CN112342851B - Roughness measuring device and roughness measuring method for spreading layer of plate-type track - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a roughness measuring device and a roughness measuring method for a spreading layer of a plate-type track, wherein the device comprises a frame and a measuring assembly, a first moving assembly and a second moving assembly are arranged between the measuring assembly and the frame, the measuring assembly moves in the frame along an X axis through the first moving assembly, and the measuring assembly moves in the frame along a Y axis through the second moving assembly; the measuring assembly comprises a probe capable of moving along the vertical direction and a depth meter capable of displaying the movement amount of the probe; the measuring method is realized by the device. When the device is used, the device can be conveniently adjusted to be in a state of being completely parallel to the surface to be measured, continuous measurement of all positions of the surface to be measured can be realized, the measured data is displayed on external electronic equipment in real time, manual or automatic recording of coordinates and roughness can be selected, the measurement efficiency is improved, the obtained data can completely reflect the roughness distribution of the surface to be measured, and the measurement error and the labor cost are greatly reduced.

Description

Roughness measuring device and roughness measuring method for spreading layer of plate-type track

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rail transit, in particular to a plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring device and a plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring method.

Background

The rapid development of the rail transit industry not only drives the economic rapid promotion, but also greatly improves the life quality of people. In the field of track engineering, ballastless tracks are applied in a large scale with the characteristics of high smoothness, high stability and less maintenance, so that the fine research on the performance of the ballastless tracks becomes the key point in the field of track engineering.

The novel ballastless track structure system comprises components such as a track slab, a vibration damping cushion layer, a concrete spreading layer and the like. With the increase of the surface roughness of the paving layer of the slab ballastless track, the surface tension borne by the track slab is gradually increased under the action of the train load, and when the roughness reaches a certain value, the track structure may be damaged by tension. Therefore, in the process of casting the paving layer of the track slab on site, the surface roughness of the paving layer needs to be strictly controlled, and the existing roughness measuring device has the following problems in the use process:

(1) the existing measuring device can not be completely parallel to the surface to be measured, and unnecessary errors are brought to the finally measured roughness data;

(2) the existing measuring device can not realize continuous measurement, generally random measurement is carried out by selecting sampling points, the measuring mode has larger error, if smaller error is pursued, the number of the sampling points needs to be increased, certain randomness still exists, and the operation is more complicated;

(3) the existing measuring device needs manual recording of coordinate points and roughness, is complicated in work, long in measuring time consumption, incapable of realizing real-time display of measured data on equipment such as a computer and not beneficial to subsequent processing of the data;

(4) the movement of the existing measuring device on the surface to be measured is limited, and the measuring probe is required to be lifted up and moved after the measurement of one point is completed, so that the operation is complex, and the measuring efficiency is greatly reduced.

Therefore, a method and a device for evaluating the performance of a plate-type ballastless track based on a spreading layer surface roughness test are urgently needed, and the method and the device are used for accurately monitoring the surface roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type ballastless track so as to improve the construction quality and serve the track traffic industry of China.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art and provide a plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring device and a plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring method, wherein the plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring device can conveniently keep the parallelism of the plate-type rail spreading layer roughness measuring device and a surface to be measured, can realize continuous measurement, is convenient for processing measured data, can completely reflect the roughness of the plate-type rail spreading layer, greatly improves the measuring efficiency, and reduces the labor and time consumption; the method for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type rail is simple and easy to implement, and can completely reflect the roughness distribution of the spreading layer of the plate-type rail.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a plate-type track spreading layer roughness measuring device comprises a frame and a measuring assembly, wherein a first moving assembly and a second moving assembly are arranged between the measuring assembly and the frame, the measuring assembly moves in the frame along an X axis through the first moving assembly, and the measuring assembly moves in the frame along a Y axis through the second moving assembly; the measuring assembly includes a probe movable in a vertical direction and a depth gauge indicating the amount of movement of the probe.

The design idea of the technical scheme is that the measuring assembly can conveniently reach any position inside the frame through the two moving assemblies, and the roughness of the slab-type track paving layer at the position can be measured through the probe and the depth gauge of the measuring assembly, so that the roughness distribution of the slab-type track paving layer is obtained, and the performance parameters of the slab-type track paving layer are evaluated.

As above-mentioned technical scheme's preferred, the frame is square structure, and the frame is provided with a plurality of height-adjustable's supporting leg, is connected with the horizontal pole between the supporting leg, and all is provided with the spirit level on every edge of frame and every horizontal pole. Generally, a roughness measuring device is provided with a level gauge, but the level gauge is usually arranged on the side surface or the surface of a frame, and when a supporting leg of the measuring device is adjusted to enable the measuring device to be completely parallel to a surface to be measured, the level gauge cannot completely reflect the inclination condition of the measuring device, so that errors are easy to occur; the invention sets several gradienters on the cross bar between the supporting legs and each side of the frame, when in use, after the device is put on the rail, the geometric position of the four supporting legs is determined, so the gradienters on the cross bar can completely reflect the direction of the measured plane, the gradienters on the upper frame can change along with the adjustment of the four supporting legs, the user can ensure that the gradienters on the four frames are completely the same with the graduations of the gradienters on the corresponding cross bar by adjusting the supporting legs, thus the frame can be ensured to be parallel to the measured plane no matter in the horizontal or vertical direction, therefore, the invention can completely reflect the inclination angle of the measuring device by the several gradienters, and can simply adjust the measuring device to be completely parallel to the surface to be measured.

Preferably, the first moving assembly comprises a first moving groove and a test bench arranged on the frame, the measuring assembly is mounted on the test bench, and the test bench slides in the first moving groove. The measuring assembly can conveniently move along the X axis in the frame through the slidable test rack, so that the roughness distribution of all positions of the plate type rail paving layer is obtained, and the performance of the plate type rail paving layer is evaluated.

Preferably, the test bench is provided with a first scale pointer, and the frame is provided with a first scale which can display the position of the first scale pointer and the test bench along the X axis in the frame. The scale is arranged on the frame, and the pointer is connected to the test rack, so that a user can conveniently record the relative position of the current test rack in the frame, and the recording and data processing are facilitated.

Preferably, the second moving device comprises a second moving groove and a turntable moving mechanism which are arranged on the test bench, the turntable moving mechanism comprises a turntable, a connecting rod, a power transmission rod and a pulley, the pulley is connected to the bottom of the measurement assembly through the connecting rod, the pulley slides in the second moving groove, a gear is fixed on the connecting rod, the gear is meshed with the power transmission rod, and the connecting rod and the pulley are driven to rotate along with the rotation of the power transmission rod; one end of the power transmission rod is fixed with the turntable. The design of the invention drives the measuring component to move by rotating the turntable, and a user can select to manually move in a coarse range or finely adjust the coordinate movement by using the turntable according to specific use conditions, thereby being beneficial to improving the accuracy of data and ensuring the reliability and effectiveness of experimental results.

Preferably, the turntable is provided with a second dial gauge capable of displaying the position of the measuring assembly along the Y axis in the frame. The invention establishes the corresponding relation between the rotation quantity of the turntable and the position of the measuring assembly in the frame along the Y axis, can conveniently and accurately read the coordinates of the measuring assembly and is convenient for recording and processing roughness data.

As the optimization of the technical scheme, the depth gauge, the first scale gauge and the second scale gauge display the numerical values through the electronic display screen, and the electronic display screen of the depth gauge, the first scale gauge and the second scale gauge is in communication connection with the electronic equipment and sends the numerical values to the electronic equipment. The depth gauge, the first scale table and the second scale table display data through the electronic display screen, and design it can upload and send data to electronic equipment, can realize the measurement component coordinate, roughness data under this coordinate shows on electronic equipment in real time, still can realize the continuous measurement of roughness data, the user only needs the continuous movement measurement subassembly can obtain the roughness data of all positions of the surface that awaits measuring, need not to select several sampling points again to measure, can establish complete surface roughness distribution diagram that awaits measuring, measuring error and the manual operation degree of difficulty have been reduced greatly.

Preferably, the probe tip of the measuring component is a rollable ball structure. The probe tip of the measuring component is designed into a rolling ball structure, so that the smoothness of the measuring component in moving can be guaranteed, the probe card is prevented from being clamped on the surface to be measured, and the service life of the probe and the side face component is prolonged.

Based on the same technical concept, the invention also provides a method for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type track, which uses the device for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type track in the technical scheme to measure, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning a measuring device around a plate type rail spreading layer structure to be measured;

(2) acquiring roughness orientation data (Xi, Yi, Zi) by a measuring device;

(3) and obtaining a surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) by utilizing engineering drawing software, and importing the surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) into finite element software to carry out three-dimensional modeling, so as to obtain a roughness displacement diagram of the spreading layer of the plate-type track.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:

(1) when the measuring device is used, the measuring device can conveniently adjust the measuring device to be in a state of being completely parallel to the surface to be measured, continuous measurement of all positions of the surface to be measured can be realized, the measured data are displayed on external electronic equipment in real time, manual or electronic recording on coordinates and roughness can be selected, the data are convenient to process, the measuring efficiency is improved, the obtained data can completely reflect the roughness distribution of the surface to be measured, and the measuring error and the labor cost are greatly reduced;

(2) the measuring method can conveniently and completely construct the roughness distribution of the surface to be measured, namely the spreading layer of the plate-type track, and has the advantages of simple operation and high measuring efficiency.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring roughness of a paved layer of a plate-type rail in embodiment 1;

FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural diagram of the device for measuring the roughness of a paved layer of a plate-type rail in embodiment 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of a test bench of example 1;

FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing a positional structure of a test stage and a measuring unit according to example 1;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of a high-motion linkage tube of the measurement assembly of example 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a measuring unit according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 7 is a schematic configuration diagram of a rotating mechanism according to embodiment 1;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural view of a support leg of embodiment 1;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural view of the support leg of embodiment 1;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of the support leg of embodiment 1;

FIG. 11 is an exploded view of the support leg of embodiment 1;

fig. 12 is a schematic view of the measurement assembly of embodiment 1 measuring a surface to be measured.

Illustration of the drawings:

1. a surface to be measured; 11. a first electronic display screen; 12. a second electronic display screen; 13. a third electronic display screen; 2. a frame; 21. a level gauge; 22. a first moving slot; 23. a first scale; 24. a first scale pointer; 3. a test bench; 31. a roller fixing frame; 32. a roller shaft; 33. a rack pulley; 34. moving the control lever; 35. a second moving slot; 4. a measurement assembly; 41. a mobile station; 42. a rectangular placing rack; 43. a magnifying glass; 44. an upper buckle plate; 45. a buckle plate connecting column; 46. a rotating connection box; 47. a connecting rod; 48. a gear; 49. a pulley; 5. a height measurement box; 51. a high activity linkage pipe; 52. a high-precision straight connecting rod; 53. a probe; 54. a power transmission rod; 55. a turntable; 56. a depth meter; 57. a second scale table; 58. a second scale pointer; 6. supporting legs; 61. a threaded rod sleeve; 62. an elastic rotating shaft; 63. a C-shaped control rod; 64. a horizontal connecting rod; 65. a multi-directional adjustment shaft; 66. a multi-section pumping and adjusting box; 67. drawing the plate; 68. a horizontal adjusting rod; 69. a cylindrical sleeve; 7. a threaded rod; 71. an adjustable tooth leg; 72. a base; 73. a first threaded hole; 74. an aperture; 75. a second threaded hole; 8. an L-shaped connecting plate; 81. a spring; 82. a third scale pointer; 9. a cross bar.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1-12, the plate-type track paving layer surface roughness measuring device of the embodiment includes a rectangular frame 2, first moving grooves 22 are disposed on two opposite side surfaces of the frame 2, a first scale 23 is further disposed on the edge of the frame 2 where the first moving grooves 22 are disposed, a measuring component 4 is disposed in the frame 2, the measuring component 4 is mounted in the frame 2 through a testing bench 3 and moves through the frame 2, a first scale pointer 24 is disposed at one end of the testing bench 3 close to the first moving grooves 22, a position scale value of the testing bench 3 can be obtained through the cooperation of the first scale pointer 24 and the first scale 23, the position scale value is displayed through a first electronic display screen 11, and is defined as an X-axis coordinate X of a tip of a probe 53_i；

Fixed surface is connected with roller mount 31 about test bench 3, fixed surface of roller mount 31 is connected with two roller shafts 32, a rack pulley 33 has been cup jointed in the equal activity of surface of two roller shafts 32, two rack pulleys 33 slide in first shifting chute 22, second shifting chute 35 has been seted up to test bench 3 upper surface, test bench 3 upper surface is provided with horizontal migration control lever 34, the removal of horizontal migration control lever 34 drives the back-and-forth movement in first shifting chute 22 in test bench 3, the frame 2 lower surface is equipped with elevating gear.

The monitoring device for the left and right movement of the surface to be measured comprises a measuring component 4, the front surface of the measuring component 4 is fixedly connected with a rectangular placing rack 42, a magnifying lens 43 is movably connected in the rectangular placing rack 42, the measuring component 4 comprises a mobile station 41, the lower surface of the mobile station 41 is fixedly connected with four upper pinch plates 44, the lower surfaces of the four upper pinch plates 44 are fixedly connected with a pinch plate connecting column 45, the lower surfaces of the four pinch plate connecting columns 45 are fixedly connected with a rotary connecting box 46, a connecting rod 47 is penetratingly connected between every two rotary connecting boxes 46, the outer surfaces of the two connecting rods 47 are fixedly sleeved with a pulley 49, the front surface of the front connecting rod 47 is fixedly connected with a gear 48, the lower surface of the gear 48 is meshed with a power transmission rod 54, the outer surface of the horizontal power transmission rod 54 is movably sleeved in the testing bench 3, and the right surface of the horizontal power transmission rod 54 is fixedly connected with a turntable 55, the lower surface of the mobile station 41 is fixedly connected with a height measurement box 5, a high-activity linkage pipe 51 is connected in the height measurement box 5 in a sliding sleeved mode, and the lower surface of the high-activity linkage pipe 51 is fixedly connected with a high-precision straight connecting rod 52. The turntable 55 is provided with a second scale 57 for displaying the rotation amount thereof and a second scale pointer 58 pointing to the rotation amount to be zero all the time, the reading of the second scale pointer 58 on the second scale 57 can be converted to obtain the position scale value of the measuring component 4, the position scale value is displayed by the second electronic display screen 12, and the position scale value is defined as the Y-axis coordinate Y of the tip of the probe 53_i。

The rotation of the turntable 55 drives the measurement component 4 to move left and right in the second moving groove 35, and the probe 53 moves left and right on the surface 1 to be measured, so that the unevenness of the surface 1 to be measured can drive the high-precision straight connecting rod 52 to be highThe active linkage pipe 51 moves up and down, the lower surface of the high-precision straight connecting rod 52 is fixedly connected with a probe 53, and the tip of the probe 53 is of a rolling ball structure; the surface of the height measurement box 5 is provided with a depth gauge 56, the upper surface of the high-activity linkage pipe 51 is fixedly connected with an L-shaped connecting plate 8, the L-shaped connecting plate 8 is fixedly connected with a third scale pointer 82, the upper surface of the L-shaped connecting plate 8 is fixedly connected with a spring 81, the upper surface of the spring 81 is fixedly connected in the inner wall of the height measurement box 5, the position scale value of the third scale pointer 82 on the depth gauge 56 is displayed through a third electronic display screen 13, and the position scale value is defined as a Z-axis coordinate Z of the tip of the probe 53_i。

The first electronic display screen 11, the second electronic display screen 12 and the third electronic display screen 13 which display the readings of the depth gauge 56, the first scale gauge 23 and the second scale gauge 57 are all in communication connection with the electronic equipment, and the readings are sent to the electronic equipment, that is, the electronic equipment can acquire the coordinate value (X) of the tip of the probe 53_i，Y_i，Z_i)。

The lifting device comprises a plurality of supporting legs 6, a cross rod 9 is erected between adjacent supporting legs 6, a level 21 is fixedly arranged on the upper surface of each cross rod 9 and on each edge of the frame 2, a second threaded hole 75 is formed in each supporting leg 6, a threaded rod 7 is movably connected with the second threaded hole 75 through a threaded groove, a hole 74 is formed in the outer surface of the threaded rod 7, a threaded rod sleeve 61 is fixedly connected to the right surface of the threaded rod 7, an elastic rotating shaft 62 is fixedly connected to the right surface of the threaded rod sleeve 61, a C-shaped control rod 63 is movably connected to the outer surface of the elastic rotating shaft 62, a horizontal connecting rod 64 is fixedly connected to the back surface of each supporting leg 6, a multi-directional adjusting shaft 65 is fixedly connected to the back surface of the horizontal connecting rod 64, a multi-section drawing and adjusting box 66 is movably connected to the back surface of the multi-section drawing and adjusting box 66, a drawing plate 67 is slidably connected to the inner surface of the drawing plate 67, a horizontal adjusting rod 68 is movably sleeved on the inner surface of the drawing plate 67, the outer surface of the horizontal adjusting rod 68 is fixedly sleeved with a cylindrical sleeve 69, an adjustable tooth leg 71 is slidably connected in the supporting leg 6, four first threaded holes 73 are formed in the inner surface of the adjustable tooth leg 71, a base 72 is fixedly connected below the adjustable tooth leg 71, the C-shaped control rod 63 rotates on the elastic rotating shaft 62, the C-shaped control rod 63 rotates after being overturned to a proper position, the threaded rod 7 rotates on the first threaded hole 73 and the second threaded hole 75, the threaded rod 7 can be taken down after being rotated to a proper position, the length of the adjustable tooth leg 71 in the supporting leg 6 is adjusted after the threaded rod 7 is taken down, after the adjustment is completed, the threaded rod 7 rotates back, after the threaded rod 7 rotates to a proper position, the multi-section adjusting box 66 is overturned, the multi-section adjusting box 66 rotates on the multi-direction adjusting shaft 65, the overturning of the multi-section adjusting box 66 drives the overturning of the pulling plate 67, and the pulling plate 67 overturns to a proper position, the horizontal adjusting rod 68 penetrates into the hole 74, the height of the equipment is adjusted by adjusting the length of the adjustable toothed leg 71 in the supporting leg 6, meanwhile, the threaded rod 7 can be prevented from loosening by penetrating the horizontal adjusting rod 68 into the hole 74, and the base 72 can be movably connected with the threaded rod 7.

The method for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type rail in the embodiment uses the device for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type rail in the embodiment to measure, and specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning the measuring device around a plate-type rail spreading layer structure to be measured, and adjusting the measuring device to enable the frame 2 to be completely parallel to the surface 1 to be measured;

(2) moving the measuring device and automatically acquiring roughness data (Xi, Yi, Zi) of different positions of the surface 1 to be measured on the electronic equipment;

(3) and obtaining a surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) by utilizing engineering drawing software, and importing the surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) into finite element software to carry out three-dimensional modeling, so as to obtain a roughness displacement diagram of the spreading layer of the plate-type track.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments. Modifications and variations that may occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention are to be considered as within the scope of the invention.

Claims (2)

1. The device for measuring the roughness of the spreading layer of the plate-type track is characterized by comprising a frame (2) and a measuring assembly (4), wherein a first moving assembly and a second moving assembly are arranged between the measuring assembly (4) and the frame (2), the measuring assembly (4) moves in the frame (2) along an X axis through the first moving assembly, and the measuring assembly (4) moves in the frame (2) along a Y axis through the second moving assembly; the measuring assembly (4) comprises a probe (53) capable of moving along the vertical direction and a depth gauge (56) capable of displaying the moving amount of the probe (53), and the tip of the probe (53) is of a rollable ball structure; the frame (2) is of a square structure, a plurality of supporting legs (6) with adjustable heights are arranged on the frame (2), adjustable tooth legs (71) are connected in the supporting legs (6) in a sliding mode, cross rods (9) are connected between the adjustable tooth legs (71), and a level (21) is arranged on each edge of the frame (2) and each cross rod (9); the first moving assembly comprises a first moving groove (22) and a test bench (3), the first moving groove (22) is arranged on the frame (2), the measuring assembly (4) is installed on the test bench (3), and the test bench (3) slides in the first moving groove (22); a first scale pointer (24) is arranged on the test bench (3), and a first scale table (23) capable of displaying the positions of the first scale pointer (24) and the test bench (3) along the X axis in the frame (2) is arranged on the frame (2); the second moving assembly comprises a second moving groove (35) and a rotary table moving mechanism, the second moving groove (35) is arranged on the test bench (3), the rotary table moving mechanism comprises a rotary table (55), a connecting rod (47), a power transmission rod (54) and a pulley (49), the pulley (49) is connected to the bottom of the measuring assembly (4) through the connecting rod (47), the pulley (49) slides in the second moving groove (35), a gear (48) is fixed on the connecting rod (47), and the gear (48) is meshed with the power transmission rod (54) and drives the connecting rod (47) and the pulley (49) to rotate along with the rotation of the power transmission rod (54); one end of the power transmission rod (54) is fixed with a rotary table (55), and a second dial gauge (57) capable of displaying the position of the measuring component (4) along the Y axis in the frame (2) is arranged on the rotary table (55);

depth table (56), first graduation apparatus (23) and second graduation apparatus (57) all show its numerical value through electronic display screen, just the electronic display screen of depth table (56), first graduation apparatus (23) and second graduation apparatus (57) all with electronic equipment communication connection and with its numerical value transmission to electronic equipment.

2. A method for measuring the roughness of a paved layer of a plate-type rail, which is characterized by using the device for measuring the roughness of the paved layer of the plate-type rail as claimed in claim 1, and comprises the following steps:

(1) positioning the measuring device around a plate type rail spreading layer structure to be measured;

(2) acquiring roughness orientation data (Xi, Yi, Zi) by said measuring means;

(3) and obtaining a surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) by utilizing engineering drawing software, and importing the surface roughness distribution function F (X, Y, Z) into finite element software to carry out three-dimensional modeling, so as to obtain a roughness displacement diagram of the spreading layer of the plate-type track.

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