CN203405993U - Lorentz force demonstration device - Google Patents
Lorentz force demonstration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN203405993U CN203405993U CN201320228349.1U CN201320228349U CN203405993U CN 203405993 U CN203405993 U CN 203405993U CN 201320228349 U CN201320228349 U CN 201320228349U CN 203405993 U CN203405993 U CN 203405993U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a Lorentz force demonstration device, belongs to the field of teaching instruments and equipment, and solves a problem that a conventional Lorentz force demonstration device cannot carry out qualitative demonstration and quantitative data measurement. The device is provided with an excitation coil, a rotating disc, an angle ruler, an angle indicating pointer, a ruler with a vernier, and a binding post for external voltmeter and ammeter, and achieves qualitative and quantitative demonstration test of a Lorentz force. The whole body of the device is placed into a dark wooden case, thereby guaranteeing the stability of the whole device. According to the utility model, the Lorentz force of a magnetic field to a moving electron can be demonstrated, the deflection and circular motion of an electron beam in a uniform strong magnetic field can be demonstrated, the motion track of the electron beam in a three-dimensional space can be observed, the charge mass ratio of the electron can be measured, and the deflection motion of the electron beam under an electric field force can be demonstrated. The effect of an inner light beam of a Lorentz force pipe and the visibility are good. The demonstration test is vivid and the effect is concrete. A teacher can integrate a physical formula of a Lorentz force into the test, thereby deepening the impression of students for the course content of the Lorentz force.
Description
Affiliated technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of conventional Lorentz force apparatus for demonstrating, can demonstrate the experimental apparatus that moving electron is subject to Lorentz force and the physical phenomenons such as deflection in electric field in magnetic field, belongs to education and instruction experimental assembly field.
Background technology
At present, known Lorentz force demonstration instrument has two classes: the first kind is liquid-type Lorentz force demonstration instrument, during demonstration, copper-bath need be poured into electrolytic tank and put into plastic beads or paper scrap, field coil is looped around electrolytic tank outside, to producing magnetic field after field coil energising, bead or paper scrap and copper-bath move under magnetic field force effect, according to the direction of movement direction decision Lorentz force, this demonstration device is to show with the motion of macro object the Lorentz force that microscopic particle is subject to, can not directly demonstrate the stressing conditions of moving electron in magnetic field, can not demonstrate the deflection of electronics in electric field.Equations of The Second Kind is electron beam demonstration device, cathode-ray tube (CRT), intensifying ring, deflecting plate, power supply etc., partly consists of.Power supply provides required voltage for cathode-ray tube (CRT), intensifying ring and deflecting plate, after energising, the electron beam that cathode-ray tube (CRT) produces moves under the effect of intensifying ring, during through deflecting plate, can deflect, during additional magnet, can demonstrate the movement locus of electronics in magnetic field, but this demonstration device is owing to being subject to the restriction of additional magnetic field of magnets distribution, and electronics is difficult to form regular track, and can not measure qualitatively.Teacher, when lecture experiment, is difficult to experimental result to be dissolved in Lorentz force calculating formula, little to the effect of student's rational learning Lorentz force course content.
Utility model content
For overcoming the defect of above-mentioned two class Lorentz force demonstration instruments, the utility model has solved above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, has carried out useful improvement on the basis of above-mentioned Equations of The Second Kind Lorentz force demonstration instrument.
The utility model has adopted following technical scheme for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
The utility model is comprised of dark wooden case, field coil, Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, the scale with vernier, bevel protractor, pointer, power case main body, power case upper cover, rotating disk; Together with power case main body is connected by screw with power case upper cover, power case body interior has power transformer and power circuit plate, and power case main body front is provided with deflecting plate voltage direction switch, deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob, intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob, intensifying ring voltage table, excitation ammeter, exciting current amplitude knob, power switch device, exciting current direction switch; The power case main body back side be provided with～220V electric power connection line seat, exciting current external impressed current table binding post, intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post, copper sheet of cross-over connection between two binding posts of exciting current external impressed current table, should take off this copper sheet while using external impressed current table; At the neck of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, be inserted in the bevel protractor of circular ring type, the perpendicular at the electron beam place that 0 ° of line on bevel protractor goes out with Lorentz lorentz's solenoid internal emission overlaps; Drawing in the insertion rotating disk that pin is corresponding of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, rotating disk is divided into upper and lower two runners, on take turns and be provided with a milled screw, fixedly rotating disk covers and prevents from rotating on power case if desired; Lower runner is with the fairlead corresponding with Lorentz lorentz's solenoid fairlead pin, and Lorentz lorentz's solenoid can be wired to power circuit plate by its each pin after inserting; Upper and lower runner is inserted in by screw and nut in the center drilling of power case upper cover, and rotating disk drives Lorentz lorentz's solenoid to rotate while freely rotating; Pointer is to be used to refer to the residing anglec of rotation of current Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, is screwed on power case and covers, and faces the scale mark of bevel protractor; Field coil is to be in series by two identical coils, two coils are parallel to each other and coaxially place, placement distance between two coils equals the radius of coil, after coil electricity, near two coil axis mid points, can obtain a uniform magnetic field, field coil is fixed by screws on power case and covers, and Lorentz lorentz's solenoid is in field coil center; In the front of field coil coil by-level, laterally load onto one with the scale of vernier, with the scale of vernier, can within the scope of 20mm, transfer up and down, for determining the center line of beam trace circle; Vernier can slide on scale, the track diameter of a circle forming during for definite electronics circular motion; Observing effect and protection Lorentz lorentz solenoid while demonstrating for strengthening; the instrument more than assembling packs dark wooden case into; in dark wooden case inside face, all coat Berlin black, dark wooden case front can be dismantled, and dark wooden case bottom is carried out reinforcement by connection with holding screw by dark wooden case underframe and power case bottom part body.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are: instrument internal beam effect is obvious, visibility is large, can magnetic field demonstration to the Lorentz force of moving electron, demonstration electron beam, the deflection in uniform magnetic field and circular motion, observable electron beam are at three-dimensional motion track, the specific charge of measuring electronics and the yaw motion of demonstration electron beam under electric field force effect, teacher can also be according to electromagnetics teaching content tissue test flexibly.The physical computing formula of Lorentz force can be incorporated to test, deepen the impression of student to Lorentz force course content simultaneously.Can surely realize qualitatively demonstration and quantitative measurement, allow student is popular understands the whole chapter curriculum experiment of electromagnetics content.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the utility model is further illustrated.
Fig. 1 is front view of the present utility model.
Fig. 2 is axonometric drawing of the present utility model.
Fig. 3 is rear view of the present utility model.
Fig. 4 is that the utility model is partly assembled axonometric drawing
In accompanying drawing: 1. dark wooden case, 2. field coil, 3. Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, 4. with the scale of vernier, 5. bevel protractor, 6. pointer, 7. power case main body, 8. deflecting plate voltage direction switch, 9. deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob, 10. intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob, 11. intensifying ring voltage tables, 12. excitation ammeters, 13. exciting current amplitude knobs, 14. power switch devices, 15. exciting current direction switches, 16. power case upper covers, 17. rotating disks, 18.～220V electric power connection line seat, 19. exciting current external impressed current table binding posts, 20. intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding posts.
Embodiment
Fig. 1, Fig. 2, embodiment illustrated in fig. 4 in, Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3 is one and steeps the electron gun of an in-built special construction with the large glass envelope of neck, is filled with the inert gas of certain pressure intensity in pipe after being evacuated.When regulating intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob 10 to add after suitable voltage, just launch a branch of electron beam.There is the electronics of certain energy and Inert gas molecule collision, make Inert gas molecule ionization luminous, thus electron beam see optical track on the path of process.At the neck of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3, be inserted in the bevel protractor 5 of a circular ring type, when adding intensifying ring voltage only to Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3, electron beam trace is straight line, 0 ° of line place of orientation angle chi 5.Rotating disk 17 is divided into upper and lower two runners, on take turns and be provided with a milled screw, fixedly rotating disk prevents from rotating on power case upper cover 16 if desired; Lower runner is with the fairlead corresponding with Lorentz lorentz's solenoid fairlead pin, and Lorentz lorentz's solenoid can be wired to power circuit plate by its each pin after inserting; Upper and lower runner is inserted in by screw and nut and in the center drilling of power case upper cover 16, guarantees the rotation of 360 °, the pin of drawing of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3 is cooperatively interacted and inserts rotating disk 17 with pin bores corresponding on rotating disk 17, rotating disk 17 drives Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3 to rotate while rotating, the angle of rotation is the angle of electron motion direction and magnetic direction; On while rotating disk 17, take turns and be provided with a milled screw, fixedly rotating disk 17 prevents from rotating on power case upper cover 16 if desired; In order to allow, experimenter is clear knows the direction of electron motion and the angle of magnetic direction angle accurately, and pointer 6 screws are fixed on power case upper cover 16, faces the scale on bevel protractor 5.
In formula: the number of turn of N-coil; I-exciting current (A); R-coil radius (m)
Fig. 2, embodiment illustrated in fig. 3 in, power case main body 7 inside are for supplying with the whole circuit of the needed voltage of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3 each electrode, including power transformer and power circuit plate.Deflecting plate voltage direction switch 8, deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob 9, intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob 10, intensifying ring voltage table 11, excitation ammeter 12, exciting current amplitude knob 13, power switch device 14, exciting current direction switch 15 ,～220V electric power connection line seat 18, exciting current external impressed current table binding post 19, intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post 20 are whole network components.Intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob 10 is given after Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3 making alives, send a branch of electron beam, can see green straight line optical track, regulate after deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob 9 making alives, can see the yaw motion of electronics under electric field force effect, change the yawing moment that deflecting plate voltage direction switch 8 can change electron beam.
If connect the power supply of field coil 2, in the uniform magnetic field that electron beam produces at coil, be subject to Lorentz force action, the size of this power is:
F=-eBVsin α (formula 2)
In formula: the Lorentz force that F-electronics is subject to; B-magnetic induction density; The electric charge of e-electronics; The movement velocity of V-electron beam; Angle between α-electron motion direction and magnetic field force direction.
The direction of Lorentz force determines by left-hand rule, and according to varying in size of α, electron beam motion track has three kinds of situations:
When α=0 ° or 180 °, electron motion direction is consistent with magnetic direction or contrary, and electronics is not subject to Lorentz force action, and the track of electron beam is straight line.
When α=90 ° or 270 °, electron motion direction is vertical with magnetic direction, and Lorentz force obtains the effect of electronics centripetal force to moving, make electron motion become uniform circular motion, and the track of motion is a circle, and its radius is R, and centripetal force is
the quality that wherein m is electronics.According to above-mentioned analysis, can calculate the specific charge of electronics.
The centripetal force that electronics is subject to is the Lorentz force that electronics is subject in uniform magnetic field,
Electronics, under the effect of intensifying ring voltage U a, makes electronics obtain certain kinetic energy;
In formula 6, intensifying ring voltage U a is the displayed value of intensifying ring voltage table 11, and exciting current I is the displayed value of excitation ammeter 12, and electronics track radius of a circle R can measure by the scale 4 with vernier on field coil 2.Intensifying ring voltage U a and exciting current I also can pass through intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post 20 and exciting current external impressed current table binding post 19 external high-precision reometer and voltage tables, make measured data of experiment more accurate, and calculated value is more accurate.
When electron motion direction and magnetic direction are unspecified angle, can be by electron motion Directional Decomposition for being parallel to magnetic field and perpendicular to two, magnetic field component, parallel magnetic field component does not stress, still moving linearly, vertical magnetic field component is subject to the effect of Lorentz force, circles.Therefore the synthetic track of electron motion is helix, changes 15 directions that change spiral rotating of exciting current direction switch, by the inverse time (or up time), changes up time (or inverse time) into.The utility model operation instruction is as follows:
One, use preliminary work
Instrument is first placed each button position: intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob 10 before using in the requsst listed below---forward counterclockwise zero to; Exciting current direction switch 15---open circuit; Deflecting plate voltage direction switch 8---open circuit; Deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob 9---forward counterclockwise 50V to.Check the situation of the copper sheet of exciting current external impressed current table binding post 19 cross-over connections, electric power connection line insertion～220V electric power connection line seat 18 is connected to civil powers, open power switch device 14, in Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3, filament is shinny, and preheating a few minutes can be used.
Two, the motion of demonstration electron beam in uniform magnetic field
(1) deflection of demonstration electron beam in magnetic field: after 3 preheatings of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, strengthen the straight line track that intensifying ring voltage just can be seen electron beam.Rotate Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3, make beam trace point to the left side, and parallel with field coil 2 axis.Exciting current direction switch 15 is pushed to " inverse time " position, and beam trace deflects down; Pushing " up time " position upward deflects.
(2) observe electron beam circles in uniform magnetic field: strengthen gradually exciting current, can see that the track of electron beam forms a circle
(3) observe electron beam at three-dimensional motion track: rotate Lorentz lorentz's solenoid 3, when beam direction is parallel with magnetic direction, the track of electron beam is a straight line; When beam direction and magnetic direction are unspecified angle, beam trace is helix.
Three, the measurement of electron charge-mass ratio
Can measure according to formula 6 specific charge of electronics.With the scale 4 with vernier, measure track diameter of a circle D, read accelerating potential U on intensifying ring voltage table 11, read current I on excitation ammeter 12, can calculate the specific charge of electronics by the data substitution formula 6 recording.Want to make the specific charge data that record accurate, can outside exciting current external impressed current table binding post 19 and intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post 20, connect reometer and the voltage table that degree of accuracy is higher, during external impressed current table, the copper sheet of cross-over connection should be taken off.
Four, the yaw motion of demonstration electron beam under electric field action
Exciting current direction switch 15 is pushed to " opening circuit " position, and deflecting plate voltage direction switch 8 pushes " on just " position, can see that beam trace upward deflects; Otherwise, deflect down.Strengthen deflection voltage, deflection angle increases; Increase accelerator card voltage, deflection of a beam of electrons angle reduces.With this demonstration, can verify the following formula that represents deflection angle size:
In formula: φ---deflection angle; V
a---the magnitude of voltage on deflecting plate; D---the distance between two deflecting plate; The speed of V---electron motion
Above embodiment of the present utility model is had been described in detail, but described content is only preferably embodiment of the utility model, can not be considered to for limiting practical range of the present utility model.
Claims (6)
1. a Lorentz force demonstration instrument, is comprised of dark wooden case, field coil, Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, the scale with vernier, bevel protractor, pointer, power case main body, power case upper cover, rotating disk; Together with power case main body is connected by screw with power case upper cover, power case body interior has power transformer and power circuit plate, and power case main body front is provided with deflecting plate voltage direction switch, deflecting plate voltage magnitude knob, intensifying ring voltage-regulation knob, intensifying ring voltage table, excitation ammeter, exciting current amplitude knob, power switch device, exciting current direction switch; The power case main body back side be provided with～220V electric power connection line seat, exciting current external impressed current table binding post, intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post; At the neck of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, be inserted in the bevel protractor of circular ring type, the perpendicular at the electron beam place that 0 ° of line on bevel protractor goes out with Lorentz lorentz's solenoid internal emission overlaps; Drawing in the insertion rotating disk that pin is corresponding of Lorentz lorentz's solenoid; Rotating disk drives Lorentz lorentz's solenoid to rotate while freely rotating, pointer is to be used to refer to the residing anglec of rotation of current Lorentz lorentz's solenoid, is screwed on power case and covers, and faces the scale mark of bevel protractor; Field coil is fixed by screws on power case and covers, and adds that one with the scale of vernier on the coil of the front of field coil, the observing effect when instrument more than assembling packs dark wooden case with enhancing demonstration into.
2. Lorentz force demonstration instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: field coil is to be in series by two identical coils, two coils are parallel to each other and coaxially place, placement distance between two coils equals the radius of coil, after coil electricity, near two coil axis mid points, can obtain a uniform magnetic field, the center that Lorentz lorentz's solenoid should be in field coil.
3. Lorentz force demonstration instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: rotating disk is divided into upper and lower two runners, on take turns and be provided with a milled screw, fixedly rotating disk covers and prevents from rotating on power case; Lower runner is with the fairlead corresponding with Lorentz lorentz's solenoid fairlead pin, and Lorentz lorentz's solenoid can be wired to power circuit plate by its each pin after inserting; Upper and lower runner is inserted in by screw and nut in the center drilling of power case upper cover, and rotating disk drives Lorentz lorentz's solenoid to rotate while freely rotating.
4. Lorentz force demonstration instrument according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the front of field coil, coil by-level is laterally loaded onto the scale with vernier, slide calliper rule with vernier can be transferred up and down within the scope of 20mm, for determining the center line of beam trace circle; Vernier can slide on scale, the track diameter of a circle forming during for definite electronics circular motion.
5. Lorentz force demonstration instrument according to claim 1; it is characterized in that: in dark wooden case inside face, all coat Berlin black; strengthen the vision observing effect of electron beam; dark wooden case front can be dismantled; dark wooden case bottom is carried out reinforcement by connection with holding screw by dark wooden case underframe and power case bottom part body, can protect Lorentz lorentz's solenoid not collided in carrying.
6. Lorentz force demonstration instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that: copper sheet of cross-over connection between two binding posts of exciting current external impressed current table, should take off this copper sheet while using external impressed current table; Exciting current external impressed current table binding post and intensifying ring voltage external voltage table binding post are for external high-precision reometer and voltage table, make measured data of experiment more accurate.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320228349.1U CN203405993U (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Lorentz force demonstration device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201320228349.1U CN203405993U (en) | 2013-04-26 | 2013-04-26 | Lorentz force demonstration device |
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| CN203405993U true CN203405993U (en) | 2014-01-22 |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2666923C1 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-09-18 | Олег Фёдорович Меньших | Device for demonstration of rotation of free electrons in closed system |
| RU2667893C1 (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-09-25 | Олег Фёдорович Меньших | Device for studying vacuum discharge of electrons in magnetic field |
| CN110619786A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-27 | 合肥探奥自动化有限公司 | Cathode ray demonstration device |
| CN110930841A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 甘肃科技馆 | Electron beam display teaching device |
-
2013
- 2013-04-26 CN CN201320228349.1U patent/CN203405993U/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2666923C1 (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2018-09-18 | Олег Фёдорович Меньших | Device for demonstration of rotation of free electrons in closed system |
| RU2667893C1 (en) * | 2018-01-18 | 2018-09-25 | Олег Фёдорович Меньших | Device for studying vacuum discharge of electrons in magnetic field |
| CN110619786A (en) * | 2018-06-18 | 2019-12-27 | 合肥探奥自动化有限公司 | Cathode ray demonstration device |
| CN110930841A (en) * | 2019-12-31 | 2020-03-27 | 甘肃科技馆 | Electron beam display teaching device |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C56 | Change in the name or address of the patentee | ||
| CP03 | Change of name, title or address |
Address after: Xihu District city of Hangzhou in West Zhejiang province 310000 flower Jiang Road No. 468 Patentee after: HANGZHOU JULION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT CO.,LTD. Address before: 310000 No. 468 Hua Jiang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, Xihu District Patentee before: HANG ZHOU JULION TECHNOLOGY AND DEVELOPMENT Co.,Ltd. |
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| CX01 | Expiry of patent term |
Granted publication date: 20140122 |
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| CX01 | Expiry of patent term | ||
| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |
Addressee: Zhang Bing Document name: Notice of Termination of Patent Rights |
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| DD01 | Delivery of document by public notice |