CN103247204B - Demonstration platform for exploring gas discharge phenomenon - Google Patents
Demonstration platform for exploring gas discharge phenomenon Download PDFInfo
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- CN103247204B CN103247204B CN201310160043.1A CN201310160043A CN103247204B CN 103247204 B CN103247204 B CN 103247204B CN 201310160043 A CN201310160043 A CN 201310160043A CN 103247204 B CN103247204 B CN 103247204B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a demonstration platform for exploring a gas discharge phenomenon, which comprises an operating board, a vacuum pump, a vacuum gauge, a vacuum bell jar, a digital ammeter, a digital voltmeter, a high-voltage power supply and spherical electrodes, wherein the vacuum bell jar is sealed on the upper surface of the operating board; the vacuum pump is in in-connection with the vacuum bell jar through a pipeline; the vacuum gauge is connected with the vacuum bell jar through the pipeline; the two spherical electrodes are arranged in the vacuum bell jar and are connected with an anode and a cathode of the high-voltage power supply; the digital ammeter is connected between the spherical electrodes and the high-voltage power supply in series; and the digital voltmeter is connected between the high-voltage power supply and the two electrodes in parallel. The demonstration platform can completely display different discharge phenomena such as spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge and the like, and can explore influence of various factors on gas discharge through controlling factors such as voltage, air pressure, current, inter-electrode distance, different gas and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Physical Experiment teaching demonstration equipment, relate to a kind of demo platform probing into gas discharge phenomenon in particular.
Background technology
Gas discharge phenomenon is comparatively common in life, such as, and the lightning in thunderstorm weather, the glow discharge etc. in neon light.In middle school's textbook, when describing the historical process of electronics discovery, devise the lecture experiment that spectrograph tube carries out glow discharge, make student have visual understanding to gas discharge phenomenon, in proviso, its discharge mechanism is said nothing.Some universities also utilize the bombardment device learning gas discharge voltage of vacuum coating equipment and the relation of air pressure, measure comparatively accurately, but instrument costly, are not easy to promote.The factor that the existing laboratory apparatus of major part can be probed into is more single, mostly is the relation of probing between gas discharge voltage and air pressure, does not relate to probing into and demonstrating of the factors such as die opening, electric current, gas with various.In addition, existing experimental provision almost can not by complete displayings of different electric discharge phenomena such as spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharges, can not realize in one apparatus various gas discharge repeat probe into.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of demo platform probing into gas discharge phenomenon, its can be complete the different electric discharge phenomena such as displaying spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge, and can the factor such as control voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, observe the relation between each factor when affecting gas discharge.
The demo platform probing into gas discharge phenomenon of the present invention, comprise operating desk, vavuum pump, vacuum meter, vacuum bell jar, digital electronic ammeter, digital voltmeter, high voltage source and spheric electrode, operating desk is provided with guidance panel, described vacuum bell jar is the transparent body, and is sealed and matched with the upper surface of operating desk; Described vavuum pump and high voltage source are arranged in operating desk; Described vavuum pump is connected with vacuum bell jar by pipeline; Described vacuum meter is connected with vacuum bell jar or with the pipeline for being connected vavuum pump and vacuum bell jar by pipeline; In vacuum (-tight) housing, be provided with two spheric electrodes, and be connected with the both positive and negative polarity of high voltage source respectively, described digital electronic ammeter is connected between spheric electrode and high voltage source, and described digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between the both positive and negative polarity of high voltage source.
Further, the upper surface of operating desk is provided with gas valve, this gas valve is connected with described vacuum bell jar by conduit.By gas valve, gas with various (such as nitrogen, helium, mercury vapour, neon, hydrogen, oxygen etc.) is filled with in vacuum bell jar, achieves probing into of the electric discharge phenomena of gas with various.
Further, die opening governor motion is provided with in vacuum bell jar, the vernier scale comprising master calibration chi, be fixed on the fixed block of master calibration chi zero graduation line one end, be slidably matched with master calibration chi, one spheric electrode is fixedly connected with fixed block by copper rod, the sphere center position of this spheric electrode is corresponding with the zero graduation line of master calibration chi, another spheric electrode is fixedly connected with described vernier scale by copper rod, the sphere center position of this spheric electrode is corresponding with the zero graduation line on vernier scale, and vernier scale is provided with tightening screw.
Further, between connection vavuum pump and the pipeline of vacuum bell jar, be provided with three-way change-over valve, described vacuum meter is connected with three-way change-over valve by rubber tube.
Further, be also provided with tank filler sleeve at the upper surface of operating desk, described tank filler sleeve is connected with vavuum pump by oiling pipeline, facilitates and adds in vavuum pump by pumping fluid, lubricate vavuum pump.
Further, the rear side of described operating desk longitudinally offers slot, is provided with background board in this slot, this background board and slot matched in clearance, by having additional background board, is beneficial to observation experiment phenomenon.
Before experiment, background board is extracted out from slot, guarantee that gas valve is tightened, prevent gas leakage, check the voltage-regulation knob of high voltage source, guarantee that voltage is zero; Check vavuum pump oil mass, if deficiency, add pump oil from tank filler sleeve.During experiment, switch on power, open vacuum pump switch, vavuum pump is started working, and air in vacuum bell jar is extracted out by vavuum pump, and the air pressure in vacuum bell jar is reduced, its internal vacuum will show on vacuum meter, closed by vacuum pump switch when vacuum reaches certain value, now vacuum bell jar inside will become sealing system, and vacuum remains unchanged.Now, open switch and high voltage source is opened, regulate the voltage between spheric electrode by voltage-regulation button, instantaneous voltage and electric current registration are read by digital voltmeter and digital electronic ammeter.Or in the process increasing voltage change air pressure, can be observed spark discharge, corona discharge, glow discharge, arc discharge, the voltage x current value of record breakdown voltage and various electric discharge phenomena, and fixation phenomenon analyzes data, draws experiment conclusion.If need to probe into the impact of die opening on gas discharge phenomenon, then can open vacuum bell jar, change the die opening between spheric electrode by die opening governor motion, then carry out next group experiment.If when needing the gas discharge phenomenon probing into gas with various, can when the air in vacuum bell jar be extracted into high vacuum conditions by vavuum pump, by the airtight connection gas valve of vessel port that other gases are housed, gas valve is slowly outwarded winding, gas to be probed into is filled with in vacuum bell jar, can tests.
The demo platform probing into gas discharge phenomenon of the present invention, owing to having said structure, it is easy and simple to handle, convenient demonstration, complete illustrates the different electric discharge phenomena such as spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge, and can the factor such as control voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, observe the relation between each factor when affecting gas discharge.This demo platform is conducive to gas discharge experiment extensively to be popularized in middle school, laboratory in colleges and universities, is also beneficial to exploitation and shows in science popularization place.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of control panel on operating desk in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the rearview of operating desk in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram that die opening governor motion of the present invention coordinates with spheric electrode
Fig. 6 is gas breakdown moment spheric electrode both end voltage and vacuum bell jar internal gas pressure graph of a relation in vacuum bell jar;
Fig. 7 is the graph of a relation of spheric electrode both end voltage and electric current in vacuum bell jar under different die opening.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to explain technical scheme of the present invention further, below by coming by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.
See shown in Fig. 1 to Fig. 5, this probes into the demo platform of gas discharge phenomenon, comprises operating desk 1, vavuum pump 4, vacuum meter 14, vacuum bell jar 2, digital electronic ammeter 15, digital voltmeter 16, high voltage source 5 and spheric electrode 3;
The front panel of operating desk 1 is guidance panel, guidance panel is provided with for controlling vacuum pump switch 10 that vavuum pump opens and cut out, for controlling power switch 11 that high voltage source 5 opens and close, for regulating the voltage-regulation knob 12 of high voltage source 5 voltage swing.The rear side panel of operating desk 1 is provided with power supply slot 21, heat emission fan 19, master switch 18 and steam vent 20.Longitudinally offer slot (not shown) at the rear side of operating desk, be provided with background board 6 in this slot, this background board 6 is slidably matched with slot;
Described vacuum bell jar 2 is transparent glass bell jar, and its sealing is fixed on the upper surface of operating desk 1; Described vavuum pump 4 and high voltage source 5 are arranged in operating desk 1; Described vavuum pump 4 is connected with the steam vent in vacuum bell jar 2 by pipeline, for being extracted out by the air in vacuum bell jar 2, is discharged to demo platform outside by steam vent 20; Be provided with tank filler sleeve 7 at the upper surface of operating desk 1, be connected with vavuum pump 4 by oiling pipeline, facilitate and pumping fluid is added in vavuum pump, vavuum pump 4 is lubricated.
Three-way change-over valve 22 is provided with between connection vavuum pump 4 and the pipeline of vacuum bell jar 2, described vacuum meter 14 is connected with three-way change-over valve 22 by rubber tube, by the opening and closing realization of valve and being communicated with of vacuum bell jar 2, for measuring the vacuum in vacuum bell jar 2, this vacuum meter 14 measurement of vacuum scope is-0.1Mp-0Mpa, and accuracy class is 1.6 grades;
Gas valve 8 is also provided with at the upper surface of operating desk 1, gas valve 8 is connected with described vacuum bell jar 2 by conduit, gas valve 8 can be connected with the caisson of platform exterior, and by gas valve 8, by other, the gas (such as nitrogen, helium, mercury vapour, neon, hydrogen, oxygen etc.) to be probed into be stored in caisson is filled with in vacuum bell jar 2.
Two spheric electrodes 3 are provided with in vacuum bell jar 2, the steel ball of spheric electrode to be diameter be 15.74mm, two spheric electrodes are separately fixed at one end of two copper rods 9, one copper rod 9 is connected with the positive pole of high voltage source, another copper rod 9 is connected with the negative pole of high voltage source, the other end of described copper rod 9 is connected with die opening governor motion 13 respectively, junction is between the two insulator, avoid conduction, this die opening governor motion 13 is arranged in vacuum bell jar 2, comprise master calibration chi 23, be fixed on the fixed block 26 of master calibration chi zero graduation line one end, the vernier scale 24 be slidably matched with master calibration chi, one copper rod 9 is fixedly connected with fixed block 26, and the sphere center position being fixed on the spheric electrode on this copper rod is corresponding with the zero graduation line of master calibration chi, another copper rod is fixedly connected with described vernier scale 24, the sphere center position being fixed on the centre of sphere electrode on this copper rod is corresponding with the zero graduation position of vernier scale, vernier scale 24 is provided with tightening screw 25, for the location of vernier scale 24 with master calibration chi 23.When need change spheric electrode distance, only need stir vernier scale, the distance of vernier scale movement can indicate die opening, by screwing tightening screw, the relative master calibration chi of vernier scale is maintained static after moving on to desired location.This distance adjusting mechanism and slide measure similar, described master calibration dipstick metering degree is 3cm, in units of millimeter, vernier scale there is the evenly divided (not shown) that 10 little, overall length 9 millimeters, every one division is 0.9 millimeter, differs 0.1 millimeter than the minimum calibration on main scale, and the pronunciation of the distance between electrode can refer to the method for vernier caliper reading.
Described high voltage source 5 is ± 2500 volts of voltage-stabilized power supplies, which is provided with the voltage-regulation knob 12 for regulation voltage size, and has digital voltmeter 16, the digital electronic ammeter 15 of corresponding range.Described digital electronic ammeter 15 is connected between spheric electrode and high voltage source, and described digital voltmeter 16 is connected in parallel between two spheric electrodes.Digital electronic ammeter is provided with current range and regulates button 17, for selecting the different ranges of digital electronic ammeter, unit is respectively A and mA, also can press back button when current value is excessive and close digital electronic ammeter.
Before experiment, plugged in by power supply slot 21, open master switch 18, background board 6 is extracted out from slot, and checks whether gas valve 8 is tightened, in case leak-stopping gas; Check voltage-regulation knob 12, guarantee that the voltage of high voltage source 5 is zero; Check the oil mass of vavuum pump 4, refuel from tank filler sleeve 7 time not enough.During experiment, open vacuum pump switch 10, vavuum pump 4 is started working, and heat emission fan 19 is also started working.Air in vacuum bell jar 2 is discharged from steam vent 20 by vavuum pump 4, air pressure in vacuum bell jar 2 can reduce, and its internal vacuum will demonstrate on vacuum meter 14, and be closed by vacuum pump switch when vacuum reaches certain value, vacuum bell jar inside will become sealing system, and vacuum can remain unchanged.Now, turn on the power switch 11, high voltage source 5 is opened, and by voltage-regulation button 12 to regulate the voltage between spheric electrode 3, instantaneous voltage and electric current registration read by digital voltmeter 16 and digital electronic ammeter 15.Different electric discharge phenomena have different current ranges, and regulate button 17 to select the different ranges of digital electronic ammeter by pressing current range, unit is respectively A and mA.Also can press back button when current value is excessive and close digital electronic ammeter.Increasing voltage or changing in the process of air pressure, can be observed spark discharge, corona discharge, glow discharge, arc discharge, the voltage x current value of breakdown voltage and various electric discharge phenomena can be recorded, and fixation phenomenon analyzes data, draws experiment conclusion.If need to probe into the impact of die opening on gas discharge phenomenon, then can open vacuum bell jar, change the die opening between spheric electrode by die opening governor motion, then carry out next group experiment.If when needing the electric discharge phenomena of probing into other gas (such as nitrogen, helium, mercury vapour, neon, hydrogen, oxygen etc.), only need first the air in vacuum bell jar to be extracted out, then by gas valve, gas to be probed into is filled with in vacuum (-tight) housing and just can carries out next step and test.In vacuum bell jar, gas breakdown moment spheric electrode both end voltage and vacuum bell jar internal gas pressure relation are as shown in Figure 6.Under different die opening, in vacuum bell jar, the relation of spheric electrode both end voltage and electric current is as shown in Figure 7.
Claims (4)
1. probe into the demo platform of gas discharge phenomenon for one kind, comprise operating desk, vavuum pump, vacuum meter, vacuum bell jar, digital electronic ammeter, digital voltmeter, high voltage source and spheric electrode, operating desk is provided with guidance panel, it is characterized in that: described vacuum bell jar is the transparent body, and is sealed and matched with the upper surface of operating desk; Described vavuum pump and high voltage source are arranged in operating desk; Described vavuum pump is connected with vacuum bell jar by pipeline; Described vacuum meter is connected with vacuum bell jar or with the pipeline for being connected vavuum pump and vacuum bell jar by pipeline; In vacuum (-tight) housing, be provided with two spheric electrodes, two spheric electrodes are connected with the both positive and negative polarity of high voltage source respectively, and described digital electronic ammeter is connected between spheric electrode and high voltage source, and described digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between the both positive and negative polarity of high voltage source;
The upper surface of operating desk is provided with gas valve, and this gas valve is connected with described vacuum bell jar by conduit, is filled with in vacuum bell jar by gas valve by gas with various, realizes probing into of the electric discharge phenomena of gas with various;
Die opening governor motion is provided with in vacuum bell jar, the vernier scale comprising master calibration chi, be fixed on the fixed block of master calibration chi zero graduation line one end, be slidably matched with master calibration chi, one spheric electrode is fixedly connected with fixed block by copper rod, the sphere center position of this spheric electrode is corresponding with the zero graduation line of master calibration chi, another spheric electrode is fixedly connected with described vernier scale by copper rod, the sphere center position of this spheric electrode is corresponding with the zero graduation line on vernier scale, and vernier scale is provided with tightening screw.
2. probe into the demo platform of gas discharge phenomenon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: between connection vavuum pump and the pipeline of vacuum bell jar, be provided with three-way change-over valve, described vacuum meter is connected with three-way change-over valve by rubber tube.
3. probe into the demo platform of gas discharge phenomenon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: be also provided with tank filler sleeve at the upper surface of operating desk, described tank filler sleeve is connected with vavuum pump by oiling pipeline, facilitates and adds in vavuum pump by pumping fluid, lubricate vavuum pump.
4. probe into the demo platform of gas discharge phenomenon according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the rear side of described operating desk longitudinally offers slot, in this slot, be provided with background board, this background board and slot matched in clearance.
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| CN103730045B (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2015-09-30 | 西南大学 | Probe into the comprehensive demonstration instrument that gas discharge phenomenon and air pressure affect boiling point of liquid |
| CN109406973A (en) * | 2018-12-12 | 2019-03-01 | 国家电网有限公司 | It is a kind of to simulate under different defects along the device of face arcing fault |
| CN110689787A (en) * | 2019-10-24 | 2020-01-14 | 南京航空航天大学 | Atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device |
| CN114360341B (en) * | 2021-12-02 | 2022-12-06 | 北京科技大学 | Multi-mode switching plasma discharge experiment demonstration device and method |
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