CN110689787A - Atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device - Google Patents
Atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device Download PDFInfo
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- CN110689787A CN110689787A CN201911016107.4A CN201911016107A CN110689787A CN 110689787 A CN110689787 A CN 110689787A CN 201911016107 A CN201911016107 A CN 201911016107A CN 110689787 A CN110689787 A CN 110689787A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/181—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for electric and magnetic fields; for voltages; for currents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/06—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics
- G09B23/18—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism
- G09B23/183—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for physics for electricity or magnetism for circuits
Abstract
The invention discloses an atmospheric air discharge teaching demonstration device which comprises an image acquisition module, a high-voltage discharge module, a variable resistance module, a high-voltage power supply module, an electrode spacing control module, a circuit protection detection module, an intelligent control module and a discharge demonstration module. The electrode spacing control module is mechanically connected with the high-voltage discharge module and used for adjusting the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode. The variable resistance module is electrically connected in series between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage power supply module. The image acquisition module acquires a discharge image between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode and transmits the discharge image to the intelligent control module, the intelligent control module transmits the discharge image to the discharge demonstration module for demonstration, and the circuit protection detection module is used for acquiring a temperature signal and a voltage signal in the high-voltage discharge module and transmitting the temperature signal and the voltage signal to the intelligent control module. The invention solves the problems of single teaching content, complex operation mode, poor discharge stability, insufficient safety measures, low demonstration efficiency and the like in the prior art.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of high voltage, and particularly relates to a discharge teaching demonstration device.
Background
Atmospheric ionosphere, natural lightning, corona discharge on a power transmission line, arc discharge in a switch closing process and the like are common gas discharge phenomena. Corona discharge can generate ozone for air purification and wastewater and waste gas treatment. The atmospheric glow discharge is uniformly distributed in space, does not need a vacuum system, and has great application value in many aspects such as sterilization, disinfection, air purification, ozone preparation, film surface modification and the like. The discharge channels of spark discharge are concentrated, and the instantaneous discharge current is high, so that the spark discharge can be used for combustion ignition and flow control. Therefore, the gas discharge has a plurality of discharge modes, and can be applied to different practical situations respectively. Gas discharge is one of the important chapters in the "high voltage technology" course. In order to make students recognize the air discharge phenomenon, understand the gas discharge mechanism and master the air insulation design, it is necessary to develop air discharge experimental teaching in the course of high voltage technology. Many experimental facilities that high-voltage technology course related to in China often directly are transformed by the power equipment who is applicable to the electric wire netting and come, belong to customization equipment, and equipment is bulky, the cost is expensive (unit price 4-10 ten thousand etc.), experimental use type is single. The existing atmospheric pressure high-voltage discharge demonstration experiment usually adopts a needle-needle electrode structure, and the obtained discharge mode is single and the discharge is unstable; in the teaching demonstration process, the high-voltage direct-current power supply and the close-range contact high-voltage discharge device need to be adjusted manually to adjust the electrode distance, so that certain threat is caused to the personal safety; in addition, the discharge channel is narrow and not suitable for simultaneous observation of multiple persons, and the teaching demonstration efficiency is low.
The following is a prior art discharge demonstration device:
a high-voltage discharge demonstration device, see chinese patent 1 (grant publication No. CN 202584520U), which discloses a high-voltage discharge demonstration device, as shown in fig. 1, a 220V power supply, a switch S, a circuit breaking protector RD, a transformer T1, a bridge stack QL, a capacitor C1, a first coil L1, a second coil L2, a resistor R, a potentiometer RW, a triode V, a high-frequency transformer T2, a high-voltage coil L3, a high-voltage silicon stack D, and a high-voltage capacitor C2. The 220V power supply is connected with a transformer through a switch and a circuit-breaking protector, and is supplied to a high-frequency self-oscillation loop consisting of a first coil, a second coil, a resistor, a potentiometer and a triode through transformer transformation, bridge rectifier and capacitor filter, high-frequency electricity generated by the high-frequency self-oscillation loop induces high voltage on a high-voltage coil through a high-frequency transformer, the high-voltage coil is rectified by a high-voltage silicon stack to charge a high-voltage capacitor, and high voltage of about ten thousand volts is generated at two ends of the high-voltage capacitor to generate arc discharge. In technical training, it can make educated persons know the generation process, extinguishing process, discharge form and the harmfulness of the equipment. The device has the following disadvantages: (1) the distance adjustment of the discharge electrodes is manual adjustment, so that the accuracy, the uniform speed and the controllability cannot be realized, and the arc discharge characteristic is greatly influenced; (2) only an arc discharge mode is adopted, the mode is too single, and a plurality of discharge modes cannot be stably realized; (3) the operator is in close contact with high-voltage discharge without automatic circuit protection, and great potential threats are caused to equipment and personal safety in the teaching demonstration process; (4) the discharge passage is narrow and small, is not suitable for being observed by multiple persons at the same time, and has lower teaching efficiency.
The following is a study of various discharge modes:
an experimental study on the development process of a needle plate direct current positive and negative corona in air is disclosed in document 1 (Liumin, Tangtorch, Pan. in air. experimental study on the development process of a needle plate direct current positive and negative corona in air [ J ]. high voltage technology, 2016,42(4):1018 and 1027.), wherein a plurality of discharge modes of a needle plate electrode are studied. The schematic diagram of the experimental device for the research is shown in fig. 2, and the schematic diagram includes a voltage regulator T1, a transformer T2, protection resistors R1 and R2, a capacitive voltage divider C1 and C2, a high-voltage silicon stack D1, a filter capacitor C3, an air chamber G1, a coupling capacitor Ck, and a detection impedance R3 transmission cable R4. The 220V alternating voltage is converted into direct voltage after voltage regulation, voltage boosting and rectification filtering, the direct voltage is applied to the needle plate electrode, alternating current generated by discharging generates alternating voltage at two ends of the detection impedance through the coupling resistor, and the alternating voltage is displayed and stored by the digital oscilloscope. In the research process, the air chamber is vacuumized, and after standing for 30min, dry air with 1 standard atmospheric pressure is charged, and various discharge modes are generated by changing the electrode spacing of the needle plate and the direct-current voltage. The disadvantages of this study are: (1) the experimental device comprises a vacuum cavity, and the equipment is expensive; (2) the needle plate electrode is arranged in the vacuum cavity, and an electrode spacing adjusting device is not arranged, so that the electrode spacing cannot be conveniently and accurately controlled continuously, and the influence on the discharge stability is large; (3) the influence of the current limiting resistor on the discharge mode is not discussed; (4) the discharge gap is small, the discharge gap is arranged in the vacuum cavity, the operation is complex, and the vacuum chamber is not suitable for teaching demonstration.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems mentioned in the background art, the invention provides an atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device, which solves the problems of single teaching content, complex operation mode, poor discharge stability, insufficient safety measures, low demonstration efficiency and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
an atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device comprises an image acquisition module, a high-voltage discharge module, a variable resistance module, a high-voltage power supply module, an electrode spacing control module, a circuit protection detection module, an intelligent control module and a discharge demonstration module; the image acquisition module, the variable resistance module, the high-voltage power supply module, the electrode spacing control module, the circuit protection detection module and the discharge demonstration module are respectively and electrically connected with the intelligent control module; the high-voltage discharge module comprises a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode and a protective cover, the protective cover is a transparent insulating cover, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are arranged in the protective cover, a micro-bulge is arranged in the center of the ground electrode, the high-voltage electrode is a needle electrode, and the front end of the high-voltage electrode is aligned to the highest point of the micro-bulge in the center of the ground electrode; the electrode spacing control module is mechanically connected with the high-voltage discharge module and adjusts the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode according to a control instruction sent by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module is electrically connected in series between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage power supply module, the high-voltage power supply module applies power supply voltage to the high-voltage electrode through the variable resistance module, and the high-voltage power supply module adjusts the voltage value and the voltage polarity output by the high-voltage power supply module according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module adjusts the equivalent resistance of the variable resistance module according to a control instruction issued by the intelligent control module; the image acquisition module acquires a discharge image between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode and transmits the discharge image to the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module transmits the discharge image to the discharge demonstration module for demonstration; the circuit protection detection module is used for collecting temperature signals and voltage signals in the high-voltage discharge module and transmitting the temperature signals and the voltage signals to the intelligent control module, the intelligent control module judges whether the temperature values and the voltage values exceed preset warning values or not, and if the temperature values and the voltage values exceed the preset warning values, the intelligent control module immediately sends a turn-off signal to the high-voltage power supply module, so that the high-voltage power supply module is rapidly turned off.
Further, the flow of teaching demonstration by adopting the atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device is as follows:
(1) starting switches of the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module to finish clear imaging before discharge;
(2) the power supply voltage, the resistance value of the resistor and the electrode distance are input into the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module inputs parameters to control the high-voltage power supply module, the variable resistance module and the electrode distance control module to finish discharge demonstration preparation;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of starting a switch of a high-voltage power supply module, observing a breakdown image of a discharge gap on a discharge demonstration module, and starting discharge demonstration, wherein the demonstration comprises the following demonstration items:
(a) observing the multi-mode discharge experiment phenomenon by changing the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply module, the equivalent resistance value of the variable resistance module and the electrode spacing;
(b) observing a corona initiation phenomenon and drawing a breakdown characteristic curve by accurately controlling the output voltage and the electrode spacing of the high-voltage power supply module;
(c) and the polarity effect experiment is completed by changing the voltage polarity of the high-voltage power supply module.
(4) After the demonstration is finished, the high-voltage power supply module is turned off, then the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module are turned off, and finally the intelligent control module is turned off.
Furthermore, the variable resistance module comprises 1 small resistor, M large resistors, N high-voltage switches and a switch driving module thereof, the resistance value of the large resistor is at least 20 times of that of the 1 small resistor, the large resistors are electrically connected in series and then electrically connected in parallel with the small resistors, the 1 high-voltage switches are electrically connected in series with the small resistors, in addition, the N-1 high-voltage switches are respectively electrically connected in parallel with one large resistor or a plurality of large resistors connected in series, each high-voltage switch is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the corresponding switch driving module, and the opening and the closing of each high-voltage switch are driven according to a control instruction sent by the intelligent control module.
Further, the electrode spacing control module comprises a stepping motor, a motor driving module and a lead screw guide rail; an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected to the ground electrode through a lead screw guide rail, a driving end of the stepping motor is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the motor driving module, and the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is accurately controlled according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module.
Furthermore, the circuit protection detection module comprises a temperature sensor, a current sampling resistor, a voltage sensor and an A/D converter, wherein the temperature sensor is buried in the ground electrode, the current sampling resistor is electrically connected in series between the ground electrode and the ground, the voltage sensor collects voltage signals at two ends of the current sampling resistor, and the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor and the current signal collected by the voltage sensor are converted into digital signals through the A/D converter and then are transmitted to the intelligent control module.
Further, in the high-voltage discharge module, the diameter of the high-voltage electrode is less than 1 mm; the ground electrode is a circular plate electrode with a central micro-bulge, the diameter of the ground electrode is 5-8cm, and the thickness of the ground electrode is 0.5-1 cm; the micro-bulge is semicircular, and the curvature radius of the micro-bulge is 3-8 mm; the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the highest point of the micro-protrusion of the ground electrode is 0-50 mm; the protective cover is cubic, has at least 10cm long, 10cm wide and 15cm high, and has a thickness of 0.5cm or more, and is made of glass.
Furthermore, the intelligent control module comprises a microcontroller, a power supply and a human-computer interaction panel, the power supply and the human-computer interaction module are electrically connected with the microcontroller respectively, the human-computer interaction module is used for inputting the output voltage value and polarity of the high-voltage pulse power supply, the equivalent resistance value of the variable resistance module and the distance between the discharge electrode and the ground electrode, and the microcontroller generates a control command according to the parameters input by the human-computer interaction module and sends the control command to the corresponding module.
Furthermore, the microcontroller is electrically connected with the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module, and the microcontroller amplifies a discharge area on the discharge image by a bilinear interpolation algorithm and then transmits the amplified discharge area to the discharge demonstration module.
Further, the image acquisition module comprises a camera, an FIFO chip, a CPLD chip and a memory; the camera is just opposite to the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, the signal output end of the camera is electrically connected with the CPLD chip through the FIFO chip, and the memory and the intelligent control module are respectively electrically connected with the CPLD chip.
Furthermore, the discharge demonstration module comprises a liquid crystal display and a serial communication interface, the liquid crystal display is directly electrically connected with the intelligent control module, and other projection equipment is electrically connected with the intelligent control module through the serial communication interface; the high-voltage power supply module adopts a high-voltage direct-current power supply, the output voltage range is 0-50kV, the output power range is 0-10kW, and the positive and negative polarities are adjustable.
Adopt the beneficial effect that above-mentioned technical scheme brought:
(1) according to the invention, the micro-protrusions are designed on the surface of the ground electrode, so that an electric field is more concentrated near the micro-protrusions, a discharge channel is more stable, and unstable discharge caused by the deviation of the discharge channel is improved;
(2) the variable resistance module is added, so that the wide-range equivalent resistance value change can be realized, and various discharge modes and teaching demonstration thereof can be obtained;
(3) according to the invention, by changing the electrode spacing, the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply module and the equivalent resistance of the variable resistance module, various discharge modes such as corona discharge, filament discharge, similar glow discharge, spark discharge and arc discharge can be generated, and the teaching content is enriched;
(4) the invention can develop a plurality of high-voltage technology teaching experiments, such as a multi-mode discharge experiment, a corona initial experiment, an air gap breakdown experiment, a polarity effect experiment and the like, and has rich teaching items and multiple functions;
(5) the distance between the electrodes is accurately controlled through the stepping motor and the lever wire guide rail, the discharge stability is assisted to be enhanced, the relation between the distance between the electrodes and a discharge mode can be accurately and quantitatively obtained, and the teaching effect is improved;
(6) aiming at the problem that the discharge gap is small and the observation is difficult to realize by naked eyes, the electrode discharge image is displayed on a liquid crystal display or a projection screen after being amplified by a camera and processed by a bilinear interpolation algorithm by adopting an image acquisition module and a discharge demonstration module, so that a plurality of people can simultaneously observe the discharge phenomenon, and the teaching efficiency is improved;
(7) according to the temperature and current information in the circuit protection detection module, the high-voltage power supply can be quickly cut off when the equipment is overheated or the current is overlarge, so that the automatic protection function is achieved, and the safety and reliability are realized;
(8) all operations of the device are performed through a human-computer interaction interface, and the device is simple to operate, safe and reliable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of patent 1 in the background art;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of document 1 in the background art;
FIG. 3 is an overall composition block diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the specific components of the present invention;
the numbering in fig. 4 illustrates:
1. a CPLD chip; 2. an FIFO chip; 3. a camera; 4. a memory; 5. a protective cover; 6. electrode fixing device, 7, high voltage electrode; 8. a ground electrode; 9. a stepping motor; 10. a lead screw guide rail; 11. a motor drive module 11; 12. a low voltage DC power supply; 13 a temperature sensor; 14. a current sampling resistor; 15. a voltage sensor; 16. an A/D converter; 17. a resistance; 18 a high voltage switch; 19. a switch drive module; 20. a high voltage direct current power supply; 21. a power supply; 22. a microcontroller; 23. a human-computer interaction panel; 24. a liquid crystal display; 25. a serial communication interface;
fig. 5 is a specific circuit diagram of the variable resistance module of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is explained in detail in the following with the accompanying drawings.
The invention designs an atmospheric air discharge teaching demonstration device, which comprises an image acquisition module, a high-voltage discharge module, a variable resistance module, a high-voltage power supply module, an electrode spacing control module, a circuit protection detection module, an intelligent control module and a discharge demonstration module, as shown in figure 3.
As shown in fig. 3, the image acquisition module, the variable resistance module, the high-voltage power supply module, the electrode spacing control module, the circuit protection detection module and the discharge demonstration module are respectively and electrically connected with the intelligent control module; the high-voltage discharge module comprises a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode and a protective cover, the protective cover is a transparent insulating cover, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are arranged in the protective cover, a micro-bulge is arranged in the center of the ground electrode, the high-voltage electrode is a needle electrode, and the front end of the high-voltage electrode is aligned to the highest point of the micro-bulge in the center of the ground electrode; the electrode spacing control module is mechanically connected with the high-voltage discharge module and adjusts the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode according to a control instruction sent by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module is electrically connected in series between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage power supply module, the high-voltage power supply module applies power supply voltage to the high-voltage electrode through the variable resistance module, and the high-voltage power supply module adjusts the voltage value and the voltage polarity output by the high-voltage power supply module according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module adjusts the equivalent resistance of the variable resistance module according to a control instruction issued by the intelligent control module; the image acquisition module acquires a discharge image between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode and transmits the discharge image to the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module transmits the discharge image to the discharge demonstration module for demonstration; the circuit protection detection module is used for collecting temperature signals and voltage signals in the high-voltage discharge module and transmitting the temperature signals and the voltage signals to the intelligent control module, the intelligent control module judges whether the temperature values and the voltage values exceed preset warning values or not, and if the temperature values and the voltage values exceed the preset warning values, the intelligent control module immediately sends a turn-off signal to the high-voltage power supply module, so that the high-voltage power supply module is rapidly turned off.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the image acquisition module includes a CPLD chip 1, a FIFO chip 2 (first-in first-out buffer), a camera 3, and a memory 4. Wherein, the memory adopts SDRAM. The camera is electrically connected to the FIFO and the CPLD, the FIFO and the SDRAM are electrically connected to the CPLD, the CPLD is electrically connected to the intelligent control module, and the camera lens is over against the high-voltage discharge module. The camera is a CMOS image sensor, has a frame frequency of more than 30fps, pixels of more than 320 multiplied by 240, a magnification factor of more than 3 times and a working temperature of-30-70 ℃, is used for collecting and amplifying discharge images in an electrode gap, and has the characteristics of visual imaging, high sensitivity, stable performance and the like. FIFO storage depth is more than 12, storage bit number is more than 8, and data loss caused by different data transmission and read-write frequencies can be effectively avoided. The CPLD is designed based on Verilog language and comprises a camera synchronous acquisition module, an SDRAM storage control module and an SPI communication module, wherein the camera synchronous acquisition module is used for controlling a camera lens and acquiring image information, the SDRAM storage control module transmits images into an SDRAM, the SPI communication module transmits the stored images into a microprocessor of an intelligent control module, and the CPLD can reduce the requirements of a system on a single chip microcomputer and ensure the real-time performance and the accuracy of information transmission. The capacity of the SDRAM is above 4M Byte, the working temperature is 0-70 ℃, and the SDRAM is used for storing image data acquired by the camera.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the high voltage discharge module includes a protective cover 5, an electrode fixing device 6, a high voltage electrode 7, and a ground electrode 8. Wherein, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are arranged in the protective cover and are fixed by the electrode fixing device. The high-voltage electrode is a needle electrode with the diameter of less than 1 mm. The ground electrode is a circular plate electrode containing a central micro-bulge, the diameter of the circular plate electrode is 5-8cm, and the thickness of the circular plate electrode is 0.5-1 cm. The micro-bulge is in a semicircular shape, and the curvature radius is 3-8 mm. The high-voltage electrode is opposite to the micro-convex highest point of the ground electrode, and the distance is 0-50 mm. The electrode is made of copper, aluminum, stainless steel, molybdenum or tungsten. The electrode fixing device is a special threaded insulating clamping sleeve which is customized according to the shape and the size of the electrode. The protective cover is a transparent square insulating cover with the size of more than 10cm multiplied by 15cm and the thickness of more than 0.5cm, and is made of organic glass.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the electrode distance control module includes a stepping motor 9, a lead screw guide rail 10, a motor driving module 11, and a low voltage dc power supply 12. The stepping motor is connected to the ground electrode of the high-voltage discharge module through the lead screw guide rail, and the stepping motor is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the motor driver, so that the precise control of the electrode distance is realized. The working current of the stepping motor is 1.5A, and the output torque is 0.28 Nm. The motor driving module inputs 9-42V direct-current voltage and outputs 4A current, and the fine current is more than 4. The precision of the lead screw guide rail is 0.05-0.3mm, and the effective stroke is more than 100 mm. The low voltage dc power supply 12 outputs a voltage of 24V.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the circuit protection detection module includes a temperature sensor 13, a current sampling resistor 14, a voltage sensor 15, and an a/D converter 16. The temperature sensor is buried in the ground electrode, the current sampling resistor is electrically connected between the ground electrode and the ground in series, and the voltage sensor acquires voltages at two ends of the current sampling resistor. The temperature sensor and the voltage sensor are electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the A/D converter. The temperature sensor is a patch type temperature sensor, has a measurement range of-50-450 ℃, and is used for detecting local electrode overheating caused by air discharge. The resistance value of the current sampling resistor is 100-1000 omega, and the current signal is converted into a low-voltage signal. The A/D converter has more than 8 bits and 0-70 deg.c working temperature, and converts the analog signal into digital signal and transmits the digital signal to the intelligent control module. Through temperature and current detection, can make intelligent control module judge heavy current and overheated that the short circuit of electric circuit arouses to in time protect the action, avoid equipment damage and personal safety risk.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the variable resistance module includes a resistor 17, a high voltage switch 18, and a switch driving module 19. In the resistor 17, a plurality of large resistors and a small resistor are included. The large resistors are electrically connected in series and then electrically connected in parallel with the small resistors; the high-voltage switch is electrically connected in parallel with one or more large resistors, and the small resistors are electrically connected in series with the high-voltage switch; the high-voltage switch is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the switch driving module. The intelligent control module can obtain different equivalent resistances by controlling the on and off of the high-voltage switch. The small resistor and the fixed resistor are high-voltage non-inductive resistors, the withstand voltage value is 10 kV-30 kV, the resistance value is 1M omega-20M omega, and the number of the resistors with the resistance values of the fixed resistor is more than 5; the high-voltage switch is a high-voltage silicon controlled thyristor, the withstand voltage value is 1 kV-10 kV, and the turn-off time is 16 mus-35 mus; the switch driving circuit is provided with optical coupling isolation protection, can output driving voltage of +/-10V, and has driving current amplitude of over 100 mA. Through series-parallel combination and intelligent control of the resistor and the switch, the equivalent resistor can be changed in a wide range, and the variable range of the equivalent resistor is at least 0.1-5 times of the resistance value of the fixed resistor.
Fig. 5 shows a specific circuit of the variable resistance module, and the number of the large resistors is 5: r1, R2, R3, R4 and R5, and the resistance value is 20M omega; the small resistor r is 1 MOmega, and S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 are high-voltage switches. The state of the circuit is switched in by controlling the resistors through the switches, particularly, when the switches S2 and S3 are closed simultaneously, the resistors R1 to R5 are changed from series connection to R1 and R2, and R4, R5 and R3 are connected in parallel, and eight overall resistances of different sizes, namely 100M omega, 80M omega, 60M omega, 40M omega, 20M omega, 10M omega, 8M omega and 6.6M omega, can be obtained through five 20M omega resistors; when switch S5 is closed, the overall resistance is approximately 1M Ω.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the high voltage power module is a high voltage dc power supply 20, the output voltage range is 0-50kV, the output power is 0-10kW, and the positive and negative polarities are adjustable.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the intelligent control module includes a power supply 21, a microcontroller 22, and a human-computer interaction panel 23. The microcontroller is more than 32 bits, the clock frequency is more than 40MHz, and the system comprises an SPI communication module, an image processing module, a timer module, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a pulse generation module and an I/O input/output port module, wherein the SPI communication module is used for receiving image information transmitted by the CPLD, the image processing module is used for intercepting and amplifying images, the timer provides a clock for the whole system, the CPU is responsible for monitoring, identifying and intelligently judging the whole system, the pulse generation module is used for controlling the driving of a stepping motor, and the number of the I/O input/output ports is more than 300. The output voltage of the power supply is + 5V. The man-machine interaction panel comprises a digital input device, a switch key and a digital display device and is used for inputting manual operations such as electrode distance, power supply voltage, resistance, image display control and the like.
In the present embodiment, as shown in fig. 4, the discharging demonstration module includes a liquid crystal display 24 and a serial communication interface 25. The resolution of the LCD is above 320 × 480, and the size is above 5 inches, and the LCD can be directly connected to part of I/O port of the microcontroller. The serial communication interface is TTL TO RS485, and conversion of TTL signals and RS485 signals can be achieved. The discharge image obtained by the image acquisition module is processed by the intelligent control module, the bilinear interpolation algorithm is carried out on the high-voltage discharge area for amplification, and then the discharge image is displayed by the liquid crystal display or is connected to the projection screen through the serial communication interface.
The functional modules of the invention are connected together through an intelligent control module. The image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module ensure the efficiency of observing discharge. The electrode distance control module, the variable resistance module and the high-voltage power supply module effectively change circuit parameters to obtain different discharge modes. The circuit protection detection module ensures teaching safety. The high-voltage discharge module improves the discharge stability by optimizing the electrodes. The modules are organically combined together to form the teaching demonstration device of the invention.
Teaching demonstration flow: starting switches of the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module to finish clear imaging before discharge; the power supply voltage, the resistance value of the resistor and the electrode distance are input into the man-machine interaction panel, and the intelligent control module automatically controls the high-voltage power supply module, the variable resistance module and the electrode distance control module to finish discharge demonstration preparation. And starting a switch of the high-voltage power supply module, observing a discharge gap breakdown image on the discharge demonstration module, and starting to perform discharge demonstration. The invention can complete the following teaching demonstration items:
(1) observing the multi-mode discharge experiment phenomenon by changing the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply module, the equivalent resistance value of the variable resistance module and the electrode spacing;
(2) observing a corona initiation phenomenon and drawing a breakdown characteristic curve by accurately controlling the output voltage and the electrode spacing of the high-voltage power supply module;
(3) and the polarity effect experiment is completed by changing the voltage polarity of the high-voltage power supply module.
After the demonstration is finished, the high-voltage power supply module is turned off, then the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module are turned off, and finally the intelligent control module is turned off.
In the demonstration process, the circuit protection detection module automatically detects the loop current and the electrode temperature in real time; when the detection value exceeds the set warning value, the intelligent control module automatically outputs a turn-off trigger signal, so that the high-voltage power supply module is quickly turned off, the discharge demonstration is finished, and the personal safety and the equipment safety are protected.
The embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea of the present invention, and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any modifications made on the basis of the technical scheme according to the technical idea of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides an atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching presentation device which characterized in that: the device comprises an image acquisition module, a high-voltage discharge module, a variable resistance module, a high-voltage power supply module, an electrode spacing control module, a circuit protection detection module, an intelligent control module and a discharge demonstration module; the image acquisition module, the variable resistance module, the high-voltage power supply module, the electrode spacing control module, the circuit protection detection module and the discharge demonstration module are respectively and electrically connected with the intelligent control module; the high-voltage discharge module comprises a high-voltage electrode, a ground electrode and a protective cover, the protective cover is a transparent insulating cover, the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode are arranged in the protective cover, a micro-bulge is arranged in the center of the ground electrode, the high-voltage electrode is a needle electrode, and the front end of the high-voltage electrode is aligned to the highest point of the micro-bulge in the center of the ground electrode; the electrode spacing control module is mechanically connected with the high-voltage discharge module and adjusts the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode according to a control instruction sent by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module is electrically connected in series between the high-voltage electrode and the high-voltage power supply module, the high-voltage power supply module applies power supply voltage to the high-voltage electrode through the variable resistance module, and the high-voltage power supply module adjusts the voltage value and the voltage polarity output by the high-voltage power supply module according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module; the variable resistance module adjusts the equivalent resistance of the variable resistance module according to a control instruction issued by the intelligent control module; the image acquisition module acquires a discharge image between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode and transmits the discharge image to the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module transmits the discharge image to the discharge demonstration module for demonstration; the circuit protection detection module is used for collecting temperature signals and voltage signals in the high-voltage discharge module and transmitting the temperature signals and the voltage signals to the intelligent control module, the intelligent control module judges whether the temperature values and the voltage values exceed preset warning values or not, and if the temperature values and the voltage values exceed the preset warning values, the intelligent control module immediately sends a turn-off signal to the high-voltage power supply module, so that the high-voltage power supply module is rapidly turned off.
2. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the flow of teaching demonstration by adopting the atmospheric pressure air discharge teaching demonstration device is as follows:
(1) starting switches of the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module to finish clear imaging before discharge;
(2) the power supply voltage, the resistance value of the resistor and the electrode distance are input into the intelligent control module, and the intelligent control module inputs parameters to control the high-voltage power supply module, the variable resistance module and the electrode distance control module to finish discharge demonstration preparation;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of starting a switch of a high-voltage power supply module, observing a breakdown image of a discharge gap on a discharge demonstration module, and starting discharge demonstration, wherein the demonstration comprises the following demonstration items:
(a) observing the multi-mode discharge experiment phenomenon by changing the output voltage of the high-voltage power supply module, the equivalent resistance value of the variable resistance module and the electrode spacing;
(b) observing a corona initiation phenomenon and drawing a breakdown characteristic curve by accurately controlling the output voltage and the electrode spacing of the high-voltage power supply module;
(c) and the polarity effect experiment is completed by changing the voltage polarity of the high-voltage power supply module.
(4) After the demonstration is finished, the high-voltage power supply module is turned off, then the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module are turned off, and finally the intelligent control module is turned off.
3. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the variable resistance module comprises 1 small resistor, M large resistors, N high-voltage switches and a switch driving module thereof, the resistance value of each large resistor is at least 20 times that of each small resistor, each large resistor is electrically connected in series and then electrically connected in parallel with each small resistor, wherein the 1 high-voltage switch is electrically connected in series with each small resistor, in addition, the N-1 high-voltage switches are respectively electrically connected in parallel with one large resistor or a plurality of large resistors connected in series, each high-voltage switch is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the corresponding switch driving module, and the opening and the closing of each high-voltage switch are driven according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module.
4. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the electrode spacing control module comprises a stepping motor, a motor driving module and a lead screw guide rail; an output shaft of the stepping motor is connected to the ground electrode through a lead screw guide rail, a driving end of the stepping motor is electrically connected to the intelligent control module through the motor driving module, and the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode is accurately controlled according to a control command issued by the intelligent control module.
5. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the circuit protection detection module comprises a temperature sensor, a current sampling resistor, a voltage sensor and an A/D converter, wherein the temperature sensor is buried in a ground electrode, the current sampling resistor is electrically connected in series between the ground electrode and the ground, the voltage sensor collects voltage signals at two ends of the current sampling resistor, and the temperature signal collected by the temperature sensor and the current signal collected by the voltage sensor are converted into digital signals through the A/D converter and then are transmitted to the intelligent control module.
6. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: in the high-voltage discharge module, the diameter of a high-voltage electrode is less than 1 mm; the ground electrode is a circular plate electrode with a central micro-bulge, the diameter of the ground electrode is 5-8cm, and the thickness of the ground electrode is 0.5-1 cm; the micro-bulge is semicircular, and the curvature radius of the micro-bulge is 3-8 mm; the distance between the high-voltage electrode and the highest point of the micro-protrusion of the ground electrode is 0-50 mm; the protective cover is cubic, has at least 10cm long, 10cm wide and 15cm high, and has a thickness of 0.5cm or more, and is made of glass.
7. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the intelligent control module comprises a microcontroller, a power supply and a human-computer interaction panel, the power supply and the human-computer interaction module are electrically connected with the microcontroller respectively, the human-computer interaction module is used for inputting the output voltage value and polarity of the high-voltage pulse power supply, the equivalent resistance value of the variable resistance module and the distance between the discharge electrode and the ground electrode, and the microcontroller generates a control command according to the parameters input by the human-computer interaction module and sends the control command to the corresponding module.
8. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 7 wherein: the microcontroller is electrically connected with the image acquisition module and the discharge demonstration module, and the microcontroller amplifies a discharge area on the discharge image by a bilinear interpolation algorithm and then transmits the amplified discharge area to the discharge demonstration module.
9. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the image acquisition module comprises a camera, an FIFO chip, a CPLD chip and a memory; the camera is just opposite to the gap between the high-voltage electrode and the ground electrode, the signal output end of the camera is electrically connected with the CPLD chip through the FIFO chip, and the memory and the intelligent control module are respectively electrically connected with the CPLD chip.
10. The atmospheric-pressure air-discharge teaching demonstration device of claim 1 wherein: the discharge demonstration module comprises a liquid crystal display and a serial communication interface, the liquid crystal display is directly electrically connected with the intelligent control module, and other projection equipment is electrically connected with the intelligent control module through the serial communication interface; the high-voltage power supply module adopts a high-voltage direct-current power supply, the output voltage range is 0-50kV, the output power range is 0-10kW, and the positive and negative polarities are adjustable.
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Application publication date: 20200114 |