CN103251465A - 具有改进的用于固定板的紧固系统的椎间植入体 - Google Patents

具有改进的用于固定板的紧固系统的椎间植入体 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103251465A
CN103251465A CN2013100519201A CN201310051920A CN103251465A CN 103251465 A CN103251465 A CN 103251465A CN 2013100519201 A CN2013100519201 A CN 2013100519201A CN 201310051920 A CN201310051920 A CN 201310051920A CN 103251465 A CN103251465 A CN 103251465A
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fixing head
intervertebral implant
head
implant according
configuration
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CN2013100519201A
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CN103251465B (zh
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迈因拉德·菲赫特
弗朗西斯科·斯卡尔迪
马尔科·里瓦
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Medacta International SA
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Medacta International SA
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Abstract

本发明涉及具有改进的用于固定板的紧固系统的椎间植入体。一种用于脊柱的两个椎体之间的融合的椎间植入体,所述植入体包括:-融合支架,支架从后侧延伸到前侧,并适于夹置在患者的两个相邻的椎体之间;-固定板,具有至少一个通道;所述融合支架和所述固定板包括配合特征,用于在融合支架的前侧上紧固固定板;所述配合特征包括限制部件和枢转部件,所述枢转部件布置成引导所述固定板相对于所述融合支架围绕枢转轴线旋转,所述旋转使所述植入体从第一构型运动到第二构型,在所述第一构型中,固定板相对于所述融合支架在后-前方向上可自由地移动,在所述第二构型中,固定板相对于所述融合支架在后-前方向上的移动由限制部件限制。

Description

具有改进的用于固定板的紧固系统的椎间植入体
技术领域
本发明涉及普通的整形外科植入体领域。
具体地,本发明涉及一种在外科脊柱治疗的领域中使用的椎间植入体,该植入体可以融合在脊柱的两个椎体之间。
更具体地,该植入体优选地适于用作用于前路椎间融合(ALIF)的独立的椎间体融合装置。
背景技术
ALIF方法为主要用于在脊柱的腰椎区域对受伤的椎间盘进行手术的外科技术。该手术包括:通过腹部上的切口靠近脊柱,去除受伤的椎间盘并且将其用合适的椎间植入体替换。
椎间植入体主要包括中空支架,该中空支架被插入在两个椎体之间并且填充自生的骨移植物等,以便促进这两个椎体的骨生长和最终融合。
此外,植入体包括牢固地附接到中空支架的固定板。该固定板可以伸出或不伸出椎间空间并且通常通过两个或两个以上的骨螺钉被固定到两个相邻的椎体的前侧。固定板和螺钉的主要功能是改善整个植入体的初始稳定性。
应当注意,固定板优选地被制成独立的零件并且随后被安置在融合支架的前侧。
这样的设计方案提供了两个不同的优点。
首先,这样的设计提供了使用不同材料制造融合支架和固定板的机会:通常需要透过射线的支架由聚醚醚酮(PEEK)材料制成,而固定板由钛制成。
其次,由于两件式设计,故外科医生可以刚好在手术前装配植入体。因此,固定板可以方便地从适于不同外科需求的一组不同的板中选取。
应当强调,在上述类型的植入体中,用来在融合支架上安装固定板的紧固系统的作用是至关重要的,这是由于其设计源于多个矛盾的需求之间的权衡。
首先,紧固系统应该容易操作,使得外科医生可安装最终的植入体而无需浪费不必要的时间或精力。或许,甚至当融合支架已经被定位在患者的椎间空间之间时,最终的安装应该可行。
其次,紧固系统应该被整合在标准椎间植入体的外形尺寸内。在该方面,应该避免累赘的设计并且该系统应该尽可能地保持简单。
第三,紧固系统应该提供对植入体的充分的初始稳定性。固定板应该牢固地附接到融合支架,并且应该使术后的滑落或脱离的风险最小化。
例如,基于榫卯结构或纽扣状紧固件,现有技术中已经提出多种将固定板安装在融合支架上的系统。例如,在以下欧洲专利和专利申请中公开了这些已知的系统:EP079695、EP0891169、EP1103236、EP1476098和EP1589909。但是,相对于一个或多个上述列出的需求,这些系统都存在缺点。
考虑到上述缺陷,本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供具有两件式设计的椎间植入体,而用于将固定板紧固在融合支架上的系统克服了现有技术方案的缺点。
发明内容
通过用于在脊柱的两个椎体之间的融合的椎间植入体解决了上述技术问题,所述植入体包括:
-融合支架,所述支架从后侧延伸到前侧,并适于夹置在患者的两个相邻的椎体之间;
-固定板,所述固定板具有至少一个通道,例如用于接收骨螺钉;
其中,融合支架和固定板包括配合特征,用于将固定板紧固在融合支架的前侧;具体地,所述配合特征包括限制部件和枢转部件,所述枢转部件布置成引导所述固定板相对于所述融合支架围绕枢转轴线旋转,所述旋转使所述植入体从第一构型运动到第二构型,在所述第一构型中,固定板相对于所述融合支架在后-前方向上可自由地移动,在所述第二构型中,固定板相对于所述融合支架在后-前方向上的移动由限制部件限制。
有利地,所述限制部件可包括至少一个突起部和至少一个凹陷部,该突起部相对于所述枢转轴线径向延伸,凹陷部适于在所述植入体的所述第二构型中容纳所述突起部。
有利地,所述配合特征可包括凸出头部和用于容纳所述凸出头部的容腔,所述突起部设置在所述凸出头部的侧向边缘上,所述凹陷部设置在所述容腔的侧向边缘上。
有利地,两个突起部可设置在所述凸出头部的两个相对的侧向边缘上,以及两个凹陷部可设置在所述容腔的两个相对的侧向边缘上。
有利地,所述凸出头部可与所述固定板形成一体,所述容腔设置在所述融合支架上。
所述凸出头部可通过所述枢转部件可旋转地联接到所述容腔,所述枢转部件包括可旋转地插入在相应的中心孔中的中心销。
所述中心销可从所述凸出头部突出,所述中心孔设置在所述容腔的底部。显而易见地,可替换的和相反的结构可以设置有从容腔突出的中心销和形成在所述凸出头部中的中心孔。
有利地,所述凹陷部可限定滑斜面,在固定板从所述第一构型旋转到所述第二构型期间,所述突起部可滑动地接合所述滑斜面。
所述凹陷部和所述突起部的横断面紧密配合。
由所述凹陷部限定的滑斜面可包括对接件,所述对接件适于在达到所述第二构型时相对于所述融合支架阻挡固定板的旋转。
凹陷部的轮廓和突起部的轮廓可分别包括局部特征,所述局部特征设计成相互配合以便到达第二构型时确定固定板的滑入配合。
上文所述的局部特征可包括在凹陷部的轮廓上的锁定凹槽和突起部的轮廓上的锁定突起。
便利地,融合支架可由射线可透过的材料制成,例如PEEK。
便利地,固定板可由与融合支架的材料不同的材料制成,例如钛。
有利地,固定板可在多种具有不同几何形状的固定板中选择。
参考附图,通过下文给出的非限制性示例描述的具体实施方式的描述,可以更清楚地理解根据本发明的椎间植入体的另外的特征和优点。
附图说明
图1示出根据本发明的椎间植入体、其固定板和拆开的融合支架的透视图;
图2示出在第一构型中的椎间植入体的透视图;
图3示出在第二构型中的椎间植入体的透视图;
图4示出在第二构型中的椎间植入体的前视图;
图5示出沿着图4中标出的切面“A-A”切取的椎间植入体的剖面图;
图6示出作为椎间植入体的一部分的融合支架的透视图;
图7示出融合支架的前视图;
图8示出融合支架的俯视图;
图9示出作为椎间植入体的一部分的固定板的透视图;
图9a示出作为图9的一个备选实施方式的作为椎间植入体的一部分的固定板的第二实施方式的透视图;
图9b示出作为椎间植入体的一部分的固定板的第三实施方式透视图;
图9c示出作为椎间植入体的一部分的固定板的第四实施方式透视图;
图10示出图9中的固定板的前视图;
图11示出图9中的固定板的俯视图;
图12示出图9中的固定板的后视图;
图13示出作为椎间植入体的一部分的骨螺钉的透视图;
图14示出骨螺钉的前视图;和
图15示出骨螺钉的侧视图。
具体实施方式
参考图1-5,附图标记100整体示出根据本发明的椎间植入体。
椎间植入体100包括在图6-8中单独示出的融合支架1,其通过构成本发明的主要目的的紧固系统与在图12中单独示出的固定板2连接。
椎间植入体100还可包括四个骨螺钉3,在图13-15中示出了其中一个骨螺钉。
适于插入在患者的椎间空间内的融合支架1的特征为四个一致高度的壁,该壁从基本上长方形的底部升起并且闭合中心孔6。
融合支架1的后侧为插入在椎体之间的侧,其具有圆形的边缘,同时必须与固定板2联接的前侧具有直的边缘。
在人体轴向方向上延伸的中心孔6适于填充用于促进骨生长的材料,诸如自生的骨移植物。尾部支架表面和头部支架表面有利地由锯齿状图案覆盖以便改善初始稳定性。
融合支架1的前侧具有容腔21,该容腔大致上为长方形尺寸,沿着融合支架的整个高度延伸。容腔21的结构和功能将结合固定板2进一步具体讨论。
融合支架1的前侧还具有两个反向旋转的盲孔5,该盲孔在邻接容腔21的前表面的两侧部分上在不同的高度敞开。该孔的范围恰好适于可去除的安装设备使用。
融合支架1的前壁具有四个在容腔21的底部敞开并且到达中心孔6的开口11。开口11中的两个开口在尾表面上敞开,同时另两个开口在支架的头部表面上敞开。这样的开口11布置成允许骨螺钉3穿过,该骨螺钉的头部被阻挡在固定板2上。本领域的技术人员可以理解,开口11可以容纳可替换类型的螺钉,诸如,锁定螺钉、多轴线螺钉或压缩螺钉,在该最后的情况下甚至可以设置相关的安全机构。
容腔的底面还具有中心孔10,该中心孔的作用可以容易地从下文理解。
融合支架1由生物相容性材料制成,例如,PEEK、碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)或钛,具有或不具有涂层,例如,可以布置钛涂层或羟磷灰石涂层,但不排除可以使用其他涂层。三个不能透过射线的标记12被嵌入PEEK结构中以便用X射线控制植入体的精确定位;标记12中的两个标记在人体轴向方向上穿过融合支架的侧壁,而第三标记12沿着前后方向穿过后壁。
固定板2的第一优选实施方式具有基本上为长方形的平坦结构,其周长匹配融合支架1的前侧的周长。具体地,固定板2的高度匹配融合支架1的高度。
固定板2具有四个从其前侧延伸到其后侧的通道16。
通道16成对对称地布置;两个中心通道向上倾斜(即,朝向头部方向),另外两个侧向通道向下倾斜(即,朝向尾部方向)。
当固定板2准确地附接到融合支架1时,开口11与通道16对准并且可以被例如骨螺钉3横向贯穿。
在固定板2的前侧上,固定板2具有中心螺纹孔15,该中心螺纹孔被置于略微低于两个中心通道16的开口的下方。在外科手术期间,为了放置植入体,螺纹孔15用于暂时联接固定板2与外科工具。
固定板2的特征还在于反向旋转通孔14。当固定板2被正确地安装在此处时,相对于侧向通道16的侧向开口的反向旋转通孔14从一侧穿过板到另一侧,并且与融合支架1的反向旋转盲孔5对准。
在固定板2的后侧,固定板2具有朝向后侧方向突出的凸出头部20。凸出头部20用于容纳在融合支架1的容腔内,从而具有类似的长方形。凸出头部20的高度与融合支架1的高度相同。由于本文描述的实施方式中固定板2也具有与融合支架1相同的高度,故固定板2的后侧仅具有除凸出头部20之外的两个侧平面。
中心销19垂直于凸出头部20的后表面延伸;这样的中心销19用于插入在融合支架1上具有的中心孔10中。显而易见地,可替换的和相反的构造可设有从融合支架突出的中心销19和在凸出头部20中形成的中心孔10。
插入在孔中的销确定枢转轴线x,该轴线x位于融合支架1的箭头形中平面上并朝向尾侧。换句话说,销19和孔10可考虑端接类型或卡口联接件。
凸出头部20的两个侧向边缘具有突起部7,突起部7相对于枢转轴线x径向延伸。两个突起部7具有紧密配合的横断面,该横断面朝向后部方向渐缩。
另一方面,容腔21的相对的两个侧向边缘的特征为凹陷部8,该凹陷部相对于对应的突起部7相反地成形并且适于容纳该突起部7。
更详细地,应该注意,凹陷部8限定滑斜面,当凸出头部20相对于容腔21围绕枢轴轴线x旋转时,对应的突起部7进入该滑斜面。
从上文所述,可以清楚地理解如何将固定板2阻挡在融合支架1上。
首先,固定板2相对于融合支架1保持倾斜,中心销19被插入在中心孔10内。图2中示出的这样的构型在本文中称为第一构型。
其次,固定板2围绕中心销19和孔10确定的枢转轴线x旋转。在旋转期间,凸出头部20的突起部7可滑动地接合在由容腔21的凹陷部8限定的滑斜面中。
当达到第二构型时,继续旋转,例如如图4所示,其中,固定板2与融合支架1对准。
第二构型为该装置的可操作构型;仅当植入体在其第二构型中时,骨螺钉3可以进入适当的通道16。
应该注意,为了得到突起部7和凹陷部8之间的可滑动接合,所述突起部7和凹陷部8的轮廓应该至少部分沿着以枢轴轴线x为中心的圆周。
然而,其中一个凹陷部8具有偏离所述圆周的轮廓端部以便限定对接件22。对应的突起部7的轮廓显然为相反的形状并且以同样的方式偏离。
对接件22适用于首先引导、随后在达到第二构型时止动或阻挡固定板相对于融合支架的旋转。该对接件的轮廓被精心设计以便实现上文提到的引导和止动两种功能。
此外,两个突起部7局部特征为沿着它们的轮廓的锁定突出部18,同时凹陷部8类似的特征为反向成形的锁定凹槽9。
锁定突出部18和凹槽9被设计成相互配合以便确定在达到第二构型时的固定板2的滑动配合。
便利地,固定板2用生物相容性金属实现,例如PEEK、CFRP、钛或适用于可植入的医疗装置的另一可替换材料。
替代上文提到的固定板2,外科医生可选择适于手术的具体需要的可替换固定板2a、2b和2c。
在图9a-9c中示出一些可替换板的实施方式,这些板在尾部和头部两个方向上延伸超出融合支架1的高度。
在第二实施方式中,固定板2a具有四个通道16a,这些通道全部被布置在该装置的同一侧,使得所有的螺钉可以从这一侧插入,从而减小所需的外科手术切口的尺寸。还可以使用仅有两个通道16a的可替换构型。
在第三实施方式中,固定板2b具有四个垂片,所述垂片的特征在于通道16b。该装置旨在增大植入体的稳定性。
在第四实施方式中,固定板2c具有上垂片和两个下垂片,这些垂片的特征在于通道16c。该装置具体设计成用于将椎骨L5和椎骨S1融合到一起。
应该注意,固定板2a、固定板2b、固定板2c的所有可替换实施方式的特征为上述类型的凸出头部20,以使它们联接到同一融合支架。具体地,可以使用可替换类型的螺钉,诸如锁定螺钉、多轴线螺钉或甚至压缩螺钉以及其相关的安全机构。
明显地,为了满足具体的需求,本领域的技术人员可以容易地理解上述椎间植入体的可能变化和变型,所有这些变化和变型落在通过所附的权利要求书限定的保护范围内。
例如,尽管上文描述的优选实施方式设计成用作ALIF的独立的椎间体融合装置的单独件,本领域的技术人员可以容易地理解,同样的方案可用于不同类型的椎间植入体,例如:前颈椎间体融合装置、端部侧椎间主体融合装置或者后椎间体融合装置。所采用的螺钉的数量根据方法/植入设计而明显地变化:在端部侧向支架和在颈部支架中,两个螺钉要优于四个螺钉。植入尺寸也将根据方法而改变。

Claims (18)

1.一种用于脊柱的两个椎体之间的融合的椎间植入体(100),所述植入体包括:
-融合支架(1),所述融合支架从后侧延伸到前侧,并适于夹置在患者的两个相邻的椎体之间;
-固定板(2,2a,2b,2c),所述固定板具有至少一个通道(16);
所述融合支架(1)和所述固定板(2)包括配合特征(8,10,7,19,20,21),用于将所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)紧固在所述融合支架(1)的前侧上;
其特征在于,所述配合特征(8,10,7,19,20,21)包括限制部件(8,7)和枢转部件(10,19),所述枢转部件(10,19)布置成引导所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)相对于所述融合支架(1)围绕枢转轴线(x)旋转,所述旋转使所述植入体从第一构型运动到第二构型,在所述第一构型中,所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)相对于所述融合支架(1)在后-前方向上自由地移动,在所述第二构型中,所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)相对于所述融合支架(1)在后-前方向上的移动由所述限制部件(8,7)限制。
2.根据权利要求1所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述限制部件(8,7)包括至少一个突起部(7)和至少一个凹陷部(8),所述突起部相对于所述枢转轴线(x)径向延伸,所述凹陷部(8)适于在所述植入体(100)的所述第二构型中容纳所述突起部(7)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述配合特征(8,10,7,19,20,21)包括凸出头部(20)和用于容纳所述凸出头部(20)的容腔(21),所述突起部(7)设置在所述凸出头部(20)的侧向边缘上,所述凹陷部(8)设置在所述容腔的侧向边缘上。
4.根据权利要求3所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,两个所述突起部(7)设置在所述凸出头部(20)的两个相对的侧向边缘上,以及两个所述凹陷部设置在所述容腔(21)的两个相对的侧向边缘上。
5.根据权利要求3或4所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述凸出头部与所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)形成一体,所述容腔(21)设置在所述融合支架(1)上。
6.根据权利要求3或4所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述凸出头部(20)通过所述枢转部件(10,19)可旋转地联接到所述容腔(21),所述枢转部件(10,19)包括可旋转地插入在相应的中心孔(10)中的中心销(19)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述中心销(19)从所述凸出头部(20)突出,而所述中心孔设置在所述容腔(21)的底部,或者反之亦然。
8.根据权利要求6所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述凹陷部(8)限定滑斜面,在所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)从所述第一构型旋转到所述第二构型期间,所述突起部(7)可滑动地接合所述滑斜面。
9.根据权利要求8所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述凹陷部(8)的横断面和所述突起部(7)的横断面紧密配合。
10.根据权利要求8所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,由所述凹陷部(8)限定的滑斜面包括对接件(22),所述对接件适用于在达到所述第二构型时阻挡所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)相对于所述融合支架(1)旋转。
11.根据权利要求8所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述凹陷部(8)的轮廓和所述突起部(7)的轮廓分别包括局部特征(9,18),所述局部特征设计成相互配合以便在到达所述第二构型时确定所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)的滑入配合。
12.根据权利要求11所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述局部特征(9,18)包括在所述凹陷部的轮廓上的锁定凹槽(9)和在所述突起部(7)的轮廓上的锁定突起(18)。
13.根据权利要求1所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述融合支架(1)的内部是中空的并且由生物相容性材料制成。
14.根据权利要求13所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)由与所述融合支架(1)使用的材料不同的生物相容性材料制成。
15.根据权利要求14所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述植入体(100)部分或全部由例如钛或羟磷灰石的生物相容性金属涂覆。
16.根据权利要求1所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,在具有不同的几何形状的多个固定板中选择所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)。
17.根据权利要求1所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述固定板(2,2a,2b,2c)的所述至少一个通道(16)被设置成用于容纳相应的骨螺钉(3),并且所述头部被阻挡在所述固定板上。
18.根据权利要求17所述的椎间植入体(100),其中,所述至少一个通道(16)容纳可替换类型的螺钉,诸如锁定螺钉、多轴线螺钉或压缩螺钉以及其相关的安全机构。
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