CN103241123B - The automobile-used hybrid transmissions of city bus - Google Patents
The automobile-used hybrid transmissions of city bus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103241123B CN103241123B CN201310176218.8A CN201310176218A CN103241123B CN 103241123 B CN103241123 B CN 103241123B CN 201310176218 A CN201310176218 A CN 201310176218A CN 103241123 B CN103241123 B CN 103241123B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to system of vehicle transmission technical field, be specifically related to a kind of hybrid transmissions.The automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus, its technical scheme is that it comprises: driving engine, coupler, power-transfer clutch, power dividing row, power flow concentration row, the first drg, second brake, bielectron motor, the 3rd drg, output shaft, input shaft, closed-center system and general controller; The present invention adopts planet circular system as the implement device of power dividing mechanism, engine power exports a certain component of planet circular system to, moment of torsion is pressed fixed proportion by planet circular system, a part is directly exported by power dividing row, another part distributes to motor in double-rotor machine, electric power generation in driving, and the converting electric energy of input is mechanical energy by outer motor, utilize power flow concentration to arrange and superpose rear output with output torque, be conducive to the size reducing motor; Utilize general controller to realize various modes, electric transmission and mechanically operated advantage can be made full use of.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to system of vehicle transmission technical field, be specifically related to a kind of hybrid transmissions.
Background technology
Traditional be in the Car design of propulsion source with combustion engine, mainly ensure enough dynamic property and good fuel economy by arranging more number of gear.And for adopting the vehicle of hybrid power, adopt electrical motor and driving engine as engine installation simultaneously, two kinds of engine installation cooperation are made by closed-center system (power battery pack etc.) and control system, realize optimum capacity to distribute, reach low energy consumption and low emission performance, particularly at the city road of crowded traffic, fuel saving ratio can improve greatly.
Compare and miniwatt car hybrid transmissions, urban public traffic vehicles needs to adopt more high-performance electrical generator and electrical motor usually, how when ensureing urban public traffic vehicles dynamic property and economy, reduce the power demand of electrical generator and electrical motor, reducing the cost, is a hybrid-power bus technical issues that need to address.
The electrical motor of conventional hybrid automobile and electrical generator are integrated in a motor by double-rotor machine, are divided into interior motor and outer motor, greatly reduce space requirement, improve power density.The hybrid transmissions of double-rotor machine is adopted to realize infinite speed variation, optimize engine behavior, vehicle is made to obtain best tractive performance and fuel-economy performance, under power battery pack coordinates, many operational modes can be realized, as aero mode etc. assisted by electric model, combination drive pattern, Brake energy recovery pattern, supplying power for outside pattern, battery.Relative to small passenger car, urban public traffic vehicles needs wider gear range, starts and pattern of running at high speed to meet low speed high torque.Driving engine adds hybrid power transmission that double-rotor machine directly exports under the prerequisite of certain power of motor, and achieved transmitting ratio setting range is difficult to the requirement meeting city bus.The solution route of transmission: the power grade improving motor on the one hand, this can bring large volume weight and cost; On the other hand, keep power of motor grade constant, increase gear by series connection change speed gear box, expand gear range, but double-rotor machine also needs whole power and the torque of transmitting driving engine, needs high-power double-rotor machine parts.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is: a kind of hybrid transmissions being applicable to many operational modes of 20 tonnes of urban public traffic vehicles is provided, meet city bus exports large torque and wide speed range requirement to power drive system, improve bus starting, traction, acceleration capability, optimize engine behavior, improve power performance and the economy performance.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus, it is characterized in that, it comprises: driving engine, coupler, power-transfer clutch, power dividing row, power flow concentration row, the first drg, second brake, double-rotor machine, the 3rd drg, output shaft, input shaft, closed-center system and general controller;
Driving engine is diesel motor, and it is by coupler, by transmission of power to input shaft;
Power dividing package is drawn together: double pinions mechanism K1, single-stage planetary gear train K2, pinion carrier A and gear ring, long row star-wheel and short satellite gear; Double pinions mechanism K1 and single-stage planetary gear train K2 common planet carrier A and gear ring; Short satellite gear, long row star-wheel are installed on pinion carrier A, short satellite gear engages with the sun wheel A of double pinions mechanism K1, and long row star-wheel engages with short satellite gear, gear ring, the sun wheel A of double pinions mechanism K1 and the sun wheel B of single-stage planetary gear train K2 simultaneously;
Power flow concentration row K3 comprises: pinion carrier C, gear ring C, satellite gear and sun wheel C; Satellite gear is installed on pinion carrier C, and engages with gear ring C, sun wheel C;
Double-rotor machine is permanent magnet synchronous type, and can be used as electrical motor or electrical generator use, it comprises: internal rotor, outer rotor and stator; Internal rotor and stator form interior motor, and outer rotor and internal rotor form outer motor, and internal rotor is connected with the sun wheel A of double pinions mechanism K1, and the sun wheel C that outer rotor arranges K3 with power flow concentration is connected; Internal rotor, stator are connected with general controller by wire, and general controller is connected with closed-center system by wire;
General controller controls driving engine, the first drg, second brake, the 3rd drg and power-transfer clutch;
Input shaft connect power dividing row gear ring, gear ring by power-transfer clutch by transmission of power to output shaft, the pinion carrier C that output shaft arranges K3 with power flow concentration is connected;
The sun wheel B of the first brake single-stage planetary gear train K2, the sun wheel A of second brake braking double pinions mechanism K1, the gear ring of the 3rd brake power flow concentration row K3.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention, by the principle of Composite Transmission power dividing, transmits engine power jointly by mechanical horsepower and power of motor, thus reduce the power grade of motor;
(1) adopt planet circular system as the implement device of power dividing mechanism, the a certain component of engine power output valve planet circular system, moment of torsion is pressed fixed proportion by planet circular system, a part directly exports, another part distributes to motor in double-rotor machine, interior electric power generation, the converting electric energy of input is mechanical energy by outer motor, utilizes power flow concentration to arrange and superposes rear output with output torque.By rational matched design, the torque that the inside and outside motor that can reduce double-rotor machine bears, is namely conducive to the size reducing motor;
(2) utilize general controller to the cooperation control of drg, double-rotor machine, power-transfer clutch, driving engine, can various modes be realized, electric transmission and mechanically operated advantage can be made full use of; In utilizing, motor is counter simultaneously drags fire an engine, eliminates engine starter;
(3) under starting, middle speed operation, have employed planet circular system and double-rotor machine shunting transmission, power is divided into two-way transmission, reduces the power of double-rotor machine and the demand of torque, achieves the function of stepless transmission, improve fuel economy; Compare and have gear stage with conventional fluid torque machinery, reduce gearshift number of times, improve ride comfort.Additionally by shunting transmission, mechanical transfer part power, driving efficiency when improve the low speed of driving device compared with hydraulic mechanical.When frequent deceleration and braking, outer motor can be utilized to play effect that is slow and braking potential recovery;
(4) operating mode of running at high speed adopts three fixed speed ratios, meets the demand of high-speed working condition efficient driving, and can realize parallel combination drive, and double-rotor machine only plays a role in shift process.Reversing can utilize the reversion of the outer motor of double-rotor machine to realize, and this also simplifies the structure of speed changing structure;
(5) input shaft, output shaft, motor, power-transfer clutch, drg and planet row can be coaxially arranged, save space, improve power density.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of driving device of the present invention;
When Fig. 2 is the 3rd brake, for realizing the schematic diagram of pure electric drive mode;
When Fig. 3 is the first brake, for realizing the anti-schematic diagram dragging fire an engine function of motor in double-rotor machine;
Fig. 4 be starting or middle low cruise time, for realizing the schematic diagram of the outer motor combination drive pattern of electric power generation in double-rotor machine, driving engine and double-rotor machine;
Fig. 5 be the first brake or second brake braking time, for realizing the schematic diagram of pure mechanical traction mode of fixed gear 1, fixed gear 3;
When Fig. 6 is power-transfer clutch joint, for realizing the schematic diagram of the pure mechanical traction mode of fixed gear 2;
When Fig. 7 is the first brake, for realizing power generation in parking pattern;
When Fig. 8 is the 3rd brake, for brake snub power generation mode;
When Fig. 9 is the 3rd brake, for realizing reversing mode;
Wherein, 1-driving engine, 2-coupler, 3-power-transfer clutch, 5-first drg, 6-second brake, 7-double-rotor machine, 8-gear ring C, 9-satellite gear, 10-pinion carrier C, 11-output shaft, 12-sun wheel C, 13-the 3rd drg, 14-internal rotor, 15-outer rotor, 16-stator, 17-sun wheel B, 18-long row star-wheel, 19-gear ring, the short satellite gear of 20-pinion carrier A, 21-, 22-sun wheel A, 23-input shaft, 24-closed-center system, 27-general controller.
Detailed description of the invention
See accompanying drawing 1, the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus, it comprises: driving engine 1, coupler 2, power-transfer clutch 3, power dividing row, power flow concentration row, the first drg 5, second brake 6, double-rotor machine 7, the 3rd drg 13, output shaft 11, input shaft 23, closed-center system 24 and general controller 27;
Driving engine 1 is diesel motor, and it is by coupler 2, by transmission of power to input shaft 23;
Power dividing package is drawn together: double pinions mechanism K1, single-stage planetary gear train K2, pinion carrier A20 and gear ring 19, long row star-wheel 18 and short satellite gear 21; Double pinions mechanism K1 and single-stage planetary gear train K2 common planet carrier A20 and gear ring 19; Short satellite gear 21, long row star-wheel 18 are installed on pinion carrier A20, short satellite gear 21 engages with the sun wheel A22 of double pinions mechanism K1, and long row star-wheel 18 engages with short satellite gear 21, gear ring 19, the sun wheel A22 of double pinions mechanism K1 and the sun wheel B17 of single-stage planetary gear train K2 simultaneously;
Power flow concentration row K3 comprises: pinion carrier C10, gear ring C8, satellite gear 9 and sun wheel C12; Satellite gear 9 is installed on pinion carrier C10, and engages with gear ring C8, sun wheel C12;
Double-rotor machine 7 is permanent magnet synchronous type, and can be used as electrical motor or electrical generator use, it comprises: internal rotor 14, outer rotor 15 and stator 16; Internal rotor 14 and outer rotor 15 form interior motor, and outer rotor 15 and stator 16 form outer motor, and internal rotor 14 is connected with the sun wheel A22 of double pinions mechanism K1, and the sun wheel C12 that outer rotor 15 arranges K3 with power flow concentration is connected; Internal rotor 14, stator 16 are connected with general controller 27 by wire, and general controller 27 is connected with closed-center system 24 by wire;
General controller 27 pairs of driving engines 1, first drg 5, second brake 6, the 3rd drg 13 and power-transfer clutch 3 control; First drg 5, second brake 6, the 3rd drg 13 are wet multi-disk brake, and described power-transfer clutch 3 is multi-disc wet clutch.
Input shaft 23 connects the gear ring 19 of power dividing row, and gear ring 19 passes through power-transfer clutch 3 by transmission of power to output shaft 11, and the pinion carrier C10 that output shaft 11 arranges K3 with power flow concentration is connected;
First drg 5 brakes the sun wheel B17 of single-stage planetary gear train K2, and second brake 6 brakes the sun wheel A22 of double pinions mechanism K1, the gear ring 8 of the 3rd drg 13 B.P. bus duct K3.
Fig. 2 to Fig. 9 is that power flow concentration row K3 realizes different mode of operations and function by different control and operations, and the schematic diagram of poower flow under often kind of mode of operation.
Figure 2 shows that electric-only mode, when for start to walk or below 30km/h low speed exercise operating mode time, mainly consider that engine load is lower when low speed, fuel economy is lower, utilizes outer motor absorption closed-center system 24 electric power drive separately; Described general controller 27 starts electric-only mode, and namely the 3rd drg 13 is braked, and outer motor is in electric motor state, and the energy in closed-center system 24 is converted into mechanical horsepower by outer motor, is exported after power flow concentration mechanism K3 by output shaft 11.
Figure 3 shows that interior electric motor starting machine pattern, when needing fire an engine 1, described general controller 27 starts interior electric motor starting machine pattern, namely the first drg 5 is braked, drag driving engine 1 by internal rotor 14 reversion controlling interior motor to start, interior motor absorbs the energy in closed-center system 24 as electrical motor.
Figure 4 shows that combination drive pattern, for start to walk or in below 0-40km/h low speed exercise operating mode time, described general controller 27 starts combination drive pattern, i.e. the first drg 5 and the 3rd drg 13 Associated brake, the mechanical horsepower that driving engine 1 sends is shunted by diversion mechanism, and a part is delivered to output shaft 11 by diversion mechanism gear ring 19, long row star-wheel 18, pinion carrier 20; Another part is delivered to double-rotor machine internal rotor 14 by the sun wheel A22 of diversion mechanism gear ring 19, long row star-wheel 18, short satellite gear 21, double pinions mechanism K1, electric power generation in driving, interior machine operation is in Generator Status, and the electric power sent is absorbed by closed-center system 24; Outer motor works in electric motor state and absorbs the energy of closed-center system 24, and the mechanical horsepower that outer rotor 15 exports is confluxed by the sun wheel C12 of power flow concentration row K3, satellite gear 9, pinion carrier 10 and the mechanical horsepower of driving engine and jointly to be exported by output shaft 11.This pattern can meet starting, low-medium speed driving cycle, realizes stepless transmission agency, this condition automobile scooter 40km/h, does not need gearshift, can improve the traveling comfort of the traveling comfort of city bus, particularly standing passenger.Simultaneously under this operating mode, driving engine 1 and wheel limit load are isolated by double-rotor machine 7, optimize engine behavior by the rotating speed and torque that control inside and outside motor, make driving engine work on optimum work fuel oil consumption curve all the time, to improve fuel economy.When slowing down or brake, outer motor can be utilized to play effect that is slow and Brake energy recovery.
Fig. 5, Figure 6 shows that pure mechanical mode, when high-speed working condition for being greater than 40km/h, described general controller 27 starts pure mechanical mode, and namely the first drg 5 braking realizes mechanical shelves A, and its transmitting ratio is 1.5; When power-transfer clutch 3 engages, realize mechanical shelves B, its transmitting ratio is 1; When second brake 6 is braked, realize mechanical shelves C, its transmitting ratio is 0.75.
Fig. 7 is power generation in parking pattern, during parking, described general controller 27 starts power generation mode, namely the first drg 5 is braked, the sun wheel A22 of the gear ring 19 of power dividing that driving engine 1 sends row, long row star-wheel 18, short satellite gear 21, double pinions mechanism K1 is delivered to the internal rotor 14 of double-rotor machine 7, electric power generation in driving, interior machine operation is in Generator Status, and the electric power sent is absorbed by closed-center system 24.
Fig. 8 is brake snub power generation mode, when bus slows down, considers that public transit vehicle needs brake snub frequently, therefore when bus slows down, this driving device whole process can utilize outer motor to generate electricity in the generator mode, plays the function of retarder, reclaims braking energy.Described general controller 27 starts brake snub power generation mode, and namely the 3rd drg 13 is braked, and the outer rotor 16 of double-rotor machine 7 drives outer electric power generation, and outer motor works in Generator Status, and the electrical power storage sent is in closed-center system 24.
Fig. 9 is pure electronic reversing mode, and when bus is moveed backward, described general controller 27 starts reversing mode, and the outer rotor 16 by double-rotor machine 7 reverses.
Claims (9)
1. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of city bus, it is characterized in that, it comprises: driving engine (1), coupler (2), power-transfer clutch (3), power dividing row, power flow concentration row, the first drg (5), second brake (6), double-rotor machine (7), the 3rd drg (13), output shaft (11), input shaft (23), closed-center system (24) and general controller (27);
Driving engine (1) is diesel motor, and it is by coupler (2), by transmission of power to input shaft (23);
Power dividing package is drawn together: double pinions mechanism K1, single-stage planetary gear train K2, pinion carrier A (20) and gear ring (19), long row star-wheel (18) and short satellite gear (21); Double pinions mechanism K1 and single-stage planetary gear train K2 common planet carrier A (20) and gear ring (19); Short satellite gear (21), long row star-wheel (18) are installed on pinion carrier A (20), short satellite gear (21) engages with the sun wheel A (22) of double pinions mechanism K1, and long row star-wheel (18) engages with the sun wheel B (17) of short satellite gear (21), gear ring (19), single-stage planetary gear train K2 simultaneously;
Power flow concentration row K3 comprises: pinion carrier C (10), gear ring C (8), satellite gear (9) and sun wheel C (12); Satellite gear (9) is installed on pinion carrier C (10), and engages with gear ring C (8), sun wheel C (12);
Double-rotor machine (7) is permanent magnet synchronous type, and can be used as electrical motor or electrical generator use, it comprises: internal rotor (14), outer rotor (15) and stator (16); Motor in internal rotor (14) and outer rotor (15) form, outer rotor (15) and stator (16) form outer motor, internal rotor (14) is connected with the sun wheel A (22) of double pinions mechanism K1, and the sun wheel C (12) that outer rotor (15) and power flow concentration arrange K3 is connected; Internal rotor (14), stator (16) are connected with general controller (27) by wire, and general controller (27) is connected with closed-center system (24) by wire;
General controller (27) controls driving engine (1), the first drg (5), second brake (6), the 3rd drg (13) and power-transfer clutch (3);
Input shaft (23) connects the gear ring (19) of power dividing row, gear ring (19) by power-transfer clutch (3) by transmission of power to output shaft (11), the pinion carrier C (10) that output shaft (11) and power flow concentration arrange K3 is connected;
The sun wheel B (17) of the first drg (5) braking single-stage planetary gear train K2, the sun wheel A (22) of second brake (6) braking double pinions mechanism K1, the gear ring C (8) of the 3rd drg (13) B.P. bus duct K3.
2. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when for start to walk or below 30km/h low speed exercise operating mode time, described general controller (27) starts electric-only mode, i.e. the 3rd drg (13) braking, outer motor is in electric motor state, and the energy in closed-center system (24) is converted into mechanical horsepower by outer motor, is exported after power flow concentration mechanism K3 by output shaft (11).
3. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when needing fire an engine (1), electric motor starting machine pattern in described general controller (27) starts, i.e. the first drg (5) braking, drag driving engine (1) by internal rotor (14) reversion controlling interior motor to start, interior motor absorbs the energy in closed-center system (24) as electrical motor.
4. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when for start to walk or in below 0-40km/h low speed exercise operating mode time, described general controller (27) starts combination drive pattern, i.e. the first drg (5) and the 3rd drg (13) Associated brake, the mechanical horsepower that driving engine (1) sends is by power dividing row shunting, and gear ring (19), long row star-wheel (18), pinion carrier A (20) that a part is arranged by power dividing are delivered to output shaft (11); Another part arranged by power dividing gear ring (19), long row star-wheel (18), short satellite gear (21), double pinions mechanism K1 sun wheel A (22) be delivered to double-rotor machine internal rotor (14), electric power generation in driving, interior machine operation is in Generator Status, and the electric power sent is absorbed by closed-center system (24); Outer motor works in the energy that electric motor state absorbs closed-center system (24), and the mechanical horsepower that outer rotor (15) exports is confluxed by the power flow concentration row sun wheel C (12) of K3, satellite gear (9), pinion carrier C (10) and the mechanical horsepower of driving engine and jointly to be exported by output shaft (11).
5. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when high-speed working condition for being greater than 40km/h, described general controller (27) starts pure mechanical mode, realize three mechanical gears, the transmitting ratio of three mechanical gears is respectively: 1.5,1 and 0.75; Realize respectively by the first drg (5) braking, power-transfer clutch (3) joint, second brake (6) braking.
6. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when parking, described general controller (27) starts power generation mode, i.e. the first drg (5) braking, the gear ring (19) that the power that driving engine (1) sends is arranged through power dividing, long row star-wheel (18), short satellite gear (21), the sun wheel A (22) of double pinions mechanism K1 is delivered to the internal rotor (14) of double-rotor machine (7), electric power generation in driving, interior machine operation is in Generator Status, the electric power sent is absorbed by closed-center system (24).
7. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when bus slows down, described general controller (27) starts brake snub power generation mode, i.e. the 3rd drg (13) braking, the outer rotor (16) of double-rotor machine (7) drives outer electric power generation, and outer motor works in Generator Status, and the electrical power storage sent is in closed-center system (24).
8. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, when bus is moveed backward, described general controller (27) starts reversing mode, outer rotor (16) by rotor electric machine (7) reverses, the 3rd drg (13) braking.
9. the automobile-used hybrid transmissions of a kind of city bus as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, first drg (5), second brake (6), the 3rd drg (13) are wet multi-disk brake, and described power-transfer clutch (3) is multi-disc wet clutch.
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| CN201310176218.8A CN103241123B (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | The automobile-used hybrid transmissions of city bus |
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| CN201310176218.8A CN103241123B (en) | 2013-05-14 | 2013-05-14 | The automobile-used hybrid transmissions of city bus |
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| CN103241123B true CN103241123B (en) | 2015-09-23 |
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| CN102815199A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-12-12 | 北京理工大学 | Electromechanical composite stepless transmission device for wheeled load-carrying vehicle with birotor motor |
| CN103085643A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-05-08 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Hybrid power transmission |
| CN103057395A (en) * | 2013-01-31 | 2013-04-24 | 长城汽车股份有限公司 | Hybrid power transmission |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103241123A (en) | 2013-08-14 |
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