CN103245700B - 气体传感器 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种气体传感器,具体而言涉及一种用于检测可燃气体的气体传感器,其带有:布置在全面地包围的罩壳(1)中的催化式传感器元件,该罩壳具有可透气的进入孔(2);并且带有电的导体,其与传感器元件处于连接中并且具有位于罩壳(1)之外的联接部。根据本发明设置成,在罩壳(1)中设置有可透气的离开孔(3)和连接可透气的离开孔(3)和可透气的进入孔(2)的流通通道(4),并且传感器元件布置在流通通道中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于检测(Nachweis)可燃气体的气体传感器,其带有:在运行中被加热的催化式(katalytisch)传感器元件,该传感器元件布置在全面地包围的罩壳中,该罩壳具有可透气的进入孔;并且带有电的导体,其与传感器元件处于连接中并且具有位于罩壳之外的联接部。
背景技术
例如,从文件DE102005020131B3中已知这种类型的气体传感器。这种类型的气体传感器利用可燃气体的催化氧化来工作,氧化导致在传感器元件处的温度升高,温度升高又涉及到传感器元件的电阻变化,而电阻变化可以从外部通过联接部来测量。这样的气体传感器例如被用来探测可爆炸的气体混合物。在此,传感器元件以电的方式被加热到相对高的运行温度(直至约500℃)。如果在传感器元件表面处存在可燃气体,则该可燃气体将被氧化并且由于产生的热引起传感器元件的表面温度的变化。从文件DE102005020131B3中已知的气体传感器具有带有气体进入孔的罩壳。该气体进入孔利用可透气的封闭部来封闭,该封闭部用作火焰挡阻部(Flammensperre)并且由此应防止在出现可燃气体时火焰可向外穿过。该封闭部例如包括金属织造物或金属烧结体。可设置有第二传感器元件,其不与环境大气相接触。因此,比较第一传感器元件和第二传感器元件的电阻变化允许这样的推论,即怎样的温度变化可归因于可燃气体的氧化,例如通过比较在惠斯登电桥(Wheatstone-Bruecke)上关于两个传感器元件的电压。传感器元件与呈金属销的形式的导体相连接,该导体从气体传感器的罩壳中引导出来。在此,该导体被引导穿过在气体传感器的罩壳中的孔,该孔利用玻璃套管(Glasdurchfuehrung)来封闭。在该气体传感器中,待探测的可燃气体通过扩散穿过进入孔中的可透气的封闭部而进入并且因此在容器内部中到达传感器元件。通过扩散并且通过偶然出现的在环境条件中的改变(例如通过风流动)实现至反应元件的气体输送。但是后者可能还具有相反的效果,即妨碍气体分子扩散至传感器元件。
之前描述的气体传感器的工作原理致使在探测(一种或多种)目标气体时相对长的响应时间。此外,该响应时间与气体类型相关。在响应时间方面也不利的是,可燃气体的在功能方面得到的燃烧产物聚集在罩壳内部中并且因此可妨碍待探测的可燃气体朝向传感器元件的扩散。
发明内容
本发明的目的是如此改进开头所提及的类型的气体传感器,即缩短用于探测可燃气体的响应时间并且通过更好的气体交换提高气体传感器的敏感性。此外,应减小或完全阻止燃烧产物对可燃气体朝向传感器元件的扩散的影响。
权利要求1的特征部分的特征与权利要求1的前述部分相结合以用于实现该目的。在从属权利要求中给出了本发明的有利的实施形式。
根据本发明设置成在罩壳中设置有与进入孔相对而置的、可透气的离开孔。可透气的进入孔通过流通通道与可透气的离开孔相连接。传感器元件布置在流通通道中。以这种方式通过对流来产生气体流通,其允许来自环境大气的气体流到进入孔中、流过在罩壳中的流通通道并且通过离开孔再次流到环境中。以这种方式一方面实现低的响应时间。除此之外,通过气体流通从罩壳内部中导出可能的燃烧产物,从而可不再出现燃烧产物的聚集。
在一个优选的实施形式中,可透气的进入孔如此布置在气体传感器的罩壳中,即该进入孔在气体传感器的运行状态中向下敞开。
优选地,可透气的进入孔、流通通道和可透气的离开孔如此布置在罩壳中,即流通通道在气体传感器的运行状态中竖直地从下向上伸延穿过罩壳。由传感器元件产生的热引起穿过罩壳的对流流动,使得已加热的传感器元件位于穿过流通通道的气体的对流流中。然而,流通通道在气体传感器的运行状态中不必严格竖直地伸延;相反地,如果可透气的进入孔在气体传感器的运行状态中竖直地位于可透气的离开孔下方,那么已经产生了对流流动。
在一个优选的实施形式中,流通通道具有带有第一直径的第一柱状的区段和带有第二直径的竖直地位于第一柱状的区段之上的第二柱状的区段,其中,第一直径大于第二直径。
优选地,流通通道的第一柱状的区段的直径大于10μm。
在一个优选的实施形式中,穿过罩壳的流通通道的长度大于2mm。
优选地,可透气的进入孔利用由烧结的金属或织造的钢丝构成的可透气的封闭部来封闭。
在一个优选的实施形式中,可透气的离开孔利用由烧结的金属或织造的钢丝构成的封闭部来封闭。
附图说明
下面根据在图纸中的实施例来描述本发明。在其中:
图1显示了根据第一实施形式的气体传感器的示意性的横截面视图,
图2显示了根据第二实施形式的气体传感器的示意性的横截面视图,
图3显示了在将气体传感器的环境大气调整到50%UEG丙烷(UEG=爆炸下限)时作为时间的函数的气体传感器信号,
图4显示了在将气体传感器的环境大气调整到50%UEG甲烷(UEG=爆炸下限)时作为时间的函数的气体传感器信号,以及
图5显示了在将环境大气调整到50%UEG壬烷并且在紧接着返回到无可燃气体的环境大气时作为时间的函数的气体传感器信号。
参考标号列表
1罩壳
2进入孔
3离开孔
4流通通道
5套管(Durchfuehrung)
6,7金属销
8,9金属销。
具体实施方式
图1显示了气体传感器的横截面视图。该气体传感器具有罩壳1和位于该罩壳下方处的可透气的进入孔2。气体流通通道4从该气体进入孔2伸延直至在罩壳1上部处的可透气的离开孔3。流通通道4紧接着气体进入孔2具有带有第一直径的第一柱状的区段A,引导至可透气的离开孔3的带有较小的直径的第二柱状的区段B邻接该第一柱状的区段A。在流通通道4的下部的区段A中布置有第一传感器元件和第二传感器元件,其中,一个传感器元件与在流通通道中的大气相接触并且另一个传感器元件不与在流通通道中的大气相接触,为此,传感器元件中的一个用外壳(未示出)来包围。因此,该第二传感器元件用作参照物。第一传感器元件设有金属销6,7,其在罩壳内部中从第一传感器元件起穿过在罩壳中的套管5向外伸延。第二传感器元件设有金属销8,9,其同样从罩壳内部向外伸延。在金属销6,7和8,9之间的电压被输送到测量电路,例如桥式电路(如惠斯登电桥),该桥式电路提供桥信号,该桥信号提供用于所探求的目标气体的浓度的量度。
带有较大的直径的第一柱状的区段A通过锥形的中间区段过渡到带有较小的直径的第二柱状的区段B中。该设计强化了从下面穿过进入孔2向上穿过离开孔3而从罩壳1中出来的对流流动。在图1中显示的气体传感器的运行状态中,流通通道竖直地从下向上穿过罩壳1伸延。
图2显示了气体传感器的一个备选的实施形式,其中,离开孔3不以向上指向的方式布置在罩壳处,而是在上端处侧向从罩壳1引导出来。在该设计方案中也得到足够的对流流动,其保证气体传感器的快速的响应并且防止燃烧产物的聚集。
现在根据图3至图5来解释根据本发明的气体传感器的经改进的工作原理,在其中,将比较根据本发明的气体传感器与传统的气体传感器。在图3中以点示出了根据本发明的气体传感器的测量信号的在时间上的发展,而为了比较以三角形示出了传统的气体传感器的测量信号。在此,图3显示了从无可燃气体的大气到带有50%UEG(UEG=爆炸下限)的丙烷含量的环境大气的过渡。图3显示出,相比于针对为了比较而显示的传统的气体传感器的情况,根据本发明的气体传感器在添加了50%UEG丙烷之后非常明显地更加快速地上升到饱和的信号。由此证明,通过穿过气体传感器的罩壳的对流流动,环境大气的改变非常明显地更加快速地导致传感器信号的相应的改变。
在图4中显示了在从无可燃气体的环境大气到带有50%UEG甲烷的大气的过渡时作为时间的函数的气体传感器信号的另一示例。在此,根据本发明的气体传感器的传感器信号再次以圆点来示出并且传统的气体传感器的信号以三角形的点来示出。在此也显示出根据本发明的气体传感器的明显缩短的响应特性。
图5显示了在根据本发明的气体传感器(以虚线示出的测量信号)和传统的气体传感器(以实线示出的测量信号)之间的另一对比示例。在其中,从无可燃气体的环境大气过渡到带有50%UEG壬烷的大气并且紧接着又过渡到无可燃气体的环境大气。此处应注意的是,如同在图3和图4中一样,仅仅取决于在数值方面的信号上升,也就是说在无可燃气体的环境大气中测量信号<0意味着桥电路的没有平衡。
Claims (7)
1.一种用于检测可燃气体的气体传感器,其带有:在运行中被加热的催化式传感器元件,所述传感器元件布置在全面地包围的罩壳(1)中,该罩壳具有可透气的进入孔(2);并且带有电的导体,该导体与所述传感器元件处于连接中并且具有位于所述罩壳(1)之外的联接部,其中,在所述罩壳(1)中设置有可透气的离开孔(3)和连接所述可透气的进入孔(2)和所述可透气的离开孔(3)的流通通道(4),并且所述传感器元件布置在所述流通通道中,其特征在于,所述流通通道(4)具有带有第一直径的第一柱状的区段(A)和带有第二直径的竖直地位于所述第一柱状的区段之上的第二柱状的区段(B),其中,所述第一直径大于所述第二直径,以便强化从下面穿过所述进入孔向上穿过所述离开孔的对流流动,其中,带有较大的直径的第一柱状的区段(A)通过锥形的中间区段过渡到带有较小的直径的第二柱状的区段(B)中。
2.根据权利要求1所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述进入孔(2)如此布置在所述罩壳(1)中,即该进入孔在所述气体传感器的运行状态中向下敞开。
3.根据权利要求2所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述可透气的进入孔(2)、所述流通通道以及所述可透气的离开孔(3)如此布置在所述罩壳(1)中,即所述流通通道在所述气体传感器的运行状态中竖直地从下向上伸延穿过所述罩壳。
4.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述第一柱状的区段的直径大于10μm。
5.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,穿过所述罩壳的所述流通通道的长度大于2mm。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述可透气的进入孔(2)利用由烧结的金属或织造的钢丝构成的可透气的封闭部来封闭。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的气体传感器,其特征在于,所述可透气的离开孔(3)利用由烧结的金属或织造的钢丝构成的可透气的封闭部来封闭。
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DE102012002456A DE102012002456A1 (de) | 2012-02-08 | 2012-02-08 | Gassensor |
DE102012002456.8 | 2012-02-08 |
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US (1) | US9201032B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN103245700B (zh) |
DE (1) | DE102012002456A1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2499322B (zh) |
Families Citing this family (5)
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JP6884041B2 (ja) * | 2017-06-07 | 2021-06-09 | アルプスアルパイン株式会社 | 照明一体型ガス検知器 |
DE102017113661B4 (de) | 2017-06-21 | 2021-03-04 | Bcs Automotive Interface Solutions Gmbh | Kraftfahrzeugbedienvorrichtung |
DE102017011530A1 (de) * | 2017-12-13 | 2019-06-13 | Dräger Safety AG & Co. KGaA | Wärmetönungssensor sowie Messelement für Wärmetönungssensor |
CN108663404A (zh) * | 2018-06-13 | 2018-10-16 | 佛山市澄澜点寸科技有限公司 | 一种可燃气体传感器 |
US11543396B2 (en) * | 2019-06-11 | 2023-01-03 | Msa Technology, Llc | Gas sensor with separate contaminant detection element |
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- 2013-02-07 GB GB1302130.8A patent/GB2499322B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-02-07 CN CN201310048700.3A patent/CN103245700B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102012002456A1 (de) | 2013-08-08 |
GB2499322A (en) | 2013-08-14 |
US20130202490A1 (en) | 2013-08-08 |
GB2499322B (en) | 2014-03-05 |
CN103245700A (zh) | 2013-08-14 |
US9201032B2 (en) | 2015-12-01 |
GB201302130D0 (en) | 2013-03-20 |
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