CN103237616A - 滑动水口板 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明提供一种滑动水口板,其使用高耐腐蚀性、高热膨胀的耐火物且可呈大型化。在本发明中,将以添加铝来提高耐腐蚀性且在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的特定耐火物(1a),局部性地配置成至少覆盖重点使用部。特定耐火物(1a)的厚度为15mm以上25mm以下。配置特定耐火物(1a)的以外部分以氧化铝碳作为主成分的非烧成耐火物或烧成耐火物所形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明关于一种滑动水口板(Sliding Nozzle Plate,以下称为“SN板”。),该滑动水口板是被使用于控制熔钢流量的滑动水口装置(以下称为“SN装置”。)的板砖。
背景技术
在制钢中,为了控制从浇包或浇口盘等的熔融金属容器排出的熔钢的流量,使用着SN装置。该SN装置使用着2片或3片耐火物制的具有水口孔的SN板。该SN板在被约束的条件下重叠且在被施加表面压力的状态下滑动,并调整水口孔的开度而调整熔钢的流量。
由此,对SN板不但理所应当地要求对于熔钢中的成分或熔渣的耐腐蚀性,而且还要求对于铸造时的热应力的耐剥落性。
以往,作为提高SN板的耐腐蚀性的方法,众所周知添加铝或硅等的金属的方法(例如参照专利文献1)。
专利文献1:日本特开昭57-027968号公报
然而,如果为了提高耐腐蚀性而添加多量金属,则SN板发生高热膨胀,会降低耐剥落性。特别是,在像熔钢所通过的水口孔的孔径超过50mm这样的大型SN板(例如,A尺寸(长度)=550mm、B尺寸(宽度)=250mm、C尺寸(厚度)=45mm)中,耐剥落性的问题变得显著。即,在大型SN板中,如果发生高热膨胀,则产生烧成裂痕(烧成时的裂痕)的可能性高,即使未产生烧成裂痕,产生初期裂痕(在熔钢通过时因剥落而产生的裂痕)可能性也高,使用起来困难。
发明内容
于是,本发明的目的为提供一种SN板,其使用高耐腐蚀性、高热膨胀的耐火物且可呈大型化。
本发明的SN板为,将添加有金属铝且在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的特定耐火物,局部性地配置成至少覆盖重点使用部的滑动水口板,其特征为,上述特定耐火物通过灰泥(mortar)被嵌入于构成配置该特定耐火物的以外部分的母材的耐火物中且其厚度为15mm以上25mm以下。
而且,在概念上讲,“重点使用部”是指在SN板的滑动面(开动面)上特别要求其耐腐蚀性的部分,在以后加以详细定义。
在本发明中,为了提高SN板的耐腐蚀性而添加铝等,将在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上的发生高热膨胀的特定耐火物,配置成覆盖重点使用部。但是,如果由该特定耐火物形成SN板全体,则降低耐剥落性的影响变得显著,因而在本发明中将特定耐火物“局部性地”配置成至少覆盖重点使用部。即,在本发明中,在尤其要求耐腐蚀性的重点使用部或其周边配置特定耐火物,而其他部分则是由其他耐火物所形成,从而可使由高热膨胀的特定耐火物所形成的部分呈小型化。由此,使用特定耐火物可形成大型SN板。
附图说明
图1是表示本发明的SN板的重点使用部的图。
图2是表示在本发明的SN板中配置特定耐火物的部分的例子的图。
图3表示本发明的SN板的一例,(a)是表示滑动面的仰视图,(b)是剖视图。
图4表示经FEM计算的各模型的CAD模型。
图5表示对发生于SN板的水口孔的边缘部的最大应力进行FEM计算的结果。
符号说明
1-滑动水口板;1a-特定耐火物;D-重点使用部;D1~D4-覆盖重点使用部的部分;S-行程部;H-水口孔周边部。
具体实施方式
在本发明中,将添加例如铝等的耐腐蚀性给予效果高的金属所得到的在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的特定耐火物,局部性地配置成至少覆盖SN板的重点使用部。配置特定耐火物的以外部分(母材),可以由作为SN板的耐火物而通用的氧化铝碳作为主成分的非烧成耐火物或烧成耐火物所构成。
在此,“重点使用部”是指在SN板的滑动面上尤其要求耐腐蚀性的部分,更具体而言,如图1所示,在SN板1的滑动面上,在行程部S(在实际作业时与熔钢直接接触的部分)加上水口孔周边部H的部分为重点使用部D。而且,在图1中,S1表示全开位置与全闭位置的水口孔的中心间距离,α表示水口孔周边部H的宽度。S1由SN装置的规格所决定。α是所谓安全量,优选10mm以上30mm以下。如果α不足10mm,则因水口孔的边缘缺口而母材有可能曝露于熔钢,而在构造上也很难以制造,即使可制造出但在成品率上也会很差。另一方面,如果α超过30mm,则降低耐剥落性的影响变得显著。
在本发明中,至少以覆盖如图1所示的重点使用部D的方式局部性地配置上述的特定耐火物。例如,可以仅在图1所示的重点使用部D配置特定耐火物,也可以如图2所示地在覆盖图1所示的重点使用部D的D1至D3部分配置特定耐火物。
使用于本发明的SN板的特定耐火物含有耐腐蚀性给予效果高的原料。作为耐腐蚀性给予效果高的原料,例如可举出金属铝、氧化镁、氧化铬等。这些原料是会导致SN板的高热膨胀化,成为耐剥落性的弊害。例如,如果在氧化铝碳系的SN板中添加5质量%的金属铝,则可提高耐腐蚀性,但是热膨胀率成为1.15%而有可能发生伴随高热膨胀化的使用耐火物时的裂痕。耐腐蚀性给予效果高的原料直到热膨胀率2.50%为止是对耐腐蚀性给予效果奏效,但是无法估计其以上的耐腐蚀性给予效果。反正热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的SN板呈现出高耐腐蚀性,但是因制造时的烧成裂痕或使用时的剥落而产生的裂痕(初期裂痕)成为问题,特别是无法适用于大型SN板。本发明是将在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的特定耐火物只适用于覆盖重点使用部的部分来改善上述问题的。
将特定耐火物的厚度作为15mm以上25mm以下。如果特定耐火物的厚度不足15mm或超过25mm,则从使用FEM的计算结果可知,发生于水口孔的边缘部的最大应力会变大,有可能产生边缘缺口或裂痕。
而且,优选特定耐火物的底部外周被切断。通过切断特定耐火物的底部外周,从而可提高在将特定耐火物设定在覆盖重点使用部的部分时的作业性。要显著地对这些作用效果奏效,则优选对特定耐火物的底部外周以R5以上或C5以上进行切断。
实施例1
作为本发明的实施例,将特定耐火物局部性地配置成覆盖重点使用部来制造了SN板。而且,作为比较例,将与实施例相同的特定耐火物适用于全体来制造了SN板。
实施例1-1
如图3所示,在该实施例中所制造的SN板的形状为A尺寸(长度)=500mm、B尺寸(宽度)=250mm、C尺寸(厚度)=40mm。另外,在本发明的实施例中特定耐火物1a如下,将全开位置与全闭位置的水口孔的中心间距离S1作为250mm,将水口孔的孔径作为100mm,将SN板的滑动方向的安全量α1作为10mm,将与滑动方向正交的方向的安全量α2作为25mm,在以SN板的滑动方向的长度为且与滑动方向正交的方向的长度为所规定的部分D4,以厚度20mm进行配置。该D4部分覆盖在图1中说明的重点使用部D。
作为特定耐火物,使用了混合92质量%氧化铝粉末、3质量%碳粉末、5质量%金属铝粉末的混合物并经过干燥、烧成的耐火物。该特定耐火物在1500℃下的热膨胀率是1.15%,音速弹性模量(通过音速测定的弹性模量)是80GPa(表3、4的材质A)。
在本发明的实施例中,将该特定耐火物限定于上述的部分D4而适用,在该部分D4以外(母材),适用了混合95质量%氧化铝粉末、3质量%碳粉末、3质量%金属硅粉末并经过干燥、烧成的氧化铝碳质的耐火物。即,在本发明的实施例中,准备了对应于部分D4的形状的特定耐火物,通过灰泥将此嵌入于母材的耐火物而制作了SN板。另一方面,在比较例中,将上述的特定耐火物适用于图3所示的SN板的全体。即,在比较例中,由上述的特定耐火物的混合物形成SN板全体,并实施干燥、烧成。
制造结果为,在本发明的实施例中,得到了未发生裂痕的良好的SN板。另一方面,在比较例中,产生了可目视确认的裂痕,被判断为无法供应于实际使用。
实施例1-2
作为特定耐火物,使用了混合87质量%氧化铝粉末、3质量%碳粉末、10质量%金属铝粉末并实施干燥、烧成的耐火物,与实施例1-1相同地制造了SN板。该实施例的特定耐火物在1500℃下的热膨胀率是1.33%,音速弹性模量是120GPa(表3、4的材质C)。另一方面,在比较例中,将上述的特定耐火物适用于图3所示的SN板的全体。
制造结果为,在限定于部分D4而适用特定耐火物的本发明的实施例中,在特定耐火物中确认了微小的裂痕,但是未确认到与包围特定耐火物的母材的耐火物之间裂痕相连,因而考虑到实际使用上并不会特别成为问题。另一方面,在将特定耐火物适用于全体的比较例中,产生了多数裂痕,被判断为无法供应于实际使用。
实施例1-3
作为特定耐火物,使用了混合92质量%氧化铝粉末、3质量%碳粉末、5质量%金属铝粉末并进行干燥、烧成的耐火物,与实施例1-1相同地制造了SN板。该实施例的特定耐火物在1500℃下的热膨胀率是2.50%,音速弹性模量是80GPa(表3、4的材质D)。另一方面,在比较例中,将上述的特定耐火物适用于图3所示的SN板的全体。
制造结果为,在限定于部分D4而适用特定耐火物的本发明的实施例中,在特定耐火物中确认了微小的裂痕,但是未被确认到与包围特定耐火物的母材的耐火物之间裂痕相连,因而考虑到实际使用上并不会特别成为问题。另一方面,在将特定耐火物适用于全体的比较例中,产生多数裂痕,被判断为无法供应于实际使用。
如以上所述,依照本发明限定成至少覆盖重点使用部而适用特定耐火物,从而未产生实际使用上成为问题的裂痕,确认了可制造大型的SN板。
而且,在以上的本发明的实施例中,作为适用于部分D4以外的母材而适用了烧成耐火物,但也可适用非烧成耐火物。
实施例2
通过FEM来计算配置于重点使用部的特定耐火物的厚度与产生于水口孔的边缘部的最大应力的关系。
FEM的计算条件如下。
<使用软件>
Cosmos Works2007MSC.Marc2008
<模型制造(modelling)>
制作1/2的CAD模型。由CAD模型使用四节点四边形要素来制作FEM模型。网格分割的基准长度是5mm。
<热解析>
初期温度:
水口孔,开度50%:1550℃,1.16×10-3W/mm2.K
外周侧:25℃,1.16×10-5W/mm2.K
时间阶段:1秒钟/阶段,20秒钟
<应力解析>
初期温度:25℃
给予考虑对称性的变位约束。
给予用于抑制旋转的Y方向约束。
给予X方向的变位约束。
从热解析的结果计算热应力。
在表1中示出模型号码与条件,在图4中示出表1所示的模型1至5的CAD模型。如表1及图4所示,在模型1至5中,使配置于覆盖SN板的重点使用部的部分(图3的部分D4)的特定耐火物1a的厚度变化在5至25mm的范围内。模型6是未配置特定耐火物的例子。
表1
厚度(mm) | |
模型1 | 5 |
模型2 | 10 |
模型3 | 15 |
模型4 | 20 |
模型5 | 25 |
模型6 | 0 |
在FEM计算中,其条件为加热部位是水口孔而对外周进行冷却。而且,使用于FEM计算的物理参数为如表2所示。
表2
在以上的条件下,通过FEM计算了产生于水口孔的边缘部(配置有特定耐火物的一侧的边缘部)的最大应力。将其结果示于图5。由同图可看出在特定耐火物的厚度为15至25mm的范围内所产生的应力会降低。
实施例3
针对特定耐火物的材质与耐腐蚀性的关系进行了调查。在表3中示出使用材质。
表3
针对材质A~C,在混合、干燥其混合物后在非氧化环境下通过烧成而作成烧成体。针对材质D,通过混合、干燥其混合物而作成非烧成体。将各材质的样品内衬于高频感应炉的坩埚内,将熔钢放进于该坩埚内并添加轧制铁鳞(mill scale),搅拌两小时。在试验之后,通过各样品的熔损速度来评价了耐腐蚀性。另外,针对于各材质的样品,评价了音速弹性模量与在1500℃下的热膨胀率。音速弹性模量是通过由JIS标准(日本工业标准)所决定的JIS R1602的弹性模量试验法来评价的,热膨胀率是通过JIS R2207-1的热膨胀的试验方法来评价的。将其结果示于表4。
表4
材质A | 材质B | 材质C | 材质D | |
耐腐蚀性指数 | 100 | 93 | 85 | 30 |
音速弹性模量(MPa) | 90 | 100 | 120 | 80 |
热膨胀率(%) | 1.15 | 1.25 | 1.33 | 2.50 |
在表4中,各材质的耐腐蚀性是将材质A的熔损速度作为100而以指数进行表记的。数值越小,则耐腐蚀性越良好。从表4可知,如果音速弹性模量变高,则存在耐腐蚀性提高的趋势,耐腐蚀性因随着高弹性模量化的耐火物组织的致密化而提高。
Claims (4)
1.一种滑动水口板,是将添加有金属铝且在1500℃下的热膨胀率为1.15%以上2.50%以下的特定耐火物,局部性地配置成至少覆盖重点使用部的滑动水口板,其特征为,
上述特定耐火物通过灰泥被嵌入于构成配置该特定耐火物的以外部分的母材的耐火物中且其厚度为15mm以上25mm以下。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滑动水口板,其特征为,上述特定耐火物的底部外周被切割。
3.根据权利要求2所述的滑动水口板,其特征为,上述特定耐火物的底部外周呈R5以上或C5以上。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的滑动水口板,其特征为,上述母材由以氧化铝碳作为主成分的非烧成耐火物或烧成耐火物所形成。
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CN105980085A (zh) * | 2014-02-06 | 2016-09-28 | 浦项工科大学校产学协力团 | 滑动水口及用于滑动水口的阀板 |
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USD781940S1 (en) * | 2015-01-28 | 2017-03-21 | Krosaki Harima Corporation | Sliding nozzle plate |
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AU2011338046B2 (en) | 2015-03-12 |
EP2647452A4 (en) | 2014-07-02 |
KR101511334B1 (ko) | 2015-04-10 |
AU2011338046A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
CA2808360A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
EP2647452A1 (en) | 2013-10-09 |
CN103237616B (zh) | 2015-10-14 |
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US20120141740A1 (en) | 2012-06-07 |
TW201244850A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
CA2808360C (en) | 2015-04-07 |
TWI469836B (zh) | 2015-01-21 |
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US8986813B2 (en) | 2015-03-24 |
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