CN103246307A - Program-control current source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to a current source device, in particular to a program-control current source. The program-control current source comprises a CPU (central processing unit) control circuit, a plurality of conversion modules and a calibrating circuit. The CPU control circuit receives data output by an upper computer, and each conversion module outputs actuating signals including control signals and data signals and comprises a D/A (digital/analog) conversion circuit and a V/I (voltage/current) conversion circuit. The D/A conversion circuits receive actuating signals output by the CPU control circuit and provides analog voltage signals for the V/I conversion circuit. The V/I conversion circuits converts the analog voltages signals and outputs analog current signals. The calibrating unit is used for sampling the analog current signals output by each V/I conversion circuit, and the CPU control circuit calibrates the analog current signals. The current source in the embodiment can provide multichannel outputs and is wide in dynamic output range and high in accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to current-source arrangement, be specifically related to a kind of programmable current source apparatus.
Background technology
Because current signal has stronger antijamming capability than voltage signal, when particularly carrying out the distant signal transmission, therefore various current sources are widely used in the Industry Control.In commercial Application, often all kinds of physical quantitys such as voltage, power, frequency, temperature, pressure, speed, angle etc. need be converted to the magnitude of current and be handled by back-end circuit or equipment or show.
In with inertial navigation system (hereinafter to be referred as inertial navigation system) ground semi-hardware type simulation test, need the electric current output with dynamic similation electric current quartz flexible accelerometer, and then the component of acceleration of simulated flight ballistic curve, in order to the foundation as the test of inertial navigation system flight attitude and dynamic perfromance ground simulation, this emulation mode can remedy three flight simulation turntable analog acceleration value scopes little, to shortcomings such as instantaneous acceleration are wayward.
Current source as the inertial navigation system Simulation Application should satisfy following requirement:
A) can provide the output of at least three tunnel electric current;
B) precision height, for cooperating the precision index of accelerometer, the electric current output accuracy need reach 10
-4Magnitude;
C) electric current output continuity variation fast, data updating rate is not less than 2ms;
D) has bigger dynamic range.
But through investigation, at present industry does not have a current source can satisfy the specialized requirement of above-mentioned inertial navigation system emulation simultaneously, mainly shows: one, static output accuracy height, but dynamic change fast, for example FLUKE5500 5700 series; Two, the output way is single, and multichannel output if desired can only combine with a plurality of current sources; Its three, the current source that most of out-put dynamic range is big, its precision is generally lower, about ± 5%.
Therefore, demand a kind of wide region, high precision and quick programmable current source with multichannel output urgently.
Summary of the invention
A kind of programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, being used for solving the prior art industry does not have a current source can satisfy the specialized requirement of above-mentioned inertial navigation system emulation simultaneously.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of programmable current source, and described current source comprises:
Cpu control circuit, a plurality of modular converter and alignment unit;
Described cpu control circuit receives the data of host computer output, carries out signal to each described modular converter output simultaneously, and described execution signal comprises: control signal and data-signal;
Each described modular converter comprises: D/A change-over circuit and V/I change-over circuit; Described D/A change-over circuit receives the execution signal of described cpu control circuit output, provides analog voltage signal to described V/I change-over circuit simultaneously;
Described V/I change-over circuit is changed back output analog current signal with described analog voltage signal;
Described alignment unit is calibrated by described cpu control circuit for after the analog current signal of each described V/I change-over circuit output is sampled.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described current source also comprises: buffer circuit; Described buffer circuit is used for the signal of described cpu control circuit output and the signal of described D/A change-over circuit input are isolated between the transmission line of described cpu control circuit and modular converter.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described D/A change-over circuit comprises: two DAC unit and combiner circuit, described combiner circuit send to described V/I change-over circuit after receiving the output signal and a synthetic analog voltage signal of two described DAC unit; Wherein,
First DAC unit is used for the high position of described data-signal is carried out digital-to-analog conversion, and second DAC unit is for the low level digital-to-analog conversion to described data-signal.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described combiner circuit comprises the ratio totalizer, and the output terminal of each described DAC unit all connects described ratio totalizer, described ratio totalizer is exported to described V/I change-over circuit after the output signal of each described DAC unit is carried out additive operation.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described combiner circuit also comprises: follow circuit;
Described follow circuit comprises two operational amplifiers, and wherein, each described operational amplifier connects a described DAC unit; After described follow circuit receives the output signal of each described DAC unit, export to described ratio totalizer.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described ratio totalizer also comprises pot, is used for the output drift of described ratio totalizer is adjusted.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described V/I change-over circuit comprises ultra-low noise computing amplifying unit.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described alignment unit comprises: a plurality of relay units, sampling resistor, A/D sampling unit and reference voltage unit;
Each described relay unit receives the analog current signal of a described V/I change-over circuit output and exports to described sampling resistor;
Described sampling resistor is exported to described A/D sampling unit after described analog current signal is converted to voltage signal;
Described reference voltage unit connects described A/D sampling unit, is used for described A/D sampling unit is calibrated;
Described A/D sampling unit is gathered the voltage signal of described sampling resistor output, and exports described cpu control circuit to.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described cpu control circuit also is used for input signal and the output signal of described programmable current source are carried out nonlinear analysis and curve match, obtain the non-linear error calibration function, and according to described non-linear error calibration function the output signal of described programmable current source is calibrated.
Above-mentioned programmable current source, wherein, described cpu control circuit is carried out signal by programmable interface to each described modular converter output; Described programmable interface is following any interface: RS232 interface, RS422 interface, RS485 interface or Ethernet interface.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, electric current and the dynamic current output that can export high resolution capacity are fast update time, but continuity variation fast in the gamut scope.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing described herein is used to provide further understanding of the present invention, constitutes the application's a part, does not constitute limitation of the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is programmable current source structural representation in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of D/A change-over circuit in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of V/I change-over circuit in the embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of alignment unit in the embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the embodiment of the invention is described in further detail.At this, illustrative examples of the present invention and explanation thereof are used for explanation the present invention, but not as a limitation of the invention.
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of programmable current source, and as shown in Figure 1, described current source comprises:
It mainly is for follow-up circuit being controlled and the distribution of implementation data for described cpu control circuit 11, therefore it receives the data of host computer (not shown) output, carry out signal to each described modular converter 13 output simultaneously, described execution signal comprises: control signal and data-signal; Preferable cpu control circuit can be by any processor chips such as single-chip microcomputer, DSP, can weave into the formations such as combination of logical device (FPGA or CPLD) or processor and programming device, but it is cited to be not limited to the embodiment of the invention.
Each described modular converter 13 comprises: D/A change-over circuit 131 and V/I change-over circuit 132; Described D/A change-over circuit 131 receives the execution signal of described cpu control circuit 11 outputs, provides analog voltage signal to described V/I change-over circuit 132 simultaneously.
Preferable, current source of the prior art need use a plurality of current source combinations because the output way is single when the needs multichannel is exported, and the execution signal that only needs the control cpu control circuit to export in embodiments of the present invention, just can realize the output that multichannel is identical, conveniently use at special occasions.
Preferable, because being the data of the digital form that will provide from front-end circuit (for example host computer in the embodiment of the invention), the function of D/A change-over circuit carries out the corresponding analog voltage amount output that converts to, by described V/I change-over circuit 132 described analog voltage signal is changed back output analog current signal subsequently, realize the function of current source.
Concrete, described alignment unit 14 comprises: a plurality of relays 141, sampling resistor 142, A/D sampling unit 143 and reference voltage unit 144;
Each described relay receives the analog current signal of a described V/I change-over circuit output and exports to described sampling resistor; Number at this relay equates with the number of V/I change-over circuit.Preferable, by default, analog current signal is directly exported through the close passage 1 of relay.When needs carry out internal calibration, by the passage 2 of cpu control circuit control analog current signal through relay, make it export to alignment unit.
Described sampling resistor is exported to described A/D sampling unit after described analog current signal is converted to voltage signal;
Described reference voltage unit connects described A/D sampling unit, is used for described A/D sampling unit is calibrated;
Described A/D sampling unit is gathered the voltage signal of described sampling resistor output, and exports described cpu control circuit to.
At this, by setting up alignment unit in circuit inside, can directly calibrate the output channel of this programmable current source, improve output accuracy and linearity index.
In one preferred embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, above-mentioned sampling resistor is accurate sampling resistor, this precision sampling resistor can be selected RJ711-0.5W-100 Ω-0.01% for use, pass through the two stage amplifer modulate circuit subsequently, the voltage of gathering is nursed one's health the voltage range that the A/D sampling unit can receive, two OPA2277U operational amplifiers of two stage amplifer modulate circuit sampling.
Preferable, owing to the static calibration that is calibrated in the embodiment of the invention, therefore described A/D sampling unit can be selected high-precision adc AD7190 commonly used in the industry for use, and it can reach 22.5 of peak-to-peaks under 4.7Hz output speed condition conversion accuracy meets design requirement.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, in one preferred embodiment, described cpu control circuit also is used for input signal and the output signal of described programmable current source are carried out nonlinear analysis and curve match, obtain the non-linear error calibration function, and according to described non-linear error calibration function the output signal of described programmable current source is calibrated.
Concrete, the process of calibration is as follows:
1, with the direction of LSB → MSB, selected a plurality of current values send selected current value signal by cpu control circuit,
After modular converter converts to, be loaded on the sampling resistor;
2, utilize the A/D sampling unit to gather magnitude of voltage on the sampling resistor;
3, the direction of pressing MSB → LSB again repeats 1 and 2 process;
4, cpu control circuit carries out arithmetic mean with the output result of the A/D sampling unit of last twice acquisition of each fixed point, and be standard with this arithmetic mean value, input signal and output signal to programmable current source are carried out nonlinear analysis and curve match, set up the non-linear error calibration function.
5, be standard with the non-linear error calibration function, D/A change-over circuit (digital quantity) is carried out nonlinear compensation.Preferable, when big as if error, can carry out the piecewise nonlinear match.Concrete compensation method can be used compensation method of the prior art, and the present invention repeats no more in the example.
Preferable, reference voltage unit adopts superhigh precision direct current reference source chip LTZ1000 (0.05ppm/ ℃) to realize, and it is connected to the Vref end of A/D sampling unit.This chip is equipped with the peripheral circuit (not shown), realize having high stability+output of 5V voltage.
Preferable, also comprise buffer circuit 12 in the embodiment of the invention, described buffer circuit 12 is used for the signal of described cpu control circuit 11 outputs and the signal of described D/A change-over circuit 131 inputs are isolated between the transmission line of described cpu control circuit 11 and modular converter 13.Because front-end circuit output signal level and back-end circuit incoming signal level may be inconsistent or power supply is different, so carry out conveniently carrying out the signal transmission after level conversion or the isolated from power.Preferable, described buffer circuit is chip used can be a high speed photo coupling chip or magnetic coupling isolating chip.
Preferable, buffer circuit is made up of four-way high-speed figure isolating chip ADUM1400 and peripheral circuit thereof.
Preferable, the cpu control circuit of the embodiment of the invention specifically is made up of with programmable logic device (PLD) FPGA and relevant peripheral circuit digital signal processor DSP.DSP can select the TMS320F2812 of T1 company for use, and this processor is as a high-performance digital processing unit, main realize with the agreement communication of host computer, calibration process control, accuracy compensation algorithm etc.FPGA can select the XCS3S400 of Xilinx for use, this intelligent chip is mainly finished output control and sequential control, communication module sequential control, the output data in real time of D/A change-over circuit and is upgraded control and interface expansion etc., the use of FPGA also is to guarantee the fast-changing key of output current.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described D/A change-over circuit comprises: two DAC unit and combiner circuit.
Concrete, rely on the D/A conversion to guarantee the output high-precision current by circuit in the embodiment of the invention.D/A change-over circuit as the high-precision current source, want to make the output current resolving power to reach 100nA, need possess the resolution characteristic more than 20, and for the D/A conversion chip of monolithic, what possess resolution more than 20 substantially all is audio frequency digital-to-analog conversion special use, be transformed into general D/A converter certain degree of difficulty is arranged, therefore, among the present invention under the situation of the D/A conversion chip that does not change existing audio frequency digital-to-analog conversion special use, employing can realize two D/A conversion chip composite design precision is high and dynamically realize the change-over circuit that scope is big.
Preferable, first DAC unit is used for the high position of described data-signal is carried out digital-to-analog conversion, and second DAC unit is for the low level digital-to-analog conversion to described data-signal.
Wherein, as shown in Figure 2, comprise that two DAC unit are respectively D/A conversion chip DACH and D/A conversion chip DACL, the achieve a butt joint high position of the data-signal received of DACH is carried out digital-to-analog conversion, and DACL realizes the low level of described data-signal is carried out digital-to-analog conversion.Preferable, this DAC unit is selected the higher high precision D/A conversion chip AD760 of industry level for use, has 18 resolution.Wherein in example of the present invention, the high-precision quick programmable current source of the wide region that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described DAC contains the unit 16 valid data positions.Therefore realize 26 resolution if desired, namely adopt every D/A conversion chip only to get low 16 significance bits, middle 6 share, concrete distribute as table-shown in, be that (D15～D6) is equivalent to the D25～D16 of actual output, and low 10 of DACL (6 that share in the middle of low 10 D9～D0 of the quite actual output of D9～D0) by the decision of test effect for DACH high 10.
26 bit resolutions that the D/A change-over circuit of the embodiment of the invention is realized make the output theoretical resolution can reach [50-(50)]/2
26≈ 1.5nA, guaranteed back-end circuit have output ± 100nA～± ability of 50mA, but and in this mode gamut scope fast continuity change, speed is slow, the shortcoming of poor continuity because switching range causes to have avoided some current source.
Table one
| Equivalence | DACL | DACH |
| D25 | ? | D15 |
| D24 | ? | D14 |
| D23 | ? | D13 |
| D22 | ? | D12 |
| D21 | ? | D11 |
| D20 | ? | D10 |
| D19 | ? | D9 |
| D18 | ? | D8 |
| D17 | ? | D7 |
| D16 | ? | D6 |
| D15 | D15 | D5 |
| D14 | D14 | D4 |
| D13 | D13 | D3 |
| D12 | D12 | D2 |
| D11 | D11 | D1 |
| D10 | D10 | D0 |
| D9 | D9 | ? |
| D8 | D8 | ? |
| D7 | D7 | ? |
| D6 | D6 | ? |
| D5 | D5 | ? |
| D4 | D4 | ? |
| D3 | D3 | ? |
| D2 | D2 | ? |
| D1 | D1 | ? |
| D0 | D0 | ? |
Subsequently, after the output signal and a synthetic analog voltage signal by two described DAC unit of described combiner circuit reception, send to described V/I change-over circuit.
In the another preferred embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, because the control signal of D/A conversion chip and data-signal and data-signal come from the FPGA (not shown) of front end, FPGA is the 3.3V power supply, and the D/A conversion chip is the 5V power supply, therefore these signals need be carried out the isolation conversion of 3V-5V, concrete isolation signals has DA0～DA7, DAOK0～DAOK1, DACAL, DALDAC, DACLR, DAHBE, DALBE, DACS0～DACS1.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described combiner circuit comprises the ratio totalizer, the output terminal of each described DAC unit all connects described ratio totalizer, described ratio totalizer is exported to described V/I change-over circuit after the output signal of each described DAC unit is carried out additive operation.Additional proportion totalizer after 2 DAC unit output makes output reach higher resolution characteristic.
Preferable, among Fig. 2 because 16 bit data of DACL are equivalent to integral body 10 as 26 bit data low 16 that move to right, therefore, guarantee the monotonicity of 26 outputs, the output of DACL will be divided by 1024, proportion resistor R1～the R4 that is the ratio totalizer is chosen as 1: 1024, makes that this moment, the ratio totalizer was output as
Preferable, resistance R 1～R4 is precision resistance.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described combiner circuit also comprises: follow circuit;
Described follow circuit comprises two operational amplifiers, and wherein, each described operational amplifier connects a described DAC unit; After described follow circuit receives the output signal of each described DAC unit, export to described ratio totalizer.The follow circuit of totalizer front end is mainly used to do buffering, plays the effect that improves load capacity simultaneously.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, as shown in Figure 2, described ratio totalizer also comprises pot R5, is used for the output drift of described ratio totalizer is adjusted.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described V/I change-over circuit comprises ultra-low noise computing amplifying unit.
The V/I change-over circuit of present embodiment is another Key Circuit that guarantees the output high-precision current, as shown in Figure 3, mainly is made up of ultra-low noise amplifier and precision-matched resistance, and amplifier is selected the AD797BR of AD company for use.Among Fig. 3, R12 is sample resistance, at R8=R10, under the strict matching relationship of R9+R12=R11, can obtain following relational expression:
I
out＝V
docin×[R11/(R12×R8)]..........................................(2)，
Wherein, Vdacin is the output of the ratio totalizer of D/A change-over circuit, i.e. Vdacout among Fig. 2.By formula (2) as can be known, if get
R11/(R12×R8)＝5..........................................(3)，
Then can get
I
out＝5V
dacin(mA)..........................................(4)。
In embodiments of the present invention, preferable, resistance R 1～R5 value is decided to be: R1=R4=10K Ω, R2=1.47K Ω, R3=30 Ω, R5=1.5K Ω, wherein, Vdacin determines by the DAC chip, can for-10V～+ 10V, be updated in the formula (4), as can be known, the theoretic dynamic output area of Iout is-50mA～+ 50mA, and the exemplary currents fan-out capability of operational amplifier A D797BR be-50mA～+ 50mA, for design provides assurance.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described cpu control circuit is carried out signal by programmable interface to each described modular converter output; Described programmable interface is following any interface: RS232 interface, RS422 interface, RS485 interface or Ethernet interface.
Preferable, for guaranteeing the quick variation of output current, programmable interface adopts the RS422 protocol interface, and is preferable, is the serial ports conversion chip MAX3160 realization of Maxim.Its communication baud rate is adjustable between 115200bps～1843200bps.Exporting four road electric currents with independence is example, 26 of every road current data bit, take 4 bytes, every renewal one secondary data, a Frame is except data, also comprise 2 bytes of frame head; 1 byte of flag of frame; 2 bytes of frame length; verification and 1 byte; like this; a data frame length is at least: frame head+flag of frame+electric current 1+ electric current 2+ electric current 3+ electric current 4+ verification and=the 2+1+4+4+4+4+1=22 byte; if each byte comprises 1 start bit; 8 data bit; 1 position of rest; then take 10 bit wides, frame data will take 220 bit wides so, calculate update time with 2ms; then communication baud rate is at least 110000bps; for ease of clock division, and then baud rate is got 115200bps at least and could be guaranteed that the transmission time of each Frame is not less than 2ms, thereby can guarantee that electric current is exported is not less than 2ms update time.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described buffer circuit is four-way high-speed figure isolating chip.
The programmable current source that the embodiment of the invention provides, preferable, described current source is by linear power supply or the linear power supply circuit supply of high stable.Supply voltage can comprise ± 15V and+5V.
The present invention specifically can provide electric current output way to be no less than 3 tunnel (because inertial navigation system has 3 axially), concrete available electric current output area is-50mA～+ (every 1g acceleration is suitable with 1.1～1.4mA accelerometer output current for 50mA, concrete relevant with the quartz flexible accelerometer performance parameter), 26 potential theory resolution specifically can be provided, the actual output current resolution characteristic is not less than 100nA, specifically can provide dynamic current to export and be not less than 2ms update time.
The above embodiment of the present invention is through the precision design of each circuit link, can guarantee 23 output accuracy, electric current output threshold value can reach the level of 12nA in theory, be in higher level at home, through practical application, respond well, pass through alignment unit simultaneously, make output nonlinearity error criterion improve magnitude half, can reach the level of 5ppm.
Above-described embodiment; purpose of the present invention, technical scheme and beneficial effect are further described; institute is understood that; the above only is the specific embodiment of the present invention; and be not intended to limit the scope of the invention; within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any modification of making, be equal to replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a programmable current source is characterized in that, described current source comprises:
Cpu control circuit, a plurality of modular converter and alignment unit;
Described cpu control circuit receives the data of host computer output, carries out signal to each described modular converter output simultaneously, and described execution signal comprises: control signal and data-signal;
Each described modular converter comprises: D/A change-over circuit and V/I change-over circuit; Described D/A change-over circuit receives the execution signal of described cpu control circuit output, provides analog voltage signal to described V/I change-over circuit simultaneously;
Described V/I change-over circuit is changed back output analog current signal with described analog voltage signal;
Described alignment unit is calibrated by described cpu control circuit for after the analog current signal of each described V/I change-over circuit output is sampled.
2. programmable current source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described current source also comprises: buffer circuit; Described buffer circuit is used for the signal of described cpu control circuit output and the signal of described D/A change-over circuit input are isolated between the transmission line of described cpu control circuit and modular converter.
3. programmable current source according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described D/A change-over circuit comprises: two DAC unit and combiner circuit, described combiner circuit send to described V/I change-over circuit after receiving the output signal and a synthetic analog voltage signal of two described DAC unit; Wherein,
First DAC unit is used for the high position of described data-signal is carried out digital-to-analog conversion, and second DAC unit is for the low level digital-to-analog conversion to described data-signal.
4. programmable current source according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described combiner circuit comprises the ratio totalizer, the output terminal of each described DAC unit all connects described ratio totalizer, described ratio totalizer is exported to described V/I change-over circuit after the output signal of each described DAC unit is carried out additive operation.
5. programmable current source according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described combiner circuit also comprises: follow circuit;
Described follow circuit comprises two operational amplifiers, and wherein, each described operational amplifier connects a described DAC unit; After described follow circuit receives the output signal of each described DAC unit, export to described ratio totalizer.
6. programmable current source according to claim 4 is characterized in that, described ratio totalizer also comprises pot, is used for the output drift of described ratio totalizer is adjusted.
7. programmable current source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described V/I change-over circuit comprises ultra-low noise computing amplifying unit.
8. programmable current source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described alignment unit comprises: a plurality of relays, sampling resistor, A/D sampling unit and reference voltage unit;
Each described relay receives the analog current signal of a described V/I change-over circuit output and exports to described sampling resistor;
Described sampling resistor is exported to described A/D sampling unit after described analog current signal is converted to voltage signal;
Described reference voltage unit connects described A/D sampling unit, is used for described A/D sampling unit is calibrated;
Described A/D sampling unit is gathered the voltage signal of described sampling resistor output, and exports described cpu control circuit to.
9. programmable current source according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, described cpu control circuit also is used for input signal and the output signal of described programmable current source are carried out nonlinear analysis and curve match, obtain the non-linear error calibration function, and according to described non-linear error calibration function the output signal of described programmable current source is calibrated.
10. programmable current source according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described cpu control circuit is carried out signal by programmable interface to each described modular converter output; Described programmable interface is following any interface: RS232 interface, RS422 interface, RS485 interface or Ethernet interface.
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| CN115589227A (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2023-01-10 | 桂林星辰科技股份有限公司 | Digital-to-analog conversion circuit for replacing multi-digit with less digits and control method |
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