As the further technical solution of the testing apparatus for verticality:
Since the machining accuracy of the datum level influences αiError, to process reference body can independently of turntable, if
Be set to: the reference body is relative to the independent component of turntable, and reference body and the connection relationship of turntable are to be detachably connected.If
It is set to and is detachably connected, datum level is aloowed easily to be carried out flatness or flatness maintenance in service life.
As the concrete form of reference body, setting are as follows: the reference body is the leveling ruler being fixed on turntable table top, described
Face is vertical with the axis, and the datum level is the side of leveling ruler wherein side, and the datum level is vertical with the table top.It adopts
With this programme, when the table top of the turntable is horizontal plane, the datum level is vertical plane, in this way, cooperation is straight in the prior art
Spool specific form in space and the direction of motion, conveniently fit accurate straightness Assessment Curves.
Influence in view of datum level to measuring accuracy, this programme is in actual implementation, it is preferred to use above multiple steps
The datum level of middle restriction is the same face, but when in view of such as initial position, the datum level as described in c) step is benchmark body
Close to the side of A axis, after turntable rotates 180 °, for the straightness Assessment Curves for obtaining A axis, datum level is located at benchmark at this time
Side of the body far from A axis, to enable the gauge head that still can make indicator by the morphologic change of clamping device at this time
It acts on datum level, is arranged are as follows: the clamping device includes for the first fixture, one end and the first folder with lathe axis connection
The second bull stick that the first connected bull stick of tool, the transition piece for being connected to the first bull stick other end, one end are connected with transition piece connects
In the second fixture of the second bull stick other end, second fixture is used for link indicator, and the indicator all has for both ends
The dial gauge or amesdial of gauge outfit；
First bull stick is mutually perpendicular to the second bull stick, and the second bull stick can be rotated relative to the axis of the first bull stick；
It further include the locking piece locked for realizing the first bull stick and the second bull stick relative position；
On the axis direction of the first bull stick, indicator is adjustable relative to the position of the first fixture.In the present solution, by institute
Stating the first bull stick and the second bull stick is straight-bar, in the locking piece to the first bull stick and the second bull stick between the two without mutually about
Shu Shi, may make the second bull stick around the first bar rotation at the case where such as having rotated 180 degree for turntable, and the second bull stick from
It is rotated upward by holding to cross the upside of reference body, while adjusting position of the indicator relative to the first fixture: so that indicator
It is moved to the side far from A axis, then compared to the gauge outfit of the other side of step c) link indicator, at this point, can reach utilization
The purpose of same datum level.Preferably, the first bull stick and the first fixture clearance fit be may be configured as, screw thread company is gone back on the first fixture
It is connected to the lock-screw for fastening the first bull stick, one end of transition piece is fixedly connected with the first bull stick, the other end of transition piece
On be provided with bayonet, second bull stick one end is embedded in the bayonet, by be mounted on transition piece for constraining the bayonet
Hold-down bolt realization transition piece and the fastening of the second bull stick, the second fixture of size are also to be fixed using bayonet cooperation hold-down bolt
The scheme of indicator gauge outfit, but the bayonet gap on the second fixture is through-hole, indicator can be enabled as far as possible opposite in this way
It stretches out or draws close in the second fixture.
The technical solution of corresponding data processing can be rapidly completed by computer as one kind, further include data collection system
And data analysis system, the data collection system are connect with indicator data, data collection system is for acquiring indicator institute
Data, the data analysis system and data collection system data connection are obtained, data analysis system, which is used to acquire data, is
Obtained data of uniting are handled, and linear axis straightness Assessment Curves are fitted.
As a kind of technical solution for facilitating the rotation of control turntable and can directly exporting actual rotation angle, the turntable is
The electrical turntable of direction of rotation, rotation angle and the practical rotation angle of output can be set.Preferably, the turntable and number are set as
According to acquisition system data connection, initial data can be directly read to be quickly obtained detection in this way, may make the present apparatus integrally and have
As a result the characteristics of.
As the further technical solution of measuring for verticality method, as described above, moving along a straight line in each linear axis
During acquiring data by indicator, although need to only guarantee the gauge head and benchmark face contact of indicator, consider
If linear axis move distance itself is longer or angle between datum level and the linear axis of movement is excessive, this requires that indicator
Range it is larger, and existing more accurate dial gauge or amesdial, maximum range are typically only even several millimeters of tens of milliseconds,
In view of existing indicator is to the factor of the implementation convenience of this programme, setting are as follows: further include positioned at step a) and c) between
Step b):
In servomechanism process, b) device adjustment: linear movement A axis, the indicating value variation of sight indicator pass through rotating table
So that the datum level of reference body is parallel with A axis on the entire stroke of A axis.
It is influenced to reduce datum level mismachining tolerance to brought by test result, setting are as follows: the datum level in each step is equal
For same datum level.
It is influenced to reduce datum level mismachining tolerance to brought by test result, setting are as follows: in step c), record instruction
What device gauge head streaked on datum level rise, stop bit sets；
In step e), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what indicator gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c)；
In step g), on the mobile entire stroke of A axis, what indicator gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c)；
In step i), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what indicator gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c).
Preferably, it is arranged are as follows: described turntable itself has locking function and rotation actual angle output function；
The precision of the indicator is better than 0.5 μm；
The reference body is adopted as 0 grade of leveling ruler, and the measurement side flatness as datum level is base less than 3.5 μm
Less than 8 μm, two measurement sides can be used as datum level for the measurement side in quasi- face and adjacent edge verticality, and the depth of parallelism on two measurement sides is
5.3μm；The positioning accuracy of turntable is 2 ".
The invention has the following advantages:
Using this programme, the testing apparatus for verticality between the movement of two linear axis is straight using turntable and benchmark surface construction benchmark
Angle, it is not necessary that physical standard is adjusted to exactly parallel with axis of movement as conventional method, this programme dress, adjust it is convenient and efficient；
The measurement method of testing apparatus for verticality and verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides, by three times
90 ° of indexing conversion benchmark right angles, while using the exercise data of indicator two linear axis of acquisition, recycle algorithm above and circle to close
The verticality between the principle acquisition two linear axis movement that error is zero is closed, reduces benchmark right angle error to measuring for verticality error
Influence；
Testing apparatus for verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides is measuring two to the measurement method of verticality
The straightness of each autokinesis of two linear axis is also given while verticality between linear axis movement, measurement efficiency is high.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is one specific embodiment of testing apparatus for verticality between a kind of two linear axis of lathe movement of the present invention
Structural schematic diagram.
Figure acceptance of the bid note is respectively as follows: 1, turntable, 2, reference body, 3, positioning pin, 4, indicator, 5, clamping device, and 6, data adopt
Collecting system, 7, data analysis system.
Specific embodiment
Below with reference to embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, but the present invention is not limited only to following implementation
Example:
Embodiment 1:
As shown in Figure 1, the testing apparatus for verticality between a kind of two linear axis of lathe movement, including it is straight for obtaining machine spindle
The indicator 4 of dimension Assessment Curves, the clamping device 5 for completing indicator 4 and lathe axis connection, for being mentioned for indicator 4
It further include that can be arranged on the turntable 1 around the turntable 1 that own axes rotate, the reference body 2 for the reference body 2 of datum level,
When the axis is vertical with plane locating for two linear axis of lathe, the reference body 2 is that the indicator 4 provides datum level.
In the present solution, the machine spindle is linear axis, and carrier of the turntable 1 as the reference body 2, reference body 2
As the carrier of datum level, connector of the clamping device 5 as machine spindle and indicator 4 is transported in indicator 4 with machine spindle straight line
During dynamic, the gauge head of indicator 4 is in contact with datum level always, in this way, according to the registration of reading pointer 4, fitting is obtained
Straightness Assessment Curves can be obtained angle of the corresponding linear axis relative to datum level by the curve.
Meanwhile this programme also discloses the measuring for verticality method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe, this method is based on
Device presented above, the method includes the following steps that sequence carries out:
A) device is installed: turntable 1 being placed in the plane of tested two linear axis composition and fixed, turntable 1 is located at tested
Between two linear axis, the axis of turntable 1 is vertical with the plane；
Two linear axis is respectively defined as A axis and B axle, and indicator 4 passes through clamping device 5 and A axis connection, indicator 4
Gauge head act on the datum level of reference body 2；
C) linear movement A axis measures: locking turntable 1, move linearly A axis, acquires indicator 4 in A axis motion process
Data, and during mobile A axis, 4 gauge head of indicator is in contact with datum level always；
D) turntable 1 is rotated by 90 °, and locks turntable 1, indicator 4 is connected in B axle by clamping device 5, and indicator 4
Gauge head touch the datum level of reference body 2；
E) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle, the data of indicator 4 in acquisition B axle motion process, and
During mobile B axle, 4 gauge head of indicator is in contact with datum level always；
F) turntable 1 is rotated by 90 °: turntable 1 is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), locks turntable 1, indicator 4 is led to
It crosses clamping device 5 to be connected on A axis, and 4 gauge head of indicator touches the datum level of reference body 2；
G) linear movement A axis measures: linear movement A axis, the data of indicator 4 in acquisition A axis motion process, and
During mobile A axis, 4 gauge head of indicator is in contact with datum level always；
H) turntable 1 is rotated by 90 °: turntable 1 is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), locks turntable 1, indicator 4 is led to
It crosses clamping device 5 to be connected in B axle, and the gauge head of indicator 4 touches the datum level of reference body 2；
I) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle, the data of indicator 4 in acquisition B axle motion process, and
During mobile B axle, 4 gauge head of indicator is in contact with datum level always；
J) data processing: using the 4 collected data of institute of indicator in above step, fit A axis, B axle movement it is straight
Dimension Assessment Curves, respectively compared with two straight line between centers angles, the angle obtained between straightness Assessment Curves and datum level is αi
(i=1,2,3,4):
?
In formula, α is the practical angle of two straight line between centers；
About αi:
When i=1, α1For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in e) step and datum level；
When i=2, α2For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in g) step and datum level；
When i=3, α3For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in i) step and datum level；
When i=4, α4For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in c) step and datum level；
About βi:
When i=1, β1The actual corners degree rotated by d) step intermediate station 1；
When i=2, β2The actual corners degree rotated by f) step intermediate station 1；
When i=3, β3The actual corners degree rotated by h) step intermediate station 1；
When i=4, β4After completing the rotation of turntable 1 in step h), turntable 1 is carried out at this time with the direction of rotation in step d)
Rotation, turns to and angle of rotation degree needed for 1 status of step c) intermediate station；
That is:
The error of perpendicularity may be expressed as:
As described above, being set as includes the turntable 1, it is intended to realize: converting benchmark right angle by 90 ° three times indexings, together
Shi Liyong indicator 4 obtains the exercise data of two linear axis, and the principle that algorithm above and circle closure error are zero is recycled to obtain
Verticality between two linear axis linear motion, is different from the scheme such as background technique introduction, and the method that this programme provides realizes machine
Described device is depended between bed linear axis moves when measuring for verticality, but specific device adjusts there is no certainty or unique standard
The indicator 4 of true position places posture, that is, solves the problems, such as pose adjustment of the datum level relative to linear axis, and there is no such as existing
Square chi pose adjustment difficulty in technology is big, time-consuming and precision is difficult to the problem of being guaranteed.
As in the present solution, about α is obtainedi, datum level need to only guarantee gauge head and datum level relative to the depth of parallelism of linear axis
Contact obtains straightness Assessment Curves to obtain αi, have no effect on final testing result；Draw into data handling procedure
β is enteredi, about as above to about βiRestriction it is recognized that while defining as d), f), h) rotational angle of step intermediate station 1 is equal
It is 90 °, but in practical operation, necessarily it cannot be guaranteed that completing after turntable 1 rotates, degree one that turntable 1 is rotated to specific direction
It is set to 90 °, while by β4Restriction, such as each 1 actual rotation of turntable, which is read, is respectively less than N ° compared to 90 °, then β4For (90+
3N) °, i.e.,I.e. the rotation precision of turntable 1 does not also influence final testing result.
That is the device and scheme of this programme offer, compared to the prior art:
Testing apparatus for verticality between the movement of two linear axis utilizes turntable 1 and benchmark surface construction benchmark right angle, without as passing
Physical standard is equally adjusted to exactly parallel with axis of movement by system method, this programme dress, adjust it is convenient and efficient；
The measurement method of testing apparatus for verticality and verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides, by three times
90 ° of indexing conversion benchmark right angles, while using the exercise data of two linear axis of acquisition of indicator 4, recycle algorithm above and circle
The principle that closure error is zero obtains the verticality between the movement of two linear axis, reduces benchmark right angle error and misses to measuring for verticality
The influence of difference；
Testing apparatus for verticality between the two linear axis movement that this programme provides is measuring two to the measurement method of verticality
The straightness of each autokinesis of two linear axis is also given while verticality between linear axis movement, measurement efficiency is high.
As those skilled in the art, above method is actually the user that apparatus above is used to complete measuring for verticality
Method not only can be used artificial mode and carry out, while also using computer and phase about the acquisition of above-mentioned data and data processing
Software is answered to be efficiently completed: when carrying out using manual type, according to the showing in corresponding linear axis linear motion of indicator 4
Number, about data processing, can be one of least square method, Two endpoints line or minimum envelop method, can be obtained straight
Dimension Assessment Curves then obtain the angle α between the Assessment Curves and datum leveli；About βi, can after turntable 1 is fixed
1 actual rotation angle measurement of turntable is manually carried out by the way of angle measurement unit.
Above that two linear axis are respectively defined as A axis and B axle as those skilled in the art, only actually is to two
Linear axis distinguishes, and two linear axis are usually respectively defined as X-axis and Y-axis in the prior art, but considers in the art,
X-axis and Y-axis are generally possible to correspond to specific linear axis, therefore use defined above, it is intended to limit the implementation of above method, such as walk
It is rapid c) not particularly for X-axis, also particularly for Y-axis, it may be assumed that if X-axis, as A axis, Y-axis is B axle；Otherwise X-axis is as B axle, Y-axis
As A axis.
Embodiment 2:
The present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 1, as shown in Figure 1, filling as the measuring for verticality
Set further technical solution:
Since the machining accuracy of the datum level influences αiError, to process reference body 2 can independently of turntable 1,
Setting are as follows: the reference body 2 is relative to the independent component of turntable 1, and reference body 2 and the connection relationship of turntable 1 are detachable
Connection.It is set as being detachably connected, datum level is aloowed easily to be carried out flatness or flatness in service life
Maintenance.Described be detachably connected is preferably arranged to be connected using the more positioning pins 3 along the arrangement of 2 length direction of reference body
It connects, in this way compared to being bolted, welding, being bonded, not only can guarantee quality of connection, while can avoid reference body 2 or turntable 1
Transition stress (being bolted generated pulling force, pressure, thermal deformation caused by sweating heat when welding) and cause the present apparatus
Detection accuracy reduces.
As the concrete form of reference body 2, setting are as follows: the reference body 2 is the leveling ruler being fixed on 1 table top of turntable, institute
State that table top is vertical with the axis, the datum level is the side of leveling ruler wherein side, and the datum level and the table top hang down
Directly.Using this programme, when the table top of the turntable 1 is horizontal plane, the datum level is vertical plane, in this way, cooperating existing skill
Linear axis specific form in space and the direction of motion, conveniently fit accurate straightness Assessment Curves in art.
Influence in view of datum level to measuring accuracy, this programme is in actual implementation, it is preferred to use above multiple steps
The datum level of middle restriction is the same face, but when in view of such as initial position, the datum level as described in c) step is benchmark body 2
Close to the side of A axis, after turntable 1 rotates 180 °, for the straightness Assessment Curves for obtaining A axis, datum level is located at base at this time
Quasi- side of the body 2 far from A axis, to make that the gauge head of indicator 4 still can be made by the morphologic change of clamping device 5 at this time
Can act on datum level, be arranged are as follows: the clamping device 5 include for lathe axis connection the first fixture, one end with
Be connected with transition piece second turn of the first connected bull stick of first fixture, the transition piece for being connected to the first bull stick other end, one end
Bar, the second fixture for being connected to the second bull stick other end, second fixture are used for link indicator 4, and the indicator 4 is two
End all has the dial gauge or amesdial of gauge outfit；
First bull stick is mutually perpendicular to the second bull stick, and the second bull stick can be rotated relative to the axis of the first bull stick；
It further include the locking piece locked for realizing the first bull stick and the second bull stick relative position；
On the axis direction of the first bull stick, indicator 4 is adjustable relative to the position of the first fixture.In the present solution, due to
First bull stick and the second bull stick are straight-bar, in the locking piece to the first bull stick and the second bull stick between the two without mutually
When constraint, the case where such as having rotated 180 degree for turntable 1, it may make the second bull stick around the first bar rotation, and the second bull stick
Free end is rotated upward to cross the upside of reference body, while adjusting position of the indicator 4 relative to the first fixture: so that instruction
Device 4 is moved to the side far from A axis, then compared to the gauge outfit of the other side of step c) link indicator 4, at this point, can reach
Utilize the purpose of same datum level.Preferably, the first bull stick and the first fixture clearance fit be may be configured as, go back spiral shell on the first fixture
Line is connected with lock-screw for fastening the first bull stick, one end of transition piece is fixedly connected with the first bull stick, transition piece it is another
Bayonet is provided on one end, second bull stick one end is embedded in the bayonet, described for constraining on transition piece by being mounted on
The hold-down bolt of bayonet size realizes transition piece and the fastening of the second bull stick, the second fixture are also to cooperate hold-down bolt using bayonet
The scheme of fixed 4 gauge outfit of indicator, but the bayonet gap on the second fixture is through-hole, can enable indicator 4 as far as possible in this way
It is enough to stretch out or draw close relative to the second fixture.
The technical solution of corresponding data processing can be rapidly completed by computer as one kind, further include data collection system
6 and data analysis system 7, the data collection system 6 and 4 data connection of indicator, data collection system 6 is for acquiring instruction
The obtained data of device 4, the data analysis system 7 and 6 data connection of data collection system, data analysis system 7 are used for logarithm
It is handled according to the obtained data of acquisition system 6, fits linear axis straightness Assessment Curves.
As a kind of technical solution for facilitating the rotation of control turntable 1 and can directly exporting actual rotation angle, the turntable 1
For the electrical turntable that can set direction of rotation, rotation angle and the practical rotation angle of output.Preferably, it is set as the turntable 1
With 6 data connection of data collection system, initial data can be directly read in this way, may make the present apparatus integrally and have to be quickly obtained
The characteristics of testing result.
Embodiment 3:
The present embodiment is further qualified on the basis of embodiment 1, further as the testing apparatus for verticality
Technical solution: as described above, during each linear axis linear motion acquires data by indicator 4, although only needing to protect
The gauge head and benchmark face contact of indicator 4 are demonstrate,proved, if but considering longer linear axis move distance itself or datum level and fortune
Angle between dynamic linear axis is excessive, this requires that the range of indicator 4 is larger, and existing more accurate dial gauge or
Amesdial, maximum range are typically only even several millimeters of tens of milliseconds, it is contemplated that existing indicator 4 is convenient to the implementation of this programme
Property factor, setting are as follows: further include positioned at step a) and c) between step b):
In servomechanism process, b) device adjustment: linear movement A axis, the indicating value variation of sight indicator 4 are turned by rotation
Platform 1 makes the datum level of the reference body 2 on the entire stroke of A axis parallel with A axis.
It is influenced to reduce datum level mismachining tolerance to brought by test result, setting are as follows: the datum level in each step is equal
For same datum level.
It is influenced to reduce datum level mismachining tolerance to brought by test result, setting are as follows: in step c), record instruction
What 4 gauge head of device streaked on datum level rise, stop bit sets；
In step e), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what 4 gauge head of indicator streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c)；
In step g), on the mobile entire stroke of A axis, what 4 gauge head of indicator streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c)；
In step i), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what 4 gauge head of indicator streaked on datum level risen, stop bit set with
Rising, stopping position consistency in step c).
The above content is combine specific preferred embodiment to the further description of the invention made, and it cannot be said that originally
The specific embodiment of invention is only limited to these instructions.For those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs,
The other embodiments obtained in the case where not departing from technical solution of the present invention, should be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the testing apparatus for verticality between a kind of two linear axis of lathe movement, including for obtaining machine spindle straightness Assessment Curves
Indicator (4), the clamping device (5) for completing indicator (4) and lathe axis connection, for for indicator (4) provide base
The reference body (2) in quasi- face, which is characterized in that further including can be around the turntable (1) that own axes rotate, reference body (2) setting
On the turntable (1), when the axis is vertical with plane locating for two linear axis of lathe, the reference body (2) is the finger
Show that device (4) provide datum level.
2. the testing apparatus for verticality between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating reference body (2) is relative to turntable (1) independent component, and reference body (2) and the connection relationship of turntable (1) is detachably connect
It connects.
3. the testing apparatus for verticality between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 2, which is characterized in that institute
Stating reference body (2) is the leveling ruler being fixed on turntable (1) table top, and the table top is vertical with the axis, and the datum level is flat
The side of ruler wherein side, and the datum level is vertical with the table top.
4. the testing apparatus for verticality between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Clamping device (5) is stated to include for first bull stick connected with the first fixture with the first fixture of lathe axis connection, one end, connect
The second bull stick for being connected with transition piece in the transition piece of the first bull stick other end, one end is connected to the of the second bull stick other end
Two fixtures, second fixture be used for link indicator (4), the indicator (4) be both ends all have gauge outfit dial gauge or
Amesdial；
First bull stick is mutually perpendicular to the second bull stick, and the second bull stick can be rotated relative to the axis of the first bull stick；
It further include the locking piece locked for realizing the first bull stick and the second bull stick relative position；
On the axis direction of the first bull stick, indicator (4) is adjustable relative to the position of the first fixture.
5. the testing apparatus for verticality between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that also
Including data collection system (6) and data analysis system (7), the data collection system (6) and indicator (4) data connection,
Data collection system (6) is for acquiring indicator (4) obtained data, the data analysis system (7) and data collection system
(6) data connection, data analysis system (7) fit straight line for handling data collection system (6) obtained data
Axis straightness Assessment Curves.
6. the testing apparatus for verticality between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 1, which is characterized in that institute
Stating turntable (1) is the electrical turntable that can set direction of rotation, rotation angle and the practical rotation angle of output.
7. the measuring for verticality method between a kind of movement of two linear axis of lathe, which is characterized in that this method be based on claim 1 to
Device provided by any one of 6, the method includes the following steps that sequence carries out:
A) device is installed: turntable (1) being placed in the plane of tested two linear axis composition and fixed, turntable (1) is located at tested
Between two linear axis, the axis of turntable (1) is vertical with the plane；
Two linear axis is respectively defined as A axis and B axle, and indicator (4) passes through clamping device and A axis connection, indicator (4)
Gauge head acts on the datum level of reference body (2)；
C) linear movement A axis measures: locking turntable (1), move linearly A axis, acquires indicator (4) in A axis motion process
Data, and during mobile A axis, indicator (4) gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
D) turntable (1) is rotated by 90 °, and is locked turntable (1), and indicator (4) are connected in B axle by clamping device (5), and indicates
The gauge head of device (4) touches the datum level of reference body (2)；
E) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle acquires the data of indicator (4) in B axle motion process, and is moving
During dynamic B axle, indicator (4) gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
F) turntable (1) is rotated by 90 °: turntable (1) is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), is locked turntable (1), by indicator
(4) it is connected on A axis by clamping device (5), and indicator (4) gauge head touches the datum level of reference body (2)；
G) linear movement A axis measures: linear movement A axis acquires the data of indicator (4) in A axis motion process, and is moving
During dynamic A axis, indicator (4) gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
H) turntable (1) is rotated by 90 °: turntable (1) is rotated by 90 ° with the direction of rotation in step d), is locked turntable (1), by indicator
(4) it is connected in B axle by clamping device (5), and the gauge head of indicator (4) touches the datum level of reference body (2)；
I) linear movement B axle measures: linear movement B axle acquires the data of indicator (4) in B axle motion process, and is moving
During dynamic B axle, indicator (4) gauge head is in contact with datum level always；
J) data processing: using the collected data of indicator (4) institute in above step, the straight line of A axis, B axle movement is fitted
Assessment Curves are spent, respectively compared with two straight line between centers angles, the angle obtained between straightness Assessment Curves and datum level is αi(i
=1,2,3,4):
?
In formula, α is the practical angle of two straight line between centers；
About αi:
When i=1, α1For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in e) step and datum level；
When i=2, α2For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in g) step and datum level；
When i=3, α3For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in i) step and datum level；
When i=4, α4For the angle between the straightness Assessment Curves obtained of data in c) step and datum level；
About βi:
When i=1, β1By the actual corners degree that d) step intermediate station (1) rotates；
When i=2, β2By the actual corners degree that f) step intermediate station (1) rotates；
When i=3, β3By the actual corners degree that h) step intermediate station (1) rotates；
When i=4, β4After completing turntable (1) rotation in step h), turntable (1) is revolved at this time with the direction of rotation in step d)
Turn, turns to and angle of rotation degree needed for step c) intermediate station (1) status；
That is:
The error of perpendicularity may be expressed as:
8. the measuring for verticality method between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 7, which is characterized in that also
Including be located at step a) and c) between step b):
B) device adjusts: linear movement A axis, and the indicating value variation of sight indicator (4) is made whole in A axis by rotating table (1)
The datum level of reference body (2) is parallel with A axis on a stroke.
9. the measuring for verticality method between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 7, which is characterized in that each
Datum level in step is same datum level.
10. the measuring for verticality method between two linear axis of a kind of lathe movement according to claim 8, which is characterized in that
In step c), what recording indicator (4) gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit sets；
In step e), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what indicator (4) gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit is set and walked
It is rapid c) in rise, only position consistency；
In step g), on the mobile entire stroke of A axis, what indicator (4) gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit is set and walked
It is rapid c) in rise, only position consistency；
In step i), on the mobile entire stroke of B axle, what indicator (4) gauge head streaked on datum level risen, stop bit is set and walked
It is rapid c) in rise, only position consistency.
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| CN112880530A (en) * | 2021-02-08 | 2021-06-01 | 杭州爱科科技股份有限公司 | Perpendicularity and straightness detection tool convenient to align and working method thereof |
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