CN113433999B - High-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for magnetic field generation - Google Patents
High-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for magnetic field generation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for magnetic field generation, which mainly comprises: the device comprises a human-computer interaction module, an MCU module, a battery pack power supply module, a voltage-stabilized power supply module, a DAC output module, an ADC sampling module and a constant current source module. The man-machine interaction module is convenient for inputting a required current value or selecting and outputting a dynamic analog current signal; the MCU module is responsible for program control of the whole program-controlled current source and is in serial port communication with the human-computer interaction module; the battery pack power supply module is responsible for supplying power to the program-controlled current source and reducing power supply noise; the voltage stabilizing power supply module is responsible for voltage conversion to supply power to each module and each chip; the DAC output module is responsible for converting digital input into analog output and providing the analog output to the constant current source module; the ADC sampling module is responsible for collecting a reference voltage value of the DAC chip and is used for improving the output precision of the whole program-controlled current source; the constant current source module is responsible for outputting a current value set by program control or a dynamic analog current signal for generating a magnetic field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of current sources, and relates to a high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for magnetic field generation.
Background
Magnetic fields are ubiquitous, and magnetic fields exist in the earth, stars (such as the sun), galaxy (such as galaxy), planets, satellites, and interplanetary space. In modern science and technology and human life, magnetic fields can be encountered everywhere, and generators, motors, transformers, telegraph, telephones, radios, accelerators, thermonuclear fusion devices, electromagnetic measuring instruments and the like are not related to electromagnetic phenomena. Even in the human body, some tissues and organs generate a weak magnetic field along with life activities.
Therefore, the generation of the magnetic field has wide application in many fields, and in the field of material science, the magnetic field is a 'magnifying glass' for researching the intrinsic characteristics of the material; in the field of condensed state physics, magnetic fields are the "modulators" that explore the quantum world; in the chemical field, magnetic fields are "indicators" of molecular structure; in the biomedical field, the magnetic field is a 'microscope' with a molecular structure, and meanwhile, the magnetic field has extremely important application in the fields of aerospace, medical treatment and health, energy and power and the like. The invention designs a high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating a magnetic field, which is applied to the generation of the magnetic field.
With the research on magnetic fields, the generation and application of strong magnetic fields and extremely weak magnetic fields are more and more extensive, for example, the strong magnetic fields are needed for nuclear magnetic resonance, and the extremely weak magnetic fields are needed for the research on biological magnetic fields. For example, the study on the cardiac magnetic field needs to generate a magnetic field of pT order, so a high-precision low-noise current source is needed to simulate the generation of the cardiac magnetic field. The high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field can be widely applied to generation of a static magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field or a very weak magnetic field, and can meet the requirements of low noise and high precision.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention solves the problems: the defects of the prior art are overcome, and the high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field is provided, so that the magnetic field is convenient to generate, and meanwhile, the low-noise program-controlled current source can be used as the low-noise program-controlled current source. For the generation of magnetic field and the design of program-controlled current source, the invention can realize the generation of very weak static magnetic field and very weak alternating magnetic field, and can simulate to generate dynamic signal. The invention overcomes the problems of unstable output current, low output precision, large output noise level, low on-load capacity and the like in the design of a program-controlled current source.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: a high precision, low noise, programmable current source for magnetic field generation, the system comprising: the device comprises a human-computer interaction module, an MCU module, a battery pack power supply module, a voltage-stabilized power supply module, a DAC output module, an ADC sampling module and a constant current source module;
the man-machine interaction module is responsible for an input part of the program-controlled current source, is convenient to control the size of an output magnetic field and is convenient to select and output a static magnetic field or an alternating magnetic field;
the MCU module is responsible for program control of the whole high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source and controlling the ADC module to acquire reference voltage of the 16-bit low-noise DAC module to realize closed-loop high-precision voltage output, and is also responsible for communication among the modules;
the battery pack power supply module is responsible for supplying power to the whole high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source, and the lithium battery pack is used for supplying power, so that the influence of power supply noise on the generated magnetic field can be effectively reduced;
the regulated power supply module is used for providing reference voltage for the chips, the relative error is 0.02 percent at the lowest, the influence of the fluctuation of the reference voltage on the generated magnetic field intensity is effectively reduced, and the regulated power supply module is also responsible for converting the voltage of the battery pack power supply module into the power supply voltage required by each chip;
DAC output module using 16-bit low-noise DAC chip with noise level of
The influence of voltage noise on the magnetic field intensity can be greatly reduced, and meanwhile, a 16-bit DAC chip is adopted to realize very small voltage resolution, so that the generation of an nT-level extremely weak magnetic field is realized;
the ADC sampling module is used for acquiring 2.5v reference voltage of the DAC module to realize high-precision closed-loop control output and improve the control precision of the magnetic field intensity of the generated magnetic field;
a constant current source module, a dual operational amplifier constant current source module designed for magnetic field generation, wherein the output current is bidirectional output or alternating current output to generate static magnetic field or alternating magnetic field, the noise generating static magnetic field is in the working frequency range of 1Hz-140Hz, and the maximum value is
Minimum value of
The battery pack power supply module supplies power by using a lithium battery pack, so that the influence of power supply ripples can be greatly reduced, and the influence of power supply noise on the generation of a magnetic field is effectively reduced.
The ADC sampling module is responsible for collecting an actual value of a 2.5V reference voltage of a chip used by the DAC output module, then feeding back the actual value of the reference voltage of the DAC output module to the MCU module, and according to the actual value of the reference voltage, the MCU module dynamically adjusts an output voltage formula of the DAC chip in real time to realize high-precision closed-loop control voltage output so that the generated magnetic field intensity is closer to a preset value.
The constant current source module is designed by adopting a dual-channel operational amplifier chip and a power amplifier chip, the dual-channel operational amplifier chip saves resources, the loading capacity of the constant current source module can be improved by adding one power amplifier chip, and resistors used by the constant current source module are all 0.1% high-precision low-temperature drift resistors.
The minimum adjustable precision of the voltage of the DAC output module is 100 muV.
The high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field has the advantages that:
(1) the high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field has the advantage of low noise, the noise for generating the static magnetic field is in the range of working frequency of 1Hz-140Hz, and the maximum value is
Minimum value of
(2) The high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field has the advantage of high precision, and the minimum adjustable precision of the voltage is 100 mu V.
(3) The high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field is convenient to operate, and the magnitude of a current value is convenient to change so as to change the intensity of the magnetic field.
(4) The high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating the magnetic field can be used for generating a static magnetic field, an alternating magnetic field or a very weak magnetic field.
(5) The invention designs a high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating a magnetic field, wherein an ADC (analog-to-digital converter) sampling module of the program-controlled current source is responsible for acquiring a real value of a 2.5V reference voltage of a chip used by a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) output module, and then the real value of the reference voltage of the DAC output module is fed back to an MCU (micro control unit) module, and according to the real value of the reference voltage, the MCU module can dynamically adjust a DAC chip output voltage formula in real time, so that high-precision closed-loop control voltage output is realized, and the generated magnetic field intensity is closer to a preset value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a programmable current source for magnetic field generation according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a dual operational amplifier constant current source;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a regulated power supply module.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
as shown in fig. 1, a programmable current source structure for magnetic field generation of the present invention comprises: the device comprises a human-computer interaction module, an MCU module, a battery pack power supply module, a voltage-stabilized power supply module, a DAC output module, an ADC sampling module and a constant current source module.
Firstly, 8 sections of 3.7V lithium batteries 18650 are adopted to form a +/-14.8V battery pack power supply module to supply power to the whole system.
1) Man-machine interaction module
The man-machine interaction module is responsible for the input part of the program-controlled current source. The man-machine interaction module adopts a serial port screen design, communicates with the main control MCU in a serial port communication mode, and is simple in serial port communication protocol and convenient for program design. The man-machine interaction module is convenient to realize the setting of the output current value of the high-precision low-noise program-controlled constant current source and is also convenient to select dynamic signal output.
2) MCU module
The MCU module is responsible for the program control part of the whole program-controlled current source and can be designed by adopting a singlechip. The MCU module adopts an STM32F103ZET6 singlechip of the Italian semiconductor company as the main control of the whole system, and the STM32F103ZET6 singlechip has the highest 72MHz dominant frequency, 3 USART interfaces and 2 SPI interfaces, thereby meeting the interface requirements of the MCU module.
3) Battery pack power supply module
The battery pack power supply module is responsible for power supply of the whole program-controlled current source. The invention uses the lithium battery pack for power supply, thereby greatly reducing the influence of power supply ripples and effectively reducing the influence of power supply noise.
4) Voltage-stabilized power supply module
The voltage stabilizing power supply module is used for converting the voltage of the battery pack power supply module into the power supply voltage or the reference voltage required by each chip, the input +/-14.8V is converted into +/-12V, +/-5V and +/-3.3V voltage values by the voltage stabilizing power supply module, and the voltage stabilizing power supply module has the advantage of low noise.
5) DAC output module
And the DAC output module is responsible for converting the digital signal sent by the MCU module into an analog voltage value, then sending the output analog voltage value to the constant current source for voltage-to-current conversion, and outputting a current value. The 16-bit DAC chip used by the invention adopts an SPI communication protocol to exchange data with the MCU module, and can meet the requirements of low noise and high precision of a program-controlled current source.
6) ADC sampling module
And the ADC sampling module is responsible for acquiring the real value of the reference voltage of the chip used by the DAC output module. Because the output voltage value of the DAC chip is related to the real value of the reference voltage thereof, the invention adopts the ADC sampling module to acquire the real value of the reference voltage of the DAC chip in real time to realize the high-precision voltage value output.
7) Constant current source module
The constant current source module is responsible for outputting current, and the program-controlled constant current source can realize the output of a constant current value and can also realize the output of a dynamic simulation current value. The constant current source is designed in a form of a double-channel operational amplifier, and can be realized by utilizing a double-channel operational amplifier chip. The current generated by the constant current source module designed by the invention is introduced into the designed coil or Helmholtz coil to generate a very weak static magnetic field and a very weak alternating magnetic field.
As shown in the schematic diagram of the regulated power supply module in FIG. 3, the regulated power supply module converts + -14.8V into + -12V through MC7812 and MC7912 to supply power to the power amplifier chip, the + -12V is converted into + -5V through LT3032IDE-5.0 to supply power to the DAC module, the +12V is converted into +5V through LM2940S-5.0 to supply power to the human-computer interaction module, the +5V is converted into +3V through AMS1117-3.3 to supply power to the MCU module, and the +5V is converted into precision +3.3V through ADR4533BRZ to be used as reference voltage for the MCU module, the DAC module and the ADC module. The design of the human-computer interaction module adopts a serial port screen of a serial port communication protocol to serve as an input and display part of the program-controlled current source, a current value or a dynamic analog signal to be output can be input into the human-computer interaction module, the human-computer interaction module and the MCU module adopt a serial port communication mode, the communication protocol is simple, and program design and debugging are facilitated. The MCU module is responsible for the program control part of the whole system, including serial port communication with the man-machine interaction module, SPI communication and program control of the DAC module, program control of the ADC sampling module, and control of dynamic analog signal output. The DAC module is responsible for outputting a voltage value given by the MCU module and is used for converting voltage into current for the constant current source module, the DAC module adopts a 16-bit DAC chip AD5761BRUZ, the AD5761BRUZ has 16-bit precision and the noise level is
The minimum adjustable voltage of the +/-3V output range is 100 mu V, and the output voltage formula when the +/-3V output range is adopted is as follows:
in the above formula V REF Is the reference voltage value inside the 16-bit DAC module, D is the decimal equivalent of the code loaded into the DAC register, V out The voltage value is output by the 16-bit DAC module.
Real-time acquisition of V by ADC sampling module REF The output precision of the DAC module is improved, and the ADC sampling module adopts 12 bits of STM32F103ZET6 chipsAn ADC chip.
As shown in FIG. 2, the constant current source module of the present invention is designed by using dual operational amplifiers, wherein the resistor R is 1 、R 2 、R 3 、R 4 The resistance is the same, and the high-precision and low-temperature drift resistance of 0.1 percent is adopted for improving the precision resistance. By a first operational amplifier U 1 Therefore, the following steps are carried out:
second operational amplifier U 2 The voltage follower is formed by the following steps:
V 2 ＝V 1
v is known from the "virtual short" characteristic of the first operational amplifier in- ＝V in+ Therefore, it is
Therefore, the following can be obtained:
V out -V 1 ＝DAC out
wherein V out -V 1 Is a resistance R 5 Voltage value at both ends, so that the resistor R 5 The magnitude of the current on is only equal to that of the DAC out In order to improve the accuracy of the present invention, R 5 0.1% high precision, low temperature drift resistance is also used. Because of the second operational amplifier U 2 "virtual break" property of (R) 5 The current on the Load flows into the Load completely, thus realizing the purpose of the program control current source, and simultaneously, the double-operational amplifier constant current source has two remarkable characteristics that 1, the Load can be grounded; 2. the output current may be a bi-directional output or an ac output. The static magnetic field and the alternating magnetic field can be generated by leading the current output by the program control current source into a designed lead or a Helmholtz coil.
The specific co-working flow chart designed by the invention is as follows:
the invention designs a high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source for generating a magnetic field, which is mainly realized as follows:
the method comprises the steps that firstly, a power supply part is designed, the power supply part is responsible for supplying power to the whole system, the reference voltage part of a chip is involved, so the power supply of the whole system is supplied by a lithium battery pack with low power supply ripples, and then a voltage-stabilized power supply module is designed for converting the power supply voltage and the reference voltage required by the system chip.
And secondly, designing a human-computer interaction module and an MCU module, wherein the human-computer interaction module and the MCU module mainly adopt a serial port communication mode, and well designing communication protocols of the human-computer interaction module and the MCU module so as to realize the required input and display functions.
The MCU module receives data sent by the human-computer interaction module through the serial port, analyzes the sent voltage value according to a set communication protocol, and then analyzes V acquired by the ADC module according to the voltage value REF The numerical values are given by the formula:
in the above formula V REF Is a reference voltage value inside the 16-bit DAC module, D is a decimal equivalent of the code loaded into the DAC register, V out The voltage value is output by the 16-bit DAC module.
The decimal equivalent of the code loaded into the DAC register that should be sent to the DAC module is calculated.
The MCU module calculates the decimal equivalent value of the code loaded into the DAC register and sent to the DAC module, then the MCU module converts the decimal equivalent value of the code loaded into the DAC register into a binary digital signal, then the binary digital signal is sent to the DAC module in a software simulation SPI communication mode, the decimal equivalent value is loaded into a register of the DAC chip, and then the DAC chip is controlled to output the decimal equivalent value.
Thirdly, designing a DAC module and an ADC module, wherein the DAC module selects a 16-bit DAC chip and has the noise level of
The settling time was 7.5μ s. The DAC chip used by the invention has 2.5V reference voltage inside, is an SPI communication protocol and is convenient for multi-channel design.
The DAC chip outputs the voltage to the constant current source module according to R 5 The value of the output current is as follows:
DAC in the above formula out The output voltage value of the 16-bit DAC chip is also the input voltage of the constant current source module; r 5 As shown in fig. 2, a resistor for controlling the magnitude of the output current value of the constant current source module is represented in the constant current source module.
Because the output voltage formula of the DAC chip is as follows:
in the above formula V REF The reference voltage value inside the 16-bit DAC module, D the decimal equivalent of the code loaded into the DAC register, and the values of m and c are related to the DAC module output voltage range.
The DAC of the present invention uses a + -5V output range, m in the above formula is 4, c is 2, and D is the decimal equivalent of the code loaded into the DAC register, so V is REF The true value of (d) directly affects the output value V of the DAC out . Aiming at the problem, the invention designs a special ADC sampling module pair V REF Sampling, programming, sampling, and dynamically adjusting V according to the value acquired by ADC module REF The high-precision voltage value output is realized by the program set value of (1).
The fourth step, design the constant current source module, the invention adopts the double operational amplifier to form the constant current source module, the double operational amplifier constant current source has two prominent characteristics 1. the load can be grounded; 2. the output current may be a bi-directional output or an alternating current output. Meanwhile, the invention takes the load carrying capacity of the constant current source module into consideration, so that a power amplifier is designed at the output end of the first-stage operational amplifier for improving the load carrying capacity of the constant current source module.
And fifthly, introducing the generated current into a lead or a Helmholtz coil for generating a magnetic field.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the invention may be practiced without these specific details.
Although particular embodiments of the present invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that these are merely examples and that many variations or modifications may be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and implementations of the invention, the scope of which is therefore defined by the appended claims.
Claims (2)
1. A high precision, low noise programmable current source for magnetic field generation, characterized by: the system of the high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source comprises: the device comprises a human-computer interaction module, an MCU module, a battery pack power supply module, a voltage-stabilized power supply module, a DAC output module, an ADC sampling module and a constant current source module;
the man-machine interaction module is responsible for an input part of the program-controlled current source, is convenient to control the size of an output magnetic field and is convenient to select and output a static magnetic field or an alternating magnetic field;
the MCU module is responsible for program control of the whole high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source and controlling the ADC module to acquire reference voltage of the 16-bit low-noise DAC module to realize closed-loop high-precision voltage output, and is also responsible for communication among the modules;
the battery pack power supply module is responsible for supplying power to the whole high-precision low-noise program-controlled current source, and the lithium battery pack is used for supplying power, so that the influence of power supply noise on the generated magnetic field can be effectively reduced;
the stabilized voltage supply module is used for providing reference voltage for the chips, the relative error is 0.02 percent at the lowest, the influence of the fluctuation of the reference voltage on the generated magnetic field intensity is effectively reduced, and meanwhile, the stabilized voltage supply module is also responsible for converting the voltage of the battery pack power supply module into the power supply voltage required by each chip;
DAC output module using 16-bit lowA noise DAC chip with a noise level of
The influence of voltage noise on the magnetic field intensity can be greatly reduced, and a 16-bit DAC chip is adopted to realize very small voltage resolution, so that the effect of voltage noise on the magnetic field intensity is realizednTGeneration of a stage-pole weak magnetic field;
the ADC sampling module is used for acquiring 2.5V reference voltage of the DAC module to realize high-precision closed-loop control output and improve the control precision of the magnetic field intensity of the generated magnetic field;
a constant current source module, a dual operational amplifier constant current source module designed for magnetic field generation, whose output current is bidirectional output or alternating current output to generate static magnetic field or alternating magnetic field, noise generating static magnetic field at working frequency 1Hz−140HzWithin a range of a maximum value of
Minimum value of
；
The ADC sampling module is responsible for collecting an actual value of a 2.5V reference voltage of a chip used by the DAC output module, then feeding back the actual value of the reference voltage of the DAC output module to the MCU module, and according to the actual value of the reference voltage, the MCU module dynamically adjusts an output voltage formula of the DAC chip in real time to realize high-precision closed-loop control voltage output so that the generated magnetic field intensity is closer to a preset value;
the constant current source module is designed by adopting a dual-channel operational amplifier chip and a power amplifier chip, the dual-channel operational amplifier chip saves resources, the loading capacity of the constant current source module is improved by adding the power amplifier chip, and resistors used by the constant current source module are all 0.1% high-precision low-temperature drift resistors;
the minimum adjustable precision of the voltage of the DAC output module is 100μV。
2. A high precision low noise programmable current source for magnetic field generation according to claim 1, characterized in that: the battery pack power supply module supplies power by using a lithium battery pack, so that the influence of power supply ripples can be greatly reduced, and the influence of power supply noise on the generation of a magnetic field is effectively reduced.
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| CN103412600A (en) * | 2013-08-15 | 2013-11-27 | 浪潮电子信息产业股份有限公司 | Field programmable gate array (FPGA) based numerically-controlled direct-current constant current source |
| CN105652934A (en) * | 2014-11-11 | 2016-06-08 | 江苏绿扬电子仪器集团有限公司 | System improving precision of program control dc source |
| CN108490823A (en) * | 2018-03-02 | 2018-09-04 | 北京航空航天大学 | High-precision field drives stored program controlled |
| CN209327889U (en) * | 2019-02-28 | 2019-08-30 | 南京信息工程大学 | 4-20mA programme control precision current source |
| CN212229462U (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-12-25 | 南京德馨艺佳电子技术有限公司 | Program-controlled current source device |
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